Who Polices the Administrative State?

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH LOWANDE
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Negligible Effect ◽  
Administrative State ◽  
Public Auditing ◽  
George Bush ◽  
Bureaucratic Oversight ◽  
Ideological Conflict ◽  
Bureaucratic Agencies

Scholarship on oversight of the bureaucracy typically conceives of legislatures as unitary actors. But most oversight is conducted by individual legislators who contact agencies directly. I acquire the correspondence logs of 16 bureaucratic agencies and re-evaluate the conventional proposition that ideological disagreement drives oversight. I identify the effect of this disagreement by exploiting the transition from George Bush to Barack Obama, which shifted the ideological orientation of agencies through turnover in agency personnel. Contrary to existing research, I find ideological conflict has a negligible effect on oversight, whereas committee roles and narrow district interests are primary drivers. The findings may indicate that absent incentives induced by public auditing, legislator behavior is driven by policy valence concerns rather than ideology. The results further suggest collective action in Congress may pose greater obstacles to bureaucratic oversight than previously thought.

Public Wealth in USA: Distribution and Financing

2014 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
A. Shlikhter
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
George Bush ◽  
The Usa

The article focuses on the state regulation and financing of public wealth in the USA. The author analyses historical trends in managing of state social programs within the system “federation – states – local units”. Special attention is given to the concepts and practices of federative relations in the context of US socioeconomic development. The article also evaluates the reforms of state machinery conducted during the terms of Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, George Bush (Jr.) and Barack Obama administrations.

Epilogue

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Kristy L. Slominski
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Federal Funding ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Religious Influence ◽  
George Bush ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Abstinence Only ◽  
Religious Actors

The epilogue discusses the enormous power of recent presidential administrations to mold sex education through federal funding initiatives. Since 1996, the country has seen the pendulum in full swing, from the increase in abstinence-only support under President George Bush, to advancement of comprehensive sexuality education under President Barack Obama, to serious efforts to shift funds toward abstinence-only programs under current President Donald Trump. The legacies of religious sex educators established select terms of these discussions, especially in portrayals of what is at stake. Throughout this history, religious people have proven that the concept of morality could be used to expand discourses of sexuality beyond physical considerations, to limit these discussions to the restriction of sexual activity, or, in most cases, both. Contrary to narratives that pit secular sex education against religious actors, religious influence has been and continues to be both multidimensional and pervasive in the development of sex education.

scholarly journals The Patrimonial Turn In The American State

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Broxmeyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative State ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Political Entrepreneurs ◽  
Modern Experience ◽  
American State

Donald Trump’s presidency represents a “patrimonial turn” in the American state. The trend is departure from modern experience, particularly the fusion of personal business and officeholding functions. Yet, governance by family and friends has deep historical roots. The nineteenth-century spoils system mixed public administration with party and personal business in a way that rhymes with recent developments. The Long Reagan Coalition’s project to deconstruct the administrative state has reopened the door to sweeping bureaucratic experimentation by political entrepreneurs like Trump and his appointees. Today, patrimonialism has emerged as a management vehicle to solve problems of collective action, binding together an unstable, and otherwise unlikely, political alliance. Debates on de-democratization in the United States would be well served by examining the implantation of patrimonialism in historical and comparative perspective.

scholarly journals Transformation of the U. S. National Strategy for Counterterrorism during the presidency of Barack Obama

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Tamara Guramovna Marzoeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
White House ◽  
George Bush ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation

Tracing the evolution of Barack Obama's National Strategy for Counterterrorism is relevant for a variety of reasons. First and foremost, foreign policy and globalist trends were the reason for coming to power of the next president-isolationist Donald Trump. Secondly, many experts believe that the current administration of the White House pursues a successive foreign policy course namely in relation to the concept of B. Obama. And ultimately, consideration of the factors that affect the transformation of foreign policy strategy, and its counterterrorism component in particular, may contribute to forecasting similar processes under other administrations. The conclusion is made that Barack Obama preferred multilateral cooperation over unilateral coercive course; and the vector towards harmonization of relations with the Muslim world triggered the revision of the “struggle against terrorism” paradigm of George Bush Jr. B. Obama’s administration declared the transition from the concept of preventive strikes towards the concept of “smart power” and “leading from behind”, which manifested in the course of anti-terrorist operation in Syria. The author notes that the activity of Barack Obama in countering international terrorism is characterized by the departure from the tactics of conducting large-scale and costly wars of George Bush Jr. to joint targeted counterterrorism operations.

THE PROGRESSIVE ORIGINS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE: WILSON, GOODNOW, AND LANDIS

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Pestritto
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Administrative State ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Bureaucratic Agencies ◽  
Franklin Roosevelt ◽  
The New Deal

The American administrative state is a feature of the new liberalism that is largely irreconcilable with the old, founding-era liberalism. At its core, the administrative state, with its delegation of legislative power to the bureaucracy, combination of functions within bureaucratic agencies, and weakening of presidential control over administration undercuts the separation-of-powers principle that is the base of the founders' Constitution. The animating idea behind the features of the administrative state is the separation of politics and administration, which was championed by James Landis, the New-Deal architect of the administrative state for President Franklin Roosevelt. The idea of separating politics and administration, and the faith such a separation requires in the objectivity of administrators, did not originate with Landis or the New Deal but, instead, with the Progressives who had come a generation earlier. Both Woodrow Wilson and Frank Goodnow were pioneers in advocating the separation of politics and administration, and made it the centerpiece of their broad arguments for constitutional reform.

scholarly journals Evolution of US foreign policy: from George Bush to Barack Obama

2016 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Dmytro Lakishyk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
George Bush ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Open Markets

The article analyzes the doctrinal and geostrategic foundation of the US foreign policy in the period from George Bush to Barack Obama. We argue that the fundamental approach G.W. Bush was formally based on the concept of critical geopolitics, which made possible to use all known forms of influence to change the political and economic state systems in its focus. Further, we show that key means of implementing this strategy were: the rejection of isolationism and protectionism; focus on leadership as an alternative to isolationism; free and fair trade and open markets as opposed to protectionism; preventive influence on events. The Obama administration demonstrates a clear commitment to multilateralism in making and implementing decisions that carry global significance. The proposed Barack Obama’s foreign policy strategy contains a number of important innovations of tactical and strategic nature: in particular, for the first time it combines all of the key tools of American influence – diplomacy, economic instruments, military strength and intelligence; national security forces to serve geopolitical interests. We discuss four aspects of the foreign policy – security; economic prosperity; promotion of «universal values»; strengthening of world order under the American leadership. International political strategy of the USA maintains a global focus, which requires daily reinforcement of global leadership and safeguarding of the active ties with allies and partners. US maintain a unique set of tools that enable a targeted and multidimensional influence on the world economy and international relations. At the same time, US foreign policy is becoming more balanced and restrained, avoiding excessive obligations, risk or resources.

scholarly journals La crisis de la hegemonía de Estados Unidos

Criterios ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-267
Author(s):  
Karen Correa Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Barack Obama ◽  
George Bush

Este artículo pretende exponer algunos aspectos, en los que Estados Unidos, ha perdido su hegemonía, en lo político, económico, militar e ideológico; y para entender mejor la hegemonía de Estados Unidos, se hablara de las uniones o rupturas que han presentado los gobiernos de George Bush y Barack Obama, al igual que se demostraran los postulados ideológicos de la elite neoconservadora en la política exterior norteamericana.

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