A note on the effects of exogenous progesterone and oestrone during early gestation on farrowing performance in gilts

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Knight ◽  
D. L. Dalton ◽  
K. L. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone

ABSTRACTAdministration of exogenous progesterone (0-55 mg/kg live weight) and oestrone (0-275μg/kg live weight) during various discrete intervals between days 4 and 30 of gestation elicited variable results depending upon the time and duration of administration. Administration of the combined steroids early in gestation (days 4 to 20, trial 1; days 4 to 12, trial 2) tended to affect farrowing performance adversely. In general, advantageous effects on farrowing performance occurred when treatment with exogenous progesterone and oestrone was initiated at day 12 or later of gestation.

Contribution of exogenous progesterone to human adrenal cortisol synthesis in vitro: A comparison of early gestation fetal and adult tissues

Steroids ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte L Branchaud ◽  
Lisa Lipowski ◽  
Bilkis Dhanani ◽  
Cynthia G Goodyer ◽  
Yves Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Early Gestation ◽  
Adult Tissues ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone

Selective enhancement of growth in twin foetuses by shearing ewes in early gestation

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Morris ◽  
S. N. McCutcheon
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Birth Rank ◽  
Selective Enhancement ◽  
Selective Increase ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractShearing ewes during pregnancy frequently increases the birth weight of lambs. In housed ewes, the birth weight responses are greatest when shearing occurs relatively early in pregnancy. This study examined the effects of the timing and method of shearing on foetal growth, as measured by birth weight, in ewes at pasture. Border Leicester × Romney ewes were allocated at day 50 of pregnancy to: four ‘time of shearing’ treatments — pregnancy day 70 (P70), P100, P130 (no. = 60 for each treatment) and unshorn (no. = 34); two methods of shearing (by standard comb or cover comb); and two levels of pregnancy/rearing rank All ewes had been mated over a 14-day period and grazed pasture together throughout the trial The mid-point of lambing was 17 August.At no time during pregnancy or lactation did ewe live weight differences between the groups exceed 4 kg. Ewes shorn by cover comb were heavier prior to lambing and during lactation than standard comb-shorn ewes. Time of shearing, method of shearing and ewe rearing rank had no effect on ewe annual greasy fleece production. There was a highly significant (P < 0·001) interaction between the effects of birth rank and time of shearing on lamb birth weight. Time of shearing did not affect birth weight of single-born lambs but birth weight of twin lambs increased with earlier maternal shearing to a maximum of 0·7 kg (per lamb) in those born to ewes shorn on P70. These results imply that shearing reduced the greater extent of maternal constraint which applies to the growth of twin v. single foetuses in utero. This selective increase in birth weights of twins achieved by early pregnancy shearing may have advantages in reducing lamb mortality.

The effects of food level during lactation and early gestation on the reproductive performance of mature sows

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 437-445
Author(s):  
P. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Level ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Large White ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Early Gestation

AbstractSeventy-six Large White × Landrace sows from parities 2 to 6 were allocated to one of four treatments at day 110 of gestation on a parity and live-weight basis. The four treatments involved food levels of either 3 or 6 kg/day during a 28-day lactation followed by either 1·75 or 3·50 kg/day during the first 28 days of gestation. Litter size suckled was standardized at 10 piglets wherever possible. Live weight and backfat changes were monitored in all sows and litter growth and survival rates were recorded. Post weaning all sows were given daily boar contact and mated twice at the first observed oestrus. A single blood sample was collected from each sow at days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of gestation for determination of plasma progesterone concentration. Data on litter size and piglet birth weights were collected at the subsequent parturition. Sows low-fed during lactation lost significantly more live weight (31·2v.5·8 kg,P&lt; 0·01) and P2 backfat (3·6v.1·9 mm,P&lt; 0·05) in lactation than did high-fed sows. Underfeeding the lactating sow also significantly reduced the weaning weight of the litter (62·3v.68·7 kg for low-v.high-fed sows,P&lt; 0·05), but did not significantly change either creep food intake by the litter or pre-weaning mortality rate. Parity 2 sows weaned significantly heavier piglets and litters than did sows from parities 3 to 6 (7·48 and 74·9 kgv.6·72 and 63·8 kg respectively,P&lt; 0·01). Food level in lactation did not significantly influence the length of the rebreeding interval (6·3v.7·3 days for high-v.low-fed sows) and although there was a two-fold difference in the proportion of sows failing to exhibit oestrus post weaning (0·08v.0·16 for high-v.low-fed sows) this difference was also not significant. Lactation food level did not significantly influence either sow live-weight or backfat change in gestation, plasma progesterone concentrations during early gestation or subsequent litter size. However, sows low-fed in lactation did tend to produce fewer piglets in the subsequent litter (9·54v.10·75 piglets born alive for low- and high-fed sows respectively,P= 0·062). Post-weaning reproductive performance was significantly affected by sow live weight (P&lt; 0·05) and backfat (P&lt; 0·01) at parturition, and live weight (P&lt; 0·01) and backfat (P&lt; 0·05) at weaning, but not by changes in these parameters during lactation. Food level in early gestation did not significantly influence either plasma progesterone concentrations, the size of the subsequent litter (10·09v.20·29 piglets born alive for high- and low-fed sows respectively) or mean piglet birth weight (1·27v.2·22 kg for high- and low-fed sows respectively). It is concluded that (1) both lactation food level and parity may alter pre-weaning piglet growth, and (2) the effects of lactation food level on the subsequent reproductive performance of mature sows appear to be different from those seen in parity 1 sows.

scholarly journals PROGESTAMAG® – AN EFFECTIVE REMEDY FOR INCREASE OF REPRODUCTIVE INDICATORS IN SWINE-BREEDING

PIG-BREEDING ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
A.V. FILATOV ◽  
◽  
V.S. LOBANOV ◽  
V.P. KHLOPITSKY ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Effective Remedy

The optimal frequency of administration and terms use of preparation Progestamag® for increased level of reproduction in sows are defined. The efficiency this hormonal progesterone-containing preparation in the critical period pregnancy of animals is revealed. Experimental studies have shown that injection of exogenous progesterone during early gestation contributes increase level of fertilization and multiple fetation of breeding stock pigs.

scholarly journals The Greater Proportion of Born-Light Progeny from Sows Mated in Summer Contributes to Increased Carcass Fatness Observed in Spring

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2080
Author(s):  
Fan Liu ◽  
Erin M. Ford ◽  
Rebecca S. Morrison ◽  
Chris J. Brewster ◽  
David J. Henman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The backfat of pig carcasses is greater in spring than summer in Australia. The unexplained seasonal variation in carcass backfat creates complications for pig producers in supplying consistent lean carcasses. As a novel explanation, we hypothesised that the increased carcass fatness in spring was due to a greater percentage of born-light progeny from sows that were mated in summer and experienced hot conditions during early gestation. The first part of our experiment compared the birth weight of piglets born to the sows mated in summer (February, the Southern Hemisphere) with those born to sows mated in autumn (May; the Southern Hemisphere), and the second part of the experiment compared the growth performance and carcass fatness of the progeny that were stratified as born-light (0.7–1.1 kg) and born-normal (1.3–1.7 kg) from the sows mated in these two seasons. The results showed that the sows mated in summer experienced hotter conditions during early gestation as evidenced by an increased respiration rate and rectal temperature, compared with those mated in autumn. The sows mated in summer had a greater proportion of piglets that were born ≤1.1 kg (24.2% vs. 15.8%, p < 0.001), lower average piglet birth weight (1.39 kg vs. 1.52 kg, p < 0.001), lower total litter weights (18.9 kg vs. 19.5 kg, p = 0.044) and lower average placental weight (0.26 vs. 0.31 kg, p = 0.011) than those mated in autumn, although litter sizes were similar. Feed intake and growth rate of progeny from 14 weeks of age to slaughter (101 kg live weight) were greater for the born-normal than born-light pigs within the progeny from sows mated in autumn, but there was no difference between the born-light and normal progeny from sows mated in summer, as evidenced by the interaction between piglet birth weight and sow mating season (Both p < 0.05). Only the born-light piglets from the sows mated in summer had a greater backfat thickness and loin fat% than the progeny from the sows mated in autumn, as evidenced by a trend of interaction between piglet birth weight and sow mating season (Both p < 0.10). In conclusion, the increased proportion of born-light piglets (0.7–1.1 kg range) from the sows mated in summer contributed to the increased carcass fatness observed in spring.

Effects of maternal nutrition and plasma progesterone concentrations on survival and growth of the sheep embryo in early gestation

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Parr ◽  
I. A. Cumming ◽  
I. J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Secretion Rates

SUMMARYMature Merino ewes (n = 320) were fed either maintenance (100% M) or 25% maintenance (25% M) rations from the day after mating until embryos were collected at either day 11 or 21 after mating. On the 4th day after mating 223 ewes were ovariectomized and given 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 mg progesterone/day (intramuscular) until embryo collection. A further group of sham operated ewes (n = 54) acted as controls. Despite live-weight losses of 10·7 and 15·8% from mating to days 11 and 21 after mating respectively, ewes on 25% M rations showed no evidence that embryonic survival was influenced by undernutrition. The embryos from ewes fed 25 % M rations were significantly (P < 0·05) smaller than those fed 100% M (crown-rump measurements were 5·93 ± 0·139 mm and 6·39 ± 0·116 mm at day 21 after mating in the 25 % M and 100% M groups respectively). Development, assessed by formation of the first pharangeal lobe and the fore- and hind-limb buds, was significantly retarded (P < 0·05) in the 21-day-old embryos from the undernourished ewes. Embryo survival in ovariectomized ewes receiving 5 or 10 mg progesterone/day was significantly (P < 0·05) lower than in ovariectomized ewes receiving 20 and 25 mg progesterone/ day at day 11 after mating. Embryo survival at both days 11 and 21 after mating increased with increasing doses of progesterone. Ewes fed 25% M rations had elevated (P< 0·001) concentrations of peripheral progesterone compared with those fed 100% M. This occurred when the progesterone was derived from either exogenous or endogenous (ovarian) sources, dismissing the possibility that changes in secretion rates could account for these observed differences. Differences in embryo growth and development were not related to these variations in the plasma progesterone concentration. Undernutrition restricted both growth and development to 21 days of pregnancy.

Systolic and diastolic heart function in early gestation between 5–10 weeks

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Wloch ◽  
W Rozmus-Warcholinska ◽  
B Czuba ◽  
D Borowski ◽  
K Sodowski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Function ◽  
Early Gestation

A case study on year round fodder production scheme for smallholder dairy producers in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
NR Sarker ◽  
F Tabassum D Yeasmin ◽  
MA Habib ◽  
MR Amin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Fodder Production

This study was undertaken to develop a year round fodder production model for small scale dairy farmers. Five pregnant dairy cows of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) genotype were selected. For rearing five cows, 66 decimal of land was selected from existing fodder plots under Pachutia Research Farm at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. The selected land was divided into two parts (33 decimal in each). One part was brought under perennial (Napier-4 and Splendida) and the 2nd part of land for seasonal (Maize & Matikalai) fodder production. Data on live weight and live weight gain of cows, birth weight of calves, feed intake, milk production, actual biomass yield for both perennial and seasonal fodder, yearly manure production were recorded and calculated. Napier-4 grass, splendida, maize, straw, silage were supplied to the experimental cows according to the seasonal availability in different months. Concentrate mixture were also supplied consisting of wheat bran, kheshari (red gram), soybean meal, maize crushed, til oil cake, DCP and common salt. Economics of the model revealed that considering the sale of milk, calves and manure and cost included only feed and land leased, a farm/family rearing 5 indigenous dairy cows with his/her family labours, he/she could earn around BDT 98 thousand in a year (1$ = 85 BDT) and the benefit cost ratio of the model on total variable cost and total cost were 1.86 and 1.66, respectively. Therefore, it may be recommended that a farmer having 5 adult dairy cows with 66 decimal land under fodder cultivation may earn substantial share of his/her family income as small-scale rural dairying. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 89-102

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