THE CURRENT STATE OF SELECTION AND BREEDING WORK IN SELECTION-GENETIC AND SELECTION-HYBRID CENTERS

An analysis of the state of breeding work in pig-breeding was carried out. The characteristics of the existing organizational structure of pig breeding in the Russian Federation are given, its shortcomings are shown taking into account the zoning of the location of selection and genetic centers. Technological disadvantages of operation of selection-genetic and selection-hybrid centers have been revealed.

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME OF LANDRACE PIGS

The paper presents the results of a study of the D-loop area in Landrace pigs (n=49). Amplification of the mtDNA D-loop fragment was performed according to Sanger's method. The experiments showed that modern Landrace pigs in the breeding farms of the Russian Federation are distinguished by a sufficient intra-breed diversity and have different haplotypes that belong to both the European and Asian haplogroups.

FODDER BEHAVIOR FEATURES OF LANDRAS BREED BOARS IN CONNECTION WITH PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC FEATURES VARIABILITY

Currently, realization and improvement of genetic potential of purebred boars is an urgent task in the field of pig-breeding. To achieve the task, it is necessary to include new parameters for the selection of individuals for the reproduction of the herd. The purpose of this work was to calculate genetic and phenotype correlation of fodder behavior indicators, feed conversion and predicted residual feed intake in pigs of Landras breed. The obtained scores of EBV could be used to understand direction of selection work, including new parameters of quantative features.

UNCONVENTIONAL FEED ADDITIVES: WHEY-MINERAL-VITAMIN SUPPLEMENT IN THE DIET OF YOUNG PIGS ON FATTENING DURING THE TESTING PERIOD

The article presents the data of production testing on young pigs on fattening when fed as part of a feed mixture of the best dosage of a serum-mineral-vitamin supplement in the amount of 30 g per day per head. The daily increase during the study period was 531 g in the control group and 548 g in the experimental group, or 3.2% more. The exchange energy costs per 1 kg of gain were 10.4% lower in the experimental group compared to the control group animals. The level of profitability of pork production was 1.6% higher in the experimental group.

ORGANIZATION OF BREEDING AND BREEDING WORK IN BREEDING-GENETIC AND BREEDING-HYBRID CENTERS WHEN USING THE METHOD OF HYBRIDIZATION IN PIG-BREEDING

The analysis of the functional responsibilities of breeding-genetic and breeding-hybrid centers defined by the requirements for them by the normative-legislative acts of April 16, 2013 №183 and February 16, 2016 №56 is carried out. Shortcomings in the definitions are revealed. The most effective way of import substitution in the system of hybridization of domestic nuclei ‒ breeding-genetic and breeding-hybrid centers is shown. The most effective technology of breeding work in the Russian breeding-genetic and breeding-hybrid centers is proposed.

BALANCED FEED FOR PREGNANT AND LACTATING SOWS IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

The article presents the results of a scientific and production experiment to study the effect of a calcium-containing preparation on the indicators of multiple pregnancy, safety, lactescence, average daily gains of piglets on suckling. Studies have showed that the intramuscular injection of a calcium-containing preparation to lactating sows of the experimental group of the third parity immediately after the birth of the first piglet contributed to an increase in the safety of piglets by 3.5% compared to the control. The calculations showed that the greatest economic effect was obtained in the 2nd experimental group of sows, which after the birth of the first piglet, were injected intramuscularly with a calcium-containing preparation. Its cost was 2375 rubles for 1 sow.

STUDY OF REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF LANDRACE PIG LINES

The purpose of the research was to study the reproductive qualities of Landrace pig lines bred in JSC Rassvet in the period from 2015 to 2017. The productive qualities of pig lines were evaluated by the normal farrowing of sows and indicators of the reproductive qualities of boars. To assess the indicators of reproductive qualities of sows, the index ‒ J3 was developed, which includes the number of live piglets after farrowing, the weight of piglets at weaning, and the number of piglets at weaning. The indicators of the J3 index were adjusted for the alignment of the litter. The index of evaluation of indicators of reproductive qualities of boars, includes indicators of the index of commodity mass of the nest J3 for sows born with a boar and the percentage of fertilization of sows. It was found that the Landrace pig line of French origin has a higher multiplicity and the number of piglets at weaning, but lower milk content. The analysis of correlations of reproductive qualities of sows showed a significant influence of technological factors on the reliability of the assessment of breeding value and confirmed the need to use correction factors for the alignment of the litter.

CHANGES IN LINEAR MEASUREMENTS AND LIVE WEIGHT WITH AGE IN PUREBRED AND CROSSBRED PIGLETS

Since changes in linear measurements and the live weight of animals are manifested in a very multifaceted way, it is difficult to imagine their study and accounting using a single universal method. This problem can be solved by using a variety of methods and techniques for studying the individual development of the body. This article is devoted to the study of the features of growth and development in purebred breeding and interbreed hybridization based on the study of the intensity of live weight growth, the dynamics of average daily increases in relative growth rate and linear measurements of experimental animals.

PORK QUALITY WHEN USING IMMUNOMODULATORY DRUG

The data on the quality of pork when using an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) are presented. It was found that the muscular tissue of experimental piglets has the best physico-chemical, product and process characteristics. It is evidenced by a higher protein content, protein quality index, better water-holding capacity, less juice loss upon the application of heat. The quality and bioavailability of subcutaneous fat improves, which is confirmed by a higher content of dry matter, iodine absorption number and lower softening point. Muscular and adipose tissues of experimental pigs are non-toxic and belong to the category of organic product.

PREPARATION OF REPAIR PIGS FOR REPRODUCTION IN AN INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

Intensive use of sows in industrial pig breeding complexes requires the preparation of a large number of repair young animals to replace retired sows. The main goal while growing repair pigs in conditions of intensive production is to get strong and healthy animals that have shown good productivity and high operational qualities during the period of economic use. The repair livestock should exceed the breeding stock in its productivity for the gradual replacement of which it is intended.