Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda 3. Genetic analysis of body weight

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
I. L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Differential Performance ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Zebu Cows

SUMMARYGenetic influences on body weights, taken at three-monthly intervals from birth to two years, were measured in the progeny of Angus, Boran and Red Poll bulls mated to Ankole, Boran and local Zebu cows. At two years old, progeny of Angus and Red Poll sires were 9% heavier than progeny of Boran sires. Progeny of Boran dams were 15% heavier than progeny of Zebu dams and 8% heavier than progeny of Ankole dams at two years. Differential performance by progeny of Ankole dams in different years suggested that genetic × environment interaction might be of some importance, and indicated the necessity of testing breed types over several years. Low and variable heritability estimates of weight-for-age up to two years old, and significant hybrid vigour effects on weight, indicated that in this environment, exploitation of hybrid vigour could be of great importance. Repeatability estimates for calf pre-weaning weights averaged 0·42.

Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda 5. Growth and carcass evaluation of castrated males

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
H. J. S. Marples
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Zebu Cows

SUMMARYGrowth from two years to three years and carcass yield and composition were evaluated in nine types of steers produced by mating Angus, Boran and Red Poll bulls to Ankole, Boran and local Zebu cows. One hundred and nine steers were slaughtered at the average age of 3 years and 1 month.At three years of age, steers by Angus and Red Poll sires were 7% heavier than steers by Boran sires, while progeny of Boran and Ankole dams were 14% heavier than progeny of Zebu dams. Significant hybrid vigour effects on weight-for-age were found.After adjustment for weight and age at slaughter, linear carcass measurements supported the impression that steers by Angus sires were more compact and blocky than steers by Red Poll and Boran sires and that progeny of Ankole dams were longer in the leg and body than progeny of Boran and Zebu dams. Steers by Red Poll sires appeared to have a higher fat content than steers by Angus and Boran sires on the basis of dissection of a tenth rib sample joint. Progeny of Boran dams had a higher dressing percentage than progeny of Ankole and Zebu dams. Hybrid vigour appeared to have little effect on carcass traits.

Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda. 2. Environmental influences on body weight

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
I. L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Zebu Cows

SUMMARYThe nine possible breed types resulting from the use of Angus, Boran and Red Poll bulls on Ankole, Boran and local Zebu cows were represented in the experiment. Sex, period of birth and year of birth had significant effects, at practically all ages, on body weights of calves measured at three-monthly intervals from birth to two years. Age of dam had a significant effect on calf weight at birth but not thereafter. Previous parous state of dam had only few apparently significant effects on calf weights at different ages. It appeared that beneficial effects of a good pre-weaning maternal environment might be retained, as there was no strong evidence of post-weaning compensatory growth for pre-weaning maternal effects due to age and previous parous state of dam.

Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda 4. Calving percentage and mothering ability

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
I. L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Zebu Cows

SUMMARYThe female progeny of Angus, Boran and Red Poll bulls mated to Ankole, Boran and Zebu cows were compared. Heifers by Angus and Red Poll sires out of Boran and Zebu cows could be mated at an average age of 23 months with excellent calving percentages, whereas Boran-sired heifers and heifers from Ankole cows were not ready for service at this age. Lactation stress caused heifers suckling calves to lose 4% of body weight over a 7½ month suckling period, while heifers not suckling calves gained 14% in body weight. Heifers by Red Poll sires did not provide more milk for their calves, as measured by early growth rate, than heifers by Angus or Boran sires. The effect of hybrid vigour on mothering ability of F1 dams was at least as great as it was on the early growth of the F1 crossbreds themselves.

scholarly journals Effects of breed, management system, milk yield and body weight on onset of postpartum ovarian cyclicity in cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
SN Saha ◽  
MGS Alam ◽  
M Shamsuddin ◽  
M Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity ◽  
Zebu Cows

To determine the factors affecting onset of postpartum ovarian cyclicity (PPOC) milk progesterone concentrations were measured in 84 cows. About 30% showed cyclicity within 120 days of parturition. Intensively managed cows started cyclicity earlier (P>0.05) than extensively managed animals. Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows started ovarian cyclicity earlier (80.2 ± 17.5 days) with higher proportion (37.9%) than local zebu cows (84.8 ± 21.0 days) and about 13.3%, respectively (P>0.05). The cows yielding 4-12 kg milk/day required 73.5 ± 10.0 days to start ovarian function earlier than those producing 1-2 kg/day (84.8 ± 21.0 days) (P>0.05). Cows with lower (<200 kg) and higher (>300 kg) body weights started ovarian activity by 81.6 ± 16.6 and 76.3 ± 17.4 days, respectively (P>0.05). Cows with lower body weight showed PPOC at lower rate (5.2%) than those of medium (38.3%) and higher body weight (33.3%) (P<0.05). The delayed onset of PPOC prolonged the calving interval.Bangl. vet. 2015. Vol. 32, No. 1, 27-34

Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda 6. A note on hybrid vigour in Red Poll–Boran crosses

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
I. L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Western Uganda

SUMMARYHybrid vigour effects were measured on weights at birth and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, in crosses between Red Poll and Boran cattle. Means of crossbred weights were superior to means of purebred weights by 9·7% at birth and by 26·4% to 29·7% at 3–12 months. Boran cows had superior mothering ability to Red Poll cows, judged by the early growth of reciprocal cross calves, and lost less body weight over a nine-month lactation period.

IV.—Genetics of Gametes. IV. The Phenotype of Mouse Spermatozoa in Four Inbred Strains and their F1 Crosses

1961 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Heritable Variation

SynopsisThe expression of heritable variation in mammals is usually studied among the attributes of the adult; for example, in the body weight, milk yield, or colour of the pelt. A relatively new subject of study is that of heritable variation in the characteristics of gametes. It is of particular interest, because such variation in gametes may affect their fertility, which in turn might have repercussions on both fundamental and applied genetics. Current research is directed mainly to surveying the ways in which spermatozoa are subject to genetic influences. In the present work, heritable variations in the spermatozoa of mice are demonstrated, in the form of differences between inbred strains. The results are in virtually complete agreement with those of a previous study. It has also been found that variation in first generation crosses made from the pure strains can be largely accounted for by a blending inheritance of the characteristics of the parental types, together with an effect of heterosis. This appears to be the first demonstration in gametes of the phenomenon of heterosis, which is nearly but not quite the same as “hybrid vigour”.

Crossbreeding beef cattle in Western Uganda. 1. Performance of Ankole, Boran and Zebu Cows

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
G. D. Sacker ◽  
I. L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Maintain Body Weight ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Natural Service ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Progeny Performance ◽  
Zebu Cows

SUMMARYIn a new ranching area of Uganda recently cleared of trypanosomiasis, with a high level of disease control, adequate water supplies and extensive grazing on free range, three dam breeds, the indigenous Ankole and Zebu, and the Boran from Kenya, were mated to Boran, Angus and Red Poll sires.Under artificial insemination, at least 10 % fewer cows were detected on heat than under natural service, and 15% fewer artificially inseminated cows actually produced calves than did naturally served cows. The introduced Boran females were not inferior in calving percentage to the indigenous Ankole and Zebu.Relationships between dam body weight and progeny performance were investigated. The introduced Boran breeding cows were able to maintain their body weight as least as well as the indigenous Ankole and Zebu cows. While cows which calved regularly and reared their calves could not maintain body weight, it was found that heavier cows conceived at a higher rate than lighter cows, cows heavier at parturition weaned heavier calves than lighter cows, and cows that reared heavier calves lost more, or gained less, body weight than cows that reared lighter calves. It was therefore indicated that investigations into the reduction of lactation stress on cows by such methods as earlier weaning of calves, mating at the most suitable time of year, and possible nutritional supplementation at a stage in the cycle, should be commenced.

Studies of the effects of the gene N on body growth and fleece development of the New Zealand Romney. I. The body growth of the N type lamb

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Cockrem ◽  
AL Rae
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Ram Lambs

A study has been made of the pleiotropic effects of the gene N on the body growth and the carcass of the Sew Zealand Romney lamb. Measurements of body weight and height at withers were taken from birth to about 5 months of age for lambs born in 1952 and 1953 from matings of N/+ x +/+, N/N x N/N, N/N x N/+, and N/+ x N/+ parents. In 1952, +/+ lambs grew faster than N/+ or N/N lambs and this was shown in the greater body weight of the +/+ lambs at 30 days of age. The differences in weight gains corrected for initial weight were greater for single lambs than for twin lambs. The differences in the height at withers were proportional to those in body weight except for the N/N lambs. The N/N lambs had a greater height at withers for their body weight but this could have been the result of factors other than the gene N which were associated with the N–type flock. N–type ewe lambs kept up to 18 months of age maintained lower body weights than +/+ lambs. In 1953 no differences between N/+ and +/+ lambs were found in body growth. It is suggested that a genetic-environment interaction exists for body growth and that the environmental factor is possibly one of climate. No differences were found between the carcass measurements of N/+ and +/+ ram lambs which could not be attributed to the previous differences in body growth.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

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