scholarly journals Průzkum sbírky fonografických válečků Českého muzea hudby

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Barbora Mašek Benetková ◽  
Martin Mejzr ◽  
Radka Šefců ◽  
Filip Šír
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Selection Of

The paper presents the interdisciplinary survey of the phonographic cylinders collection of National Museum – Czech Museum of Music. The text was created for the New Phonograph: Listening to the History of Sound project. The paper focuses on the characterisation of long-term storage of the collection and a common form of degradation – a fair overlay on the cylinder‘s surface. As for dealing with the wide spectrum of samples in the collection, the survey is focused on the most commonly occurring phonographic cylinders and their enclosures. A representative selection of samples was analysed to clarify the character of the degradation products and its origin.

Stability and epimerisation behaviour of ergot alkaloids in various solvents

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hafner ◽  
M. Sulyok ◽  
R. Schuhmacher ◽  
C. Crews ◽  
R. Krska
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Carbonate Buffer ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Extraction Mixture ◽  
Term Storage

In this paper the stability and degree of epimerisation of six major ergot alkaloids at three different temperature levels (-20 °C, +4 °C and +20 °C) over periods of 18 hours and six weeks is reported for the first time. The behaviour of ergometrine, ergocornine, ergocristine, α-ergocryptine, ergosine and ergotamine was thoroughly studied in seven solvents which are employed for the preparation of calibrants and extraction mixtures, respectively. Moreover, the stability of the ergot alkaloids was tested in different cereal extracts (rye, wheat, barley, oats) for 1, 2 and 6 days. Of the toxins tested, the ergopeptide-type toxins ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, α-ergocryptine and ergocristine showed similar behaviour patterns. The simple lysergic acid derivative ergometrine was more stable and showed hardly any epimerisation to ergometrinine, with the sum of both epimers remaining constant in all seven solvents. The ergopeptides tested show variable epimerisation tendencies, and were also less stable during six weeks at 20 °C. Ergosine showed the highest degree of epimerisation (43% after 6 weeks at 20 °C). In general, the order of epimerisation promotion was methanol/dichloromethane > acetonitrile/buffer > extraction mix > stabilising solution > acetonitrile >> chloroform. Long-term storage at room temperature can only be carried out in chloroform, which showed no epimerisation for all toxins even at 20 °C and also kept the sum of R and S forms constant, which indicates no formation of aci-epimers or other degradation products. Long-term storage of ergot alkaloids in acetonitrile, the most convenient solvent with respect to HPLC analysis, should be carried out at temperatures of -20 °C or below. The constant epimer ratio of all ergot alkaloids in the extraction mixture acetonitrile/ammonium carbonate buffer (200 mg/l; 92:8, v/v) during an HPLC run (18 hours) demonstrates the stability of the toxins in this extraction mixture.

scholarly journals Just-in-Time Compound Pooling Increases Primary Screening Capacity without Compromising Screening Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Elkin ◽  
D. G. Harden ◽  
S. Saldanha ◽  
H. Ferguson ◽  
D. L. Cheney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Term Storage

Compound pooling, or multiplexing more than one compound per well during primary high-throughput screening (HTS), is a controversial approach with a long history of limited success. Many issues with this approach likely arise from long-term storage of library plates containing complex mixtures of compounds at high concentrations. Due to the historical difficulties with using multiplexed library plates, primary HTS often uses a one-compound–one-well approach. However, as compound collections grow, innovative strategies are required to increase the capacity of primary screening campaigns. Toward this goal, we have developed a novel compound pooling method that increases screening capacity without compromising data quality. This method circumvents issues related to the long-term storage of complex compound mixtures by using acoustic dispensing to enable “just-in-time” compound pooling directly in the assay well immediately prior to assay. Using this method, we can pool two compounds per well, effectively doubling the capacity of a primary screen. Here, we present data from pilot studies using just-in-time pooling, as well as data from a large >2-million-compound screen using this approach. These data suggest that, for many targets, this method can be used to vastly increase screening capacity without significant reduction in the ability to detect screening hits.

scholarly journals ASTRONOMICAL GLASS PLATE NEGATIVES: MONITORING OF EMULSION LAYER DETERIORATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
L. Miskova ◽  
P. Novák ◽  
R. Hudec ◽  
M. Novotná
Keyword(s):  
Glass Plate ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Glass Layer ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Emulsion Layer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Period ◽  
Term Storage

One of the techniques for making photographic negatives most used in the history of photography were gelatin glass plates. This technique was used not only in the artistic field but also and mainly in the scientific field. The main period when glass plate negatives were used in astronomy was between 1890–1980. There are over 7 million of these negatives all over the word and they carry valuable historical scientific data. However, during the long-term storage of this material, deterioration of the emulsion (picture) layer and/or the support (glass) layer has occurred. In this paper we report on our preliminary results from an analysis of the yellowing of the emulsion layer and of gold micro-spots. Both phenomena worsen the readability of the information in the photograph, and it is necessary to prevent their formation, which is why we need to know as much as possible about their origin.

