Time Trends in Neonatal Mortality Among Twins and Singletons in New York City, 1968–1986

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compute yearly neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) in twins and compare these to rates in singletons during the same time period. The focus was on time trends in birthweight-specific twin mortality in the birth population of New York City during the years 1968 to 1986. The study population was all twin livebirths ≥ 500 g birthweight (N = 45,605), with a comparison group of all singleton livebirths in the same birthweight range (N = 2,191,144). Data came from the New York City Department of Health's computerized vital records on livebirths and infant deaths. Between 1968 and 1986 the crude NMR declined 39% in twins and 47% in singletons. In twins there were birthweight-specific declines of 69% to 84% between 1000 g and 2499 g. However, there was only a 19% decline in the twin NMR over 2499 g. This contrasts with a 50% decline in the singleton NMR over 2499 g. In New York City, modern medical care has been remarkably successful in lowering the NMR in low birthweight twins. However, more effort must be made to understand the etiology of perinatal problems in twins with birth weights greater than 2500 g.

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Antecedents of Low Birthweight in Harlem, New York City

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/1.4.375 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 375-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

DAVID RUSH ◽

HILLARD DAVIS ◽

MERVYN SUSSER

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Low Birthweight

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Factors associated with survival in patients with COVID -19 admitted to a community hospital in New York City

Journal of Lung Pulmonary & Respiratory Research ◽

10.15406/jlprr.2021.08.00247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Ajay P Singh ◽

Ahmed Shady ◽

Ejiro Gbaje ◽

Marlon Oliva ◽

Samantha Golden Espinal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

York City ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Community Hospital ◽

Cox Regression ◽

The Elderly ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Study Population

Introduction: COVID-19 has been associated with increased mortality in old age, hypertension and male gender. Higher prevalence of increased body mass index (BMI), mechanical ventilation and renal failure has been found in the patients admitted to our New York City community hospital; accordingly we aim to explore the association between these parameters and survival in our patients. Methods: Retrospective review of patients admitted with the COVID-19 disease March 14 to April 30 of 2020. Analysis using Cox regression models, Log rank tests and Kaplan Meier curves was done for a total of 326 patients that met our criteria. Results: The adjusted odds of death for those at least 75 years of age were higher than those within the age group of 18 to 44 years. The patients with over 92% oxygen saturation had lower adjusted odds of death than those with 88 to 92% oxygen saturation (Odds Ratio (OR)=0.2, 95% CI=0.06, 0.70), as well as lower adjusted hazard of dying (Hazard Ratio (HR)=0.4, 95% CI=0.21, 0.87). Intubation was associated with a higher adjusted odds ratio (OR=57.8, 95% CI=17.74, 188.30) and adjusted hazard ratio HR=5.4 (95% CI=2.59, 11.21) for death. After controlling for age and gender, neither levels of serum D-dimer nor creatinine were found to be significantly associated with mortality The factors that comprise metabolic syndrome, i.e., elevated BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, were found to have no significant association with the outcome of death after controlling for age and sex and they also had no significant association with the time until death. Conclusions: In the study population, COVID-19 was associated with increased mortality in patients who required intubation, and in the elderly, which may be explained by changes in the immune system over time. Elevated BMI, though not statistically significant, was present in the majority of our study population, which may have contributed to the group's high mortality.

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Relative disease burdens of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in New York City, February 1 - April 18, 2020

10.1101/2020.04.22.20073551 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jeremy Samuel Faust ◽

Carlos del Rio

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

The United States ◽

Time Interval ◽

Time Period ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Mortality Estimates

AbstractComparisons between the mortality burdens of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza often fail to account for the fact that the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports annual influenza mortality estimates which are calculated based upon a series of assumptions about the underreporting of flu deaths. COVID-19 deaths, in contrast, are being reported as raw counts. In this report, we compare COVID-19 death counts to seasonal influenza death counts in New York City during the interval from February 1 - April 18, 2020. Using this approach, COVID-19 appears to have caused 21.4 times the number of deaths as seasonal influenza during the same period. We also assessed excess mortality in order to verify this finding. New York City has had approximately 13,032 excess all-cause mortality deaths during this time period. We assume that most of these deaths are COVID-19 related. We therefore calculated the ratio of excess deaths (i.e. assumed COVID-19 deaths) to seasonal influenza deaths during the same time interval and found a similar ratio of 21.1 COVID-19 to seasonal influenza deaths. Our findings are consistent with conditions on the ground today. Comparing COVID-19 deaths with CDC estimates of yearly influenza-related deaths would suggest that, this year, seasonal influenza has killed approximately the same number of Americans as COVID-19 has. This does not comport with the realities of the pandemic we see today.

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Perinatal Mortality in New York City. Responsible Factors. A Study of 955 Deaths by the Subcommittee on Neonatal Mortality, Committee on Public Health Relations, the New York Academy of Medicine.Schuyler G. Kohl

The Quarterly Review of Biology ◽

10.1086/402186 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 442-442

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Perinatal Mortality ◽

York City ◽

York Academy

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FACTORS PERTAINING TO PROLONGED PREGNANCY AND ITS OUTCOME

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.40.2.202 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 202-212

Author(s):

Michael A. Zwerdling

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Child Health ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

York City ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Development Studies ◽

Term Infants ◽

Health And Development ◽

Prolonged Pregnancy

Pregnancies extending more than 3 weeks beyond the expected date of confinement were studied among 9,719 single, white births from the Child Health and Development Studies in Oakland, California, and 358,702 births representing all white, singleton pregnancies in New York City terminating from 1957 through 1959. The incidence of prolonged pregnancy was 7.3% in the Child Health and Development Studies and 5.4% in New York City. Younger women, primigravidas, and women of high parity showed an increased incidence. Fetal and neonatal mortality rates were approximately doubled in prolonged pregnancy in both Oakland and New York City. This relationship held for both primiparas and multiparas, for antepartum and intrapartum fetal deaths, and for all major causes of fetal and neonatal mortality. Post-term infants weighing less than 2,500 gm (5½lb) had a neonatal mortality rate seven times the rate for prolonged pregnancies as a whole. There was no increase in neonatal mortality among post-term infants weighing more than 4,100 gm (9 lb) compared with prolonged pregnancy infants between 2,500 and 4,100 gm (5½ to 9 lb). There was a slightly increased incidence of congenital anomalies in the prolonged gestation group. Neonatal mortality in infants with severe congenital anomalies was substantially higher in prolonged pregnancy. The excess mortality experience of prolonged pregnancy children continued for at least the first 2 years of life. Hospitalization and clinic visit data also implied a poorer health status in these children over the first 3 years of life. Data on growth and intelligence revealed no difference between children with prolonged and normal gestation in a small group examined at age 5. There were no gross placental findings to support the hypothesis of placental senility as a cause of pathology in prolonged pregnancies. A tendency was noted for prolonged pregnancy to recur in successive gestations.

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