New excavations at the late Pleistocene site of Chinchihuapi I, Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom D. Dillehay ◽  
Carlos Ocampo ◽  
Jose Saavedra ◽  
Mario Pino ◽  
Linda Scott-Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Occupied Site ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Monte Verde ◽  
Point Type

AbstractThis paper presents new excavation data on the Chinchihuapi I (CH-I) locality within the Monte Verde site complex, located along Chinchihuapi Creek in the cool, temperate Valdivian rain forest of south-central Chile. The 2017 and 2018 archaeological excavations carried out in this open-air locality reveal further that CH-I is an intermittently occupied site dating from the Early Holocene (~10,000 cal yr BP) to the late Pleistocene (at least ~14,500 cal yr BP) and probably earlier. A new series of radiocarbon dates refines the chronology of human use of the site during this period. In this paper, we describe the archaeological and stratigraphic contexts of the recent excavations and analyze the recovered artifact assemblages. A fragmented Monte Verde II point type on an exotic quartz newly recovered from excavations at CH-I indicates that this biface design existed in at least two areas of the wider site complex ~14,500 cal yr BP. In addition, associated with the early Holocene component at CH-I are later Paijan-like points recovered with lithic tools and debris and other materials. We discuss the geographic distribution of diagnostic artifacts from the site and their probable relationship to other early sites in South America.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon, Soil, and Artifact Chronologies for An Early Southern Oregon Coastal Site

Radiocarbon ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Hall ◽  
Loren G Davis ◽  
Samuel Willis ◽  
Matthew Fillmore
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Texture Classification ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
History Of

Radiocarbon dates together with geoarchaeological, soil, and lithic analyses are presented to describe archaeological site 35-CS-9 in Bandon Ocean Wayside State Park, Oregon, northwestern USA. One of the few Oregon middle-Holocene coastal sites that includes sediments and artifacts dating to the early Holocene and possibly to the late Pleistocene, it was recorded in 1951 and surface surveyed by archaeologists in 1975, 1986, and 1991, but its depth and antiquity were not tested. In February 2002, we studied the site's stratigraphy and sediments and described 8 strata from the aeolian surface to bedrock at 350 cm depth. Soil samples taken from a cut bank for texture classification, particle size analysis, pH, carbon content, and chemical analysis suggested that the site represented a complete history of Holocene deposits. Excavation of 2 test units in August 2002 uncovered substantial lithic and charcoal remains that confirm a protracted middle-Holocene occupation and suggest that human occupation began in the early Holocene. Charcoal recovered at 235–245 cm dated to 11,000 14C BP, and the deepest lithic artifact was recovered in a level at 215–225 cm. Whether the human occupation was continuous throughout the Holocene, and whether it began in the early Holocene or in the late Pleistocene, can only be determined with further excavations.

Late Pleistocene landscape evolution in south-central Chile constrained by luminescence and stable cosmogenic nuclide dating

2010 ◽  
Vol 122 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1235-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Rehak ◽  
Samuel Niedermann ◽  
Frank Preusser ◽  
Manfred R. Strecker ◽  
Helmut P. Echtler
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Cosmogenic Nuclide ◽  
South Central ◽  
Cosmogenic Nuclide Dating

scholarly journals Yedoma Ice Complex of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (southern Laptev Sea)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1261-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Schirrmeister ◽  
Georg Schwamborn ◽  
Pier Paul Overduin ◽  
Jens Strauss ◽  
Margret C. Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
South Central ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
Ice Complex

Abstract. The composition of perennially frozen deposits holds information on the palaeo-environment during and following deposition. In this study, we investigate late Pleistocene permafrost at the western coast of the Buor Khaya Peninsula in the south-central Laptev Sea (Siberia), namely the prominent eastern Siberian Yedoma Ice Complex (IC). Two Yedoma IC exposures and one drill core were studied for cryolithological (i.e. ice and sediment features), geochemical, and geochronological parameters. Borehole temperatures were measured for 3 years to capture the current thermal state of permafrost. The studied sequences were composed of ice-oversaturated silts and fine-grained sands with considerable amounts of organic matter (0.2 to 24 wt %). Syngenetic ice wedges intersect the frozen deposits. The deposition of the Yedoma IC, as revealed by radiocarbon dates of sedimentary organic matter, took place between 54.1 and 30.1 kyr BP. Continued Yedoma IC deposition until about 14.7 kyr BP is shown by dates from organic matter preserved in ice-wedge ice. For the lowermost and oldest Yedoma IC part, infrared-stimulated luminescence dates on feldspar show deposition ages between 51.1 ± 4.9 and 44.2 ± 3.6 kyr BP. End-member modelling was applied to grain-size-distribution data to determined sedimentation processes during Yedoma IC formation. Three to five robust end-members were detected within Yedoma IC deposits, which we interpret as different modes of primary and reworked unconfined alluvial slope and fan deposition as well as of localized eolian and fluvial sediment, which is overprinted by in situ frost weathering. The cryolithological inventory of the Yedoma IC preserved on the Buor Khaya Peninsula is closely related to the results of other IC studies, for example, to the west on the Bykovsky Peninsula, where formation time (mainly during the late Pleistocene marine isotope stages (MIS) 3 interstadial) and formation conditions were similar. Local freezing conditions on Buor Khaya, however, differed and created solute-enriched (salty) and isotopically light pore water pointing to a small talik layer and thaw-bulb freezing after deposition. Due to intense coastal erosion, the biogeochemical signature of the studied Yedoma IC represents the terrestrial end-member, and is closely related to organic matter currently being deposited in the marine realm of the Laptev Sea shelf.

Palaeo-ecology and Pleistocene human occupation in south central Tasmania

Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (242) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cosgrove ◽  
Jim Allen ◽  
Brendan Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
South Central

Evidence for the late-Pleistocene and early-Holocene settlement of Tasmania is now offered by a growing number of sites in a variety of landscapes; among the more remarkable finds are cave-sites with evidence for human settlement of periglacial uplands before 30,000 BP. Good faunal assemblages and environmental records allow the reconstruction of a subsistence system different in character from those modelled on a European Pleistocene prototype.

scholarly journals Yedoma Ice Complex of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (southern Laptev Sea)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Schirrmeister ◽  
Georg Schwamborn ◽  
Pier Paul Overduin ◽  
Jens Strauss ◽  
Margret C. Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
South Central ◽  
Ice Complex

Abstract. The composition of permafrost deposits holds information on the paleo-environment during and following deposition. Sampling natural exposures and drilling are two methods used to access permafrost archives. In this study, we combine both approaches at the western coast of the Buor Khaya Peninsula in the south-central Laptev Sea (Siberia) to study late Pleistocene permafrost; namely the Yedoma Ice Complex (IC), which is prominent across much of eastern Siberia. Two Yedoma IC exposures and one drill core were studied for cryolithological (i.e. ice and sediment features), geochemical, and geochronological parameters. Borehole temperatures were measured for three years to capture the current thermal state of permafrost. The studied sequences were composed of ice-oversaturated silts and fine-grained sands with considerable amounts of organic matter (0.2 to 24 wt %). Syngenetic ice wedges intersect the frozen deposits. The deposition of the Yedoma IC, as revealed by radiocarbon dates of sedimentary organic matter, took place between 54.1 and 30.1 kyr BP. Continued Yedoma IC deposition until about 14.7 kyr BP is shown by dates from organic matter preserved in ice-wedge ice. For the lowermost and oldest Yedoma IC part, infrared-stimulated luminescence dates on feldspar show deposition ages between 51.1 ± 4.9 and 44.2 ± 3.6 kyr BP. End-member modelling was applied to grain-size-distribution data to unmix sedimentation processes during Yedoma IC formation. Three to five statistical end-members were detected within Yedoma IC deposits of different ages, which we interpret as signals of alluvial, proluvial, and aeolian transport and redeposition as well as in-situ frost weathering in a polygonal tundra landscape. The study captures the internal variation of Yedoma IC characteristics and puts its local stratigraphy into regional scale. The cryolithological inventory of the Yedoma IC preserved on the Buor Khaya Peninsula is closely related to the results of other IC studies, for example, to the west on the Bykovsky Peninsula, where formation time (mainly during the late Pleistocene MIS 3 interstadial) and conditions were similar. Local freezing conditions on Buor Khaya, however, differed, and created solute-enriched (salty) and isotopically-light porewater pointing to deep active-layer and thaw-bulb freezing after deposition. Due to intense coastal erosion, the biogeochemical signature of the studied Yedoma IC represents the terrestrial end-member for, and is closely related to organic matter currently being deposited in the marine realm of the Laptev Sea shelf.

Late Pleistocene glacial geomorphology and environment of the Hand Hills region and southern Alberta, related to Middle Wisconsin fossil prairie dog sites

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1567-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Young ◽  
J A Burns ◽  
R B Rains ◽  
D B Schowalter
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Prairie Dogs ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Prairie Dog ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
South Central ◽  
Glacial Environments

Ichnofossils (burrow casts) and fossils from an extinct form of prairie dog, Cynomys niobrarius churcherii, in the Hand Hills of south-central Alberta, have provided an important Late Pleistocene stratigraphic marker. The marker fossils provide relative and chronostratigraphic (radiocarbon) ages for nonglacial, periglacial, glacial, and glaciotectonic events and environments in the region. The high-elevation, hilltop position of the fossil sites (~200 m above the surrounding plains) permits reliable extrapolations of glacial environments to the surrounding region. The burrow casts were preserved by infilling from surrounding and overlying sediments through processes of inwashing and animal activity. Three thousand bones, primarily of the extinct prairie dog Cynomys niobrarius churcherii, were recovered from one site, and several hundred more from other locations. Accelerator radiocarbon dates (AMS) on bone collagen show that the prairie dogs lived in the area from at least 33 000 BP to around 22 000 BP. Prairie dog burrow casts crosscut well-developed periglacial structures and stratigraphically underlie all glacial sediments, indicating that harsh periglacial environments preceded their colonization and that the region was later submerged by Laurentide ice. Deformed sediments, 0.5 to 1.5 m thick, were found throughout the upland. The products of deformation overlie, truncate, and (or) incorporate burrow casts, indicating that only limited erosion and glacial deformation occurred during glaciation. Reconstructed ice sheet profiles show a northwest-southeast flow that could only have been achieved by coalescent Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. This demonstrates that a theoretical "ice-free corridor" that some think persisted between the ice sheets during the Late Wisconsin "maximum," did not exist.

scholarly journals The Impact of Accelerator Dating at the Early Village of Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 850-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
New Information ◽  
Wild Progenitors ◽  
The Impact

The early village of Abu Hureyra is significant because of its great size (ca. 11.5 ha) and long sequence of occupation (ca. 11,500–7000 bp) that spans the transition from late Pleistocene hunting and gathering to early Holocene farming, and the cultural change from Epipaleolithic to Neolithic. The 40 accelerator dates obtained for Abu Hureyra provide new information on the development of agriculture in Southwest Asia. The dates have demonstrated that the site was inhabited for much longer than the few conventional radiocarbon dates for the site had suggested. The gap between the Epipaleolithic and Neolithic villages seems to have been brief. A change in climate and vegetation, dated at ca. 10,600 BP, during the span of occupation of the Epipaleolithic village, precipitated an adjustment in the foraging way of life of its inhabitants just before the inception of agriculture. Dating of individual bones and seeds has shown that the wild progenitors of sheep and several cereals were present near Abu Hureyra in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, well outside their present areas of distribution. This has implications for where those species may have been domesticated. A rapid switch from exploitation of the gazelle to herding of sheep and goats during the Neolithic occupation occurred ca. 8300 bp.

The late Pleistocene Pilauco site, Osorno, south-central Chile

2013 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Pino ◽  
Martín Chávez-Hoffmeister ◽  
Ximena Navarro-Harris ◽  
Rafael Labarca
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central

scholarly journals A tanged point and two blade technologies from Rubha Port an t-Seilich, Isle of Islay, western Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Marie Berg-Hansen ◽  
Karen Wicks ◽  
Steven Mithen
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Technological Analysis ◽  
North Western

We describe a tanged point and a blade technology from Rubha Port an t-Seilich, Isle of Islay, Scotland that provides further support to a Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene presence in Scotland prior to the establishment of the narrow blade Mesolithic industry. The existing evidence for a Late Pleistocene or early Holocene presence comes from isolated finds of tanged points (Tiree, Shieldig, Brodgar), undated assemblages from disturbed contexts that are most likely Late Pleistocene in date (Howburn, Kilmefort Cave), and undated assemblages containing broad blade microliths (e.g., Glenbatrick, Morton). This article provides a summary of recent excavations and the stratigraphy at Rubha Port an t-Seilich, and a detailed analysis the lithic blade blank production at the site, which is, we believe, the first application of a chaîne opératoire based approach to a Scottish assemblage. The study includes comparisons with contemporary assemblages from north-western Europe. The significance of the Rubha Port an t-Seilich finds is threefold: (1) the relative large size of the assemblage that allows a technological analysis; (2) the finds partially derive from a stratified context below a narrow blade assemblage, associated with radiocarbon dates 9301-7750 cal. BP; and (3) further excavation can increase the sample size and potentially expose an in situ Late Pleistocene or early Holocene cultural horizon.

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