Selection of Matrices for Immobilization of Actinide Fraction of HLW

2002 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Ochkin ◽  
S. V. Stefanovsky ◽  
S. I. Rovny
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Fast Reactors ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Perovskite Ceramics ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTHLW after the separation of U, Pu and Np contains two major radionuclide groups: fission products and TRU elements. The later ones are the most dangerous and should be separated in the special actinide fraction. This process has been realized at PA “Mayak”.The composition of the actinide fraction depends on a separation method:A. Radionuclides of Am and Cm with minor amounts of U, Np and Pu.B. Radionuclides of Am and Cm with minor amounts of U, Np and Pu and also REEs.C. Radionuclides of Am and Cm with minor amounts of U, Np and Pu and also REEs and perhaps some amount of Zr.The fraction with composition A can be burned off in fast reactors whereas the fractions with compositions B and C should be immobilized in stable matrices. Alpha-Activity of actinide fraction is subsequently determined by 244Cm, 241Am, 244Am, 239Pu and 242Pu during a long-term storage. The storage time depends on conditions and can reach several hundreds of thousands years. The main requirements to matrices are chemical and radiation resistances. The fraction with composition B can be incorporated in perovskite ceramics whereas in case of composition C the additional zirconolite and/or pyrochlore phases are necessary.

scholarly journals Bomb-pulse Radiocarbon Dating of Modern Paintings on Canvas

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Brock ◽  
Nicholas Eastaugh ◽  
Thierry Ford ◽  
Joyce H Townsend
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) dating has previously been applied to modern paintings on canvas from the 20th century to identify potential modern forgeries, and dates indicate a time lag of several years between the harvesting of plant fibers for making canvas, and completion of a painting. This study investigated both the length of this time lag and the potential of 14C dating to inform about an individual artist’s mode of working (for example long-term storage or reuse of canvases, or extended reworking on a single canvas) and/or to establish a chronology for a corpus of work. Two pre-bomb and 16 post-bomb artworks by 17 mid-20th-century Scandinavian artists were 14C dated. The majority of post-bomb samples indicated a time lag of 2–5 years between the harvesting of the plants and completion of a painting, but some samples recorded lags of up to 10 years, and others produced much earlier results, potentially indicating the use of much older canvases or challenges removing contamination prior to dating. The importance of thorough pre-screening of canvas samples for both synthetic fibers and contaminants prior to dating, and selection of the most suitable calibration curve, are highlighted.

scholarly journals Selection of technological regime and cryoprotector for lyophilization of lactobacteria (Lactobacillus spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
A.P. Paliy ◽  
S.O. Gujvinska ◽  
M.S. Alrawashdeh
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Technological Regime ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Selection Of

Despite the success achieved in the comprehensive study of probiotic cultures, today there are a number of problems associated with the low viability of lactic acid bacteria during their processing and long-term storage in probiotics. Our work aimed to select the optimal technological regime and cryoprotectant to preserve the viability of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus spp. during their lyophilization. According to the results of the conducted researches, it is established that for freeze-drying of probiotic cultures Lactobacillus spp. in the facility LZ-45.27 (Frigera, Czech Republic) the most optimal is the mode which provides a rise of temperature within 45 hours from minus 70.0±1.0 °C to plus 26.0±1.0 °C with a speed of 2.2±0.1 °C/hour. It is effective to use protective media for lactobacilli, which consist of: skim milk (90%) and sucrose (10%); skim milk (90%) and lactose (10%); skim milk (90%), glucose (2.5%), sucrose (2.5%), lactose (5.0%) (P≤0.05). Freeze-drying of lactic acid bacteria under optimal conditions and the addition of cryoprotectants will avoid the problems associated with a significant reduction in the number of microbial cells. The results of research can be used for long-term storage of cultures of lactobacilli by their lyophilization.

Physical conditions in the early Solar system and life origin: compatible models

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S345) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Author(s):  
Mariya Ragulskaya ◽  
Elizaveta Khramova ◽  
Vladimir Obridko
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Adaptive Technologies ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe article discusses the physical conditions in the early Solar system and on Earth, determining the origin, selection and development of the first living systems. The role of the young Sun dynamics, cosmic rays, magnetic fields and other protective shells of the Earth in the formation of the biosphere is emphasized. The selection of a single genetic code, ancient methods of long-term storage of energy and adaptive technologies of the first living systems occurred under the influence of cosmological and geophysical factors. A hypothesis was suggested that the accumulation of energy in polyphosphates without the participation of solar radiation could have ensured the survival of the primary biosphere in the conditions of the low luminosity of the young Sun.

scholarly journals Accelerated Formulation Development of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) and mAb-Based Modalities

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Razinkov ◽  
Michael J. Treuheit ◽  
Gerald W. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Selection Of

More therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antibody-based modalities are in development today than ever before, and a faster and more accurate drug discovery process will ensure that the number of candidates coming to the biopharmaceutical pipeline will increase in the future. The process of drug product development and, specifically, formulation development is a critical bottleneck on the way from candidate selection to fully commercialized medicines. This article reviews the latest advances in methods of formulation screening, which allow not only the high-throughput selection of the most suitable formulation but also the prediction of stability properties under manufacturing and long-term storage conditions. We describe how the combination of automation technologies and high-throughput assays creates the opportunity to streamline the formulation development process starting from early preformulation screening through to commercial formulation development. The application of quality by design (QbD) concepts and modern statistical tools are also shown here to be very effective in accelerated formulation development of both typical antibodies and complex modalities derived from them.

Modelling of Moisture Movement in Wood during Outdoor Storage

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baronas ◽  
F. Ivanauskas ◽  
I. Juodeikienė ◽  
A. Kajalavičius
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Finite Difference Technique ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Space Formulation ◽  
Term Storage

A model of moisture movement in wood is presented in this paper in a two-dimensional-in-space formulation. The finite-difference technique has been used in order to obtain the solution of the problem. The model was applied to predict the moisture content in sawn boards from pine during long term storage under outdoor climatic conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the numerical solution and experimental data was obtained.

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