Bomb-pulse Radiocarbon Dating of Modern Paintings on Canvas

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) dating has previously been applied to modern paintings on canvas from the 20th century to identify potential modern forgeries, and dates indicate a time lag of several years between the harvesting of plant fibers for making canvas, and completion of a painting. This study investigated both the length of this time lag and the potential of 14C dating to inform about an individual artist’s mode of working (for example long-term storage or reuse of canvases, or extended reworking on a single canvas) and/or to establish a chronology for a corpus of work. Two pre-bomb and 16 post-bomb artworks by 17 mid-20th-century Scandinavian artists were 14C dated. The majority of post-bomb samples indicated a time lag of 2–5 years between the harvesting of the plants and completion of a painting, but some samples recorded lags of up to 10 years, and others produced much earlier results, potentially indicating the use of much older canvases or challenges removing contamination prior to dating. The importance of thorough pre-screening of canvas samples for both synthetic fibers and contaminants prior to dating, and selection of the most suitable calibration curve, are highlighted.

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Selection of Matrices for Immobilization of Actinide Fraction of HLW

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-757-ii3.29 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 757 ◽

Author(s):

A. V. Ochkin ◽

S. V. Stefanovsky ◽

S. I. Rovny

Keyword(s):

Storage Time ◽

Fission Products ◽

Alpha Activity ◽

Separation Method ◽

Fast Reactors ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Perovskite Ceramics ◽

Term Storage ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACTHLW after the separation of U, Pu and Np contains two major radionuclide groups: fission products and TRU elements. The later ones are the most dangerous and should be separated in the special actinide fraction. This process has been realized at PA “Mayak”.The composition of the actinide fraction depends on a separation method:A. Radionuclides of Am and Cm with minor amounts of U, Np and Pu.B. Radionuclides of Am and Cm with minor amounts of U, Np and Pu and also REEs.C. Radionuclides of Am and Cm with minor amounts of U, Np and Pu and also REEs and perhaps some amount of Zr.The fraction with composition A can be burned off in fast reactors whereas the fractions with compositions B and C should be immobilized in stable matrices. Alpha-Activity of actinide fraction is subsequently determined by 244Cm, 241Am, 244Am, 239Pu and 242Pu during a long-term storage. The storage time depends on conditions and can reach several hundreds of thousands years. The main requirements to matrices are chemical and radiation resistances. The fraction with composition B can be incorporated in perovskite ceramics whereas in case of composition C the additional zirconolite and/or pyrochlore phases are necessary.

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Selection of technological regime and cryoprotector for lyophilization of lactobacteria (Lactobacillus spp.)

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2020_186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 184-190

Author(s):

A.P. Paliy ◽

S.O. Gujvinska ◽

M.S. Alrawashdeh

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Skim Milk ◽

Technological Regime ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Term Storage ◽

Lactobacillus Spp ◽

Selection Of

Despite the success achieved in the comprehensive study of probiotic cultures, today there are a number of problems associated with the low viability of lactic acid bacteria during their processing and long-term storage in probiotics. Our work aimed to select the optimal technological regime and cryoprotectant to preserve the viability of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus spp. during their lyophilization. According to the results of the conducted researches, it is established that for freeze-drying of probiotic cultures Lactobacillus spp. in the facility LZ-45.27 (Frigera, Czech Republic) the most optimal is the mode which provides a rise of temperature within 45 hours from minus 70.0±1.0 °C to plus 26.0±1.0 °C with a speed of 2.2±0.1 °C/hour. It is effective to use protective media for lactobacilli, which consist of: skim milk (90%) and sucrose (10%); skim milk (90%) and lactose (10%); skim milk (90%), glucose (2.5%), sucrose (2.5%), lactose (5.0%) (P≤0.05). Freeze-drying of lactic acid bacteria under optimal conditions and the addition of cryoprotectants will avoid the problems associated with a significant reduction in the number of microbial cells. The results of research can be used for long-term storage of cultures of lactobacilli by their lyophilization.

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Průzkum sbírky fonografických válečků Českého muzea hudby

Muzeum Muzejní a vlastivedná práce ◽

10.37520/mmvp.2019.014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 59-70

Author(s):

Barbora Mašek Benetková ◽

Martin Mejzr ◽

Radka Šefců ◽

Filip Šír

Keyword(s):

Degradation Products ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

National Museum ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

History Of ◽

Representative Selection ◽

Term Storage ◽

Selection Of

The paper presents the interdisciplinary survey of the phonographic cylinders collection of National Museum – Czech Museum of Music. The text was created for the New Phonograph: Listening to the History of Sound project. The paper focuses on the characterisation of long-term storage of the collection and a common form of degradation – a fair overlay on the cylinder‘s surface. As for dealing with the wide spectrum of samples in the collection, the survey is focused on the most commonly occurring phonographic cylinders and their enclosures. A representative selection of samples was analysed to clarify the character of the degradation products and its origin.

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Physical conditions in the early Solar system and life origin: compatible models

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921319001960 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (S345) ◽

pp. 347-348

Author(s):

Mariya Ragulskaya ◽

Elizaveta Khramova ◽

Vladimir Obridko

Keyword(s):

Solar System ◽

Living Systems ◽

Early Solar System ◽

Physical Conditions ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Adaptive Technologies ◽

Term Storage ◽

Selection Of

AbstractThe article discusses the physical conditions in the early Solar system and on Earth, determining the origin, selection and development of the first living systems. The role of the young Sun dynamics, cosmic rays, magnetic fields and other protective shells of the Earth in the formation of the biosphere is emphasized. The selection of a single genetic code, ancient methods of long-term storage of energy and adaptive technologies of the first living systems occurred under the influence of cosmological and geophysical factors. A hypothesis was suggested that the accumulation of energy in polyphosphates without the participation of solar radiation could have ensured the survival of the primary biosphere in the conditions of the low luminosity of the young Sun.

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Accelerated Formulation Development of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) and mAb-Based Modalities

CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs ◽

10.1177/1087057114565593 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 468-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Vladimir I. Razinkov ◽

Michael J. Treuheit ◽

Gerald W. Becker

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

High Throughput ◽

Drug Product ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Formulation Development ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Term Storage ◽

Selection Of

More therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antibody-based modalities are in development today than ever before, and a faster and more accurate drug discovery process will ensure that the number of candidates coming to the biopharmaceutical pipeline will increase in the future. The process of drug product development and, specifically, formulation development is a critical bottleneck on the way from candidate selection to fully commercialized medicines. This article reviews the latest advances in methods of formulation screening, which allow not only the high-throughput selection of the most suitable formulation but also the prediction of stability properties under manufacturing and long-term storage conditions. We describe how the combination of automation technologies and high-throughput assays creates the opportunity to streamline the formulation development process starting from early preformulation screening through to commercial formulation development. The application of quality by design (QbD) concepts and modern statistical tools are also shown here to be very effective in accelerated formulation development of both typical antibodies and complex modalities derived from them.

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Modelling of Moisture Movement in Wood during Outdoor Storage

Nonlinear Analysis Modelling and Control ◽

10.15388/na.2001.6.1.15210 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 3-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. Baronas ◽

F. Ivanauskas ◽

I. Juodeikienė ◽

A. Kajalavičius

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Finite Difference ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Moisture Movement ◽

Finite Difference Technique ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Space Formulation ◽

Term Storage

A model of moisture movement in wood is presented in this paper in a two-dimensional-in-space formulation. The finite-difference technique has been used in order to obtain the solution of the problem. The model was applied to predict the moisture content in sawn boards from pine during long term storage under outdoor climatic conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the numerical solution and experimental data was obtained.

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