scholarly journals Ounjougou (Mali): A history of holocene settlement at the southern edge of the Sahara

Antiquity ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (301) ◽  
pp. 579-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Huysecom ◽  
S. Ozainne ◽  
F. Raeli ◽  
A. Ballouche ◽  
M. Rasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
The South ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Environmental Sequence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Holocene Period

The area of Ounjougou consists of a series of gullies cut through Upper Pleistocene and Holocene formations on the Dogon Plateau in the Sahel at the south edge of the Sahara Desert. Here the authors have chronicled a stratified sequence of human occupation from the tenth to the second millennium BC, recording natural and anthropogenic strata containing artefacts and micro- and macro- palaeoecological remains, mostly in an excellent state of preservation. They present a first synthesis of the archaeological and environmental sequence for the Holocene period, define five main occupation phases for Ounjougou, and attempt to place them within the context of West African prehistory.

The Holocene Occupations of Southern Belize

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Prufer ◽  
Douglas J. Kennett
Keyword(s):  
Climate Reconstruction ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Social Pressures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Processes

In Chapter 2, Keith Prufer and Douglas J. Kennett focus on the long history of human occupation in southern Belize, from initial colonization at the end of the Pleistocene to the present. First occupied by Paleoindians, the landscape of southern Belize has seen 10 millennia of cultural modifications. The authors, drawing on more than two decades of archaeological research, discuss why studying the long historical trajectories of settlements within a region can provide data about how humans adapt and reorganize over long periods of time and insights into underlying processes of resilience and reorganization in response to climatic, demographic, and social pressures. The chapter draws on climate reconstruction data to look at Holocene adaptations to a changing landscape.

scholarly journals A high-resolution history of the South American Monsoon from Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir F. Novello ◽  
Francisco W. Cruz ◽  
Mathias Vuille ◽  
Nicolás M. Stríkis ◽  
R. Lawrence Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
South American Monsoon ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The South

The Madra Çay Delta Archaeological Project, First Preliminary Report

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 167-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lambrianides ◽  
N. Spencer ◽  
S. Vardar ◽  
H. Gümüş
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
The South ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
Sand Spit ◽  
Archaeological Project

In 1995 a new series of multi-disciplinary investigations were initiated by the authors into diachronic human occupation of the coastal plain at Altınova, between Ayvalık and Dikili on the Aegean coast of northwest Turkey (Fig. 1). Altınova lies approximately halfway between the much better-known (and certainly more intensively investigated) archaeological regions of Troy to the north and Bayraklı/Izmir to the south (Fig. 1). Through the plain flows the Madra Çay, and during the Holocene the river's depositional activity has created a large delta clearly visible on most maps as a projection outward into the Lesbos Channel (also known as the Mytilene/Midilli Strait), with the port of Mytilene and the marina of Thermi lying directly opposite (20 km. away) on the island of Lesbos (Fig. 1, Pl. XXII(a)). Altınova's iskele, located in a sand-spit which forms a natural marina, has developed into a modern holiday resort with 5 km. or more of holiday villas along its sandy beaches.

Africa in the Atlantic World, C.1760 – C. 1840

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Law
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
The West ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
The Third ◽  
Atlantic Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Parts

The transatlantic slave trade peaked in the third quarter of the eighteenth century, when more than 80,000 slaves annually were being shipped from Africa for the Americas. This overshadowed the older-established trade in slaves northwards from West Africa across the Sahara Desert to the Muslim world, which was probably under 10,000 annually. Despite the long history of commerce, direct European involvement in Africa remained limited. In contrast to the Americas, European colonial occupation of African territory was minimal before the later nineteenth century. Some African states maintained diplomatic relations with their trading partners across the Atlantic. The operation of the Atlantic trade had the effect of linking up different parts of Africa with each other, as well as with Europe and the Americas. The autonomous (or northern-oriented) character of the West African historical process might seem to be self-evidently illustrated by one of the major developments of this period, a series of jihads, or ‘Islamic Revolutions’, in which Muslim clerics seized power from existing ruling groups.

The Late Pleistocene and Holocene Vegetational History of Hunter Island, North-Western Tasmania

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Hope
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scattered Trees ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
North Western

Cave Bay Cave contains pollen-bearing sediments derived partly from weathering of the roof and partly from intermittent human occupation. These span the periods c. 28,000-14,700 B.P. and c. 8000 B.P. to the present. Pollen analysis of the Pleistocene sediments indicates that an initial open shrubland was followed by grassland which became increasingly open with abundant composites. Eucalypts occurred in the area but were probably very sparse. The Holocene section records a coastal shrubland like that at present in the area. Intervals of occupation appear to have had little effect on vegetation recorded at the cave, but fires occurred in the vegetation during unoccupied as well as occupied phases. Comparison of the Pleistocene spectra with those from sites in near-coastal Tasmania and south-eastern Australia suggest that an open grassland with scattered trees was extensive from the Adelaide region down to the Bassian Plain. Some components of this cold steppe formation may occur today in the treeline woodlands on the driest parts of the Tasmanian mountains, but there may also be floristic affinities with arid steppe. The grassland probably reflects conditions colder, drier and possibly windier than any represented in the area today.

scholarly journals Deflation Troughs, Water, and Prehistoric Occupation on the Margins of the South Texas Sand Sheet

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan González ◽  
Russell Skrowronek ◽  
Bobbie Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
South Texas ◽  
The South ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Running Water ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hidalgo County ◽  
Sand Sheet

Within the South Texas Plains, the area broadly defined by the Rio Grande to the south and the Nueces River to the north, a distance of ca. 175 km, evidence of open human occupation is remarkably abundant. Because it is predominantly a region of loose, sandy soils and active and relict sand dunes where wind processes dominate, the area is known as the South Texas Sand Sheet (STSS). There is no running water within the STSS and all streams are ephemeral. Existing drainage systems are small, localized, and not integrated, carrying water for a few days and up to two weeks after the passage of a storm. The lack of running water makes human occupation on this semi-arid area even more remarkable. The STSS and the adjacent wind deflated areas have hundreds of small and shallow elongated deflation troughs. Most of these poorly drained swales retain seasonal fresh water that sustain high moisture plants and are ephemeral wetlands; a small percentage of them hold water year round. As a result, the long history of human occupation of the STSS was possible due to the presence of the deflation troughs. This study explores the connection between human occupation of the STSS and deflation troughs at four previously unreported archeological sites in northern Hidalgo County using a combination of intensive archeological and geological survey, oral history, GIS technology, and existing soil maps.

DYNAMICS OF THE COASTAL ZONE IN HOLOCEN ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE KOLA PENINSULA

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
T.V. Sapelko ◽  
◽  
M.A. Anisimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
North Western ◽  
Holocene Period

A lot of work has been devoted to the study of the coastal zone of the southern coast of the Barents Sea. However, they are mainly devoted to the period of deglaciation of the territory and the subsequent marine transgressions. The Holocene period was less interesting for researchers, because it was believed that the coast was stabilizing by this time and almost no significant changes were taking place. In recent years, interest in the dynamics of the coastal zone of the last millennia is mainly associated with the problem of climate change and the melting of Arctic ice in the modern period. In this regard, the study of new sequences of the coastal zone of the Barents Sea is especially relevant. Recently, new studies of the Holocene history of the coastline of the northwestern coast of the Kola Peninsula have appeared, which change some prevailing ideas about the dynamics of the coastline in the Holocene period. The presented review is caused by the need to summarize new results and existing ideas.

scholarly journals Archaeobotanical Research of the SFB 268 in West Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Katharina Neumann
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
West African ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Late Emergence ◽  
History Of

An overview over 20 years of archaeobotanical studies in West Africa is given. The Holocene vegetation history of the West African savannahs and the development of plant cultivation were major research topics. The existence of climatically induced savannahs throughout the Holocene could be confirmed. Archaeobotanical data indicate the late emergence of agriculture around 2000 BC and the development of a cultural landscape in the course of the last 2000 years.

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