scholarly journals Antipodal coincidence sets and stronger forms of connectedness

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
J.E. Harmse

A new notion of α-connectedness (α-path connectedness) in general topological spaces is introduced and it is proved that for a real-valued function defined on a space with this property, the cardinality of the antipodal coincidence set is at least as large as the cardinal number α. In particular, in linear topological spaces, