Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda 4. Calving percentage and mothering ability

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
I. L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Zebu Cows

SUMMARYThe female progeny of Angus, Boran and Red Poll bulls mated to Ankole, Boran and Zebu cows were compared. Heifers by Angus and Red Poll sires out of Boran and Zebu cows could be mated at an average age of 23 months with excellent calving percentages, whereas Boran-sired heifers and heifers from Ankole cows were not ready for service at this age. Lactation stress caused heifers suckling calves to lose 4% of body weight over a 7½ month suckling period, while heifers not suckling calves gained 14% in body weight. Heifers by Red Poll sires did not provide more milk for their calves, as measured by early growth rate, than heifers by Angus or Boran sires. The effect of hybrid vigour on mothering ability of F1 dams was at least as great as it was on the early growth of the F1 crossbreds themselves.

Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda 6. A note on hybrid vigour in Red Poll–Boran crosses

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
I. L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Western Uganda

SUMMARYHybrid vigour effects were measured on weights at birth and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, in crosses between Red Poll and Boran cattle. Means of crossbred weights were superior to means of purebred weights by 9·7% at birth and by 26·4% to 29·7% at 3–12 months. Boran cows had superior mothering ability to Red Poll cows, judged by the early growth of reciprocal cross calves, and lost less body weight over a nine-month lactation period.

Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda 3. Genetic analysis of body weight

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
I. L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Differential Performance ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Zebu Cows

SUMMARYGenetic influences on body weights, taken at three-monthly intervals from birth to two years, were measured in the progeny of Angus, Boran and Red Poll bulls mated to Ankole, Boran and local Zebu cows. At two years old, progeny of Angus and Red Poll sires were 9% heavier than progeny of Boran sires. Progeny of Boran dams were 15% heavier than progeny of Zebu dams and 8% heavier than progeny of Ankole dams at two years. Differential performance by progeny of Ankole dams in different years suggested that genetic × environment interaction might be of some importance, and indicated the necessity of testing breed types over several years. Low and variable heritability estimates of weight-for-age up to two years old, and significant hybrid vigour effects on weight, indicated that in this environment, exploitation of hybrid vigour could be of great importance. Repeatability estimates for calf pre-weaning weights averaged 0·42.

Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda 5. Growth and carcass evaluation of castrated males

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
H. J. S. Marples
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Zebu Cows

SUMMARYGrowth from two years to three years and carcass yield and composition were evaluated in nine types of steers produced by mating Angus, Boran and Red Poll bulls to Ankole, Boran and local Zebu cows. One hundred and nine steers were slaughtered at the average age of 3 years and 1 month.At three years of age, steers by Angus and Red Poll sires were 7% heavier than steers by Boran sires, while progeny of Boran and Ankole dams were 14% heavier than progeny of Zebu dams. Significant hybrid vigour effects on weight-for-age were found.After adjustment for weight and age at slaughter, linear carcass measurements supported the impression that steers by Angus sires were more compact and blocky than steers by Red Poll and Boran sires and that progeny of Ankole dams were longer in the leg and body than progeny of Boran and Zebu dams. Steers by Red Poll sires appeared to have a higher fat content than steers by Angus and Boran sires on the basis of dissection of a tenth rib sample joint. Progeny of Boran dams had a higher dressing percentage than progeny of Ankole and Zebu dams. Hybrid vigour appeared to have little effect on carcass traits.

Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda. 1. Performance of Ankole, Boran and Zebu Cows

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
I. L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Maintain Body Weight ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Natural Service ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Progeny Performance ◽  
Zebu Cows

SUMMARYIn a new ranching area of Uganda recently cleared of trypanosomiasis, with a high level of disease control, adequate water supplies and extensive grazing on free range, three dam breeds, the indigenous Ankole and Zebu, and the Boran from Kenya, were mated to Boran, Angus and Red Poll sires.Under artificial insemination, at least 10 % fewer cows were detected on heat than under natural service, and 15% fewer artificially inseminated cows actually produced calves than did naturally served cows. The introduced Boran females were not inferior in calving percentage to the indigenous Ankole and Zebu.Relationships between dam body weight and progeny performance were investigated. The introduced Boran breeding cows were able to maintain their body weight as least as well as the indigenous Ankole and Zebu cows. While cows which calved regularly and reared their calves could not maintain body weight, it was found that heavier cows conceived at a higher rate than lighter cows, cows heavier at parturition weaned heavier calves than lighter cows, and cows that reared heavier calves lost more, or gained less, body weight than cows that reared lighter calves. It was therefore indicated that investigations into the reduction of lactation stress on cows by such methods as earlier weaning of calves, mating at the most suitable time of year, and possible nutritional supplementation at a stage in the cycle, should be commenced.

Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda. 2. Environmental influences on body weight

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
I. L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Zebu Cows

SUMMARYThe nine possible breed types resulting from the use of Angus, Boran and Red Poll bulls on Ankole, Boran and local Zebu cows were represented in the experiment. Sex, period of birth and year of birth had significant effects, at practically all ages, on body weights of calves measured at three-monthly intervals from birth to two years. Age of dam had a significant effect on calf weight at birth but not thereafter. Previous parous state of dam had only few apparently significant effects on calf weights at different ages. It appeared that beneficial effects of a good pre-weaning maternal environment might be retained, as there was no strong evidence of post-weaning compensatory growth for pre-weaning maternal effects due to age and previous parous state of dam.

Heritability Estimates for Juvenile Body weight by Least Squares and DFREML in a Commercial Broiler Breeder Dam Population

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
A.J. Morris ◽  
G.E. Pollott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Derivative Free ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Body Weight Measure ◽  
Different Sources

To date commercial broiler breeders have focused primarily on increasing early growth rate in selection programmes aimed at improving overall production efficiency. In commercial programmes, early growth rate is simplified to a single body weight measure taken at a fixed age during the growth phase approaching common slaughter weights. Most recent selection studies report heritabilities from experimental populations that are at best, synthesised from crossing modern broiler material from several different sources (Leenstra et al, 1986; Wang et al, 1991). Therefore, such populations are likely to exhibit greater heterozygosity than many commercial lines which have undergone many generations of intense selection in closed populations. This paper reports heritabilities estimated using both least squares and derivative-free maximum likelihood techniques for data from a commercial breeder dam line which has remained closed since its inception in 1975.

The significance of coat type in cattle

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Turner ◽  
AV Schleger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Age And Sex

A system of subjective scoring of cattle coats, ranging from very sleek to very woolly, is described. It has been applied to about 1600 animals, of which 500 were Hereford and Shorthorn cows and the rest their progeny from matings in four years to British breed and Zebu bulls. Consistency of scoring within and between observers is satisfactory. Highly significant differences between animals of the same breed persist through different seasons. The repeatability of coat score is 0.6 or more over intervals of up to 17 months. Effects of season, age, and sex are described. Heritability of coat score is estimated at 0.63. Coat scores are well correlated with body temperatures and respiration rates. Coat score and post-weaning growth rate of British breed calves are correlated to such a degree that coat score can be superior to a record of body weight as an estimate of growth capacity. The genetic correlation between coat score and growth rate is high in the British breeds. Evidence of the relation between coat score and growth rate in Zebu cross calves is inconclusive. The observed relationships are discussed with particular reference to their physiological causes. The results indicate the potential value of coat characters in selecting tropical beef cattle. The degree to which these results may be applicable to other populations in other environments is discussed. It is concluded that a sleek coat is important in favouring heat dissipation, but it may have even greater significance as an indicator of metabolic efficiency or of capacity to react favourably to stress.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE AND HETEROTIC ESTIMATION OF GROWTH IN INTRASPECIFIC CROSSING OF GIANT GOURAMY

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Didik Ariyanto ◽  
Nunuk Listiyowati
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Intraspecific Crossing

Intraspecific crossing of giant gouramy was done to get better hybrid population. This study was conducted to evaluate the hybrid vigour or heterotic value of the hybrids line, especially for growth rate character. Besides that, we want to know the effect of hybridization on performance of phenotypic variability. Two days post hatching age larvae of four populations i.e. Bastar and Blue-saphire strain, F-1 hybrid and F-1 hybrid reciprocal, were used in this experiment. All fish were reared in aquaria for 30 days period in indoor hatchery. The fish were fed with live food such as Moina and Daphnia for the first ten days, followed by Tubifex for the second ten days and finally, commercial feed were given until the end of the study. The collected data were total length, standard length, and body weight of each population. The results showed that the phenotypic variability of the hybrid population was higher than that of inbred population. Hybrid population from female of Bastar and male of Blue-saphire has better growth than both of its parents. Heterotic values of total length, standard length, and body weight of the hybrid population was 9.5%, 2.9%, and 15.6% respectively. Maternal effect was detected in hybrid population.

scholarly journals Effect of body weight of goats and lactation order on the growth rate of kids in the suckling period

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1193-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zujovic ◽  
N. Memisi ◽  
V. Bogdanovic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
N. Maksimovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Final Body Weight

The paper presents results of investigation of milk yield by lactation, by order, and mother's body weight on growth rate of kids of the domestic Balkan goat. Daily weight gains of 376 single kids (168 male and 208 female), in three monthly intervals, and their final body weight at 90 days of age were established. Variability of analyzed traits was presented using descriptive statistics parameters, and differences of growth traits for weight gain of kids resulting from the effect of milk yield of female goats by order of lactation were investigated by single analysis of variance. The effect of independent variables, mothers' milk yield and body weight, on body weight of kids was tested using multiple regression analysis. During the entire suckling period, established average values for kids body weight differed significantly (P<0.001), increasing from the 1st toward later lactations. At 90 days of age the lowest values were established in kids from the youngest mothers (11.86 kg), while for kids of mothers in the fourth or later lactations these values were higher (13.93 kg). Coefficients of determination indicate that the variability percentage for individual growth traits of kids was in the 0.08 - 0.17 interval, indicating its significance. Both "b" coefficients (b1 and b2) are positive and statistically highly significant, except for coefficient b2 in the analysis of body weight of kids at birth. The positive sign and high statistical significance indicate a pronounced effect of mother's milk yield and body weight on the body weight of kids up to 90 days of age.

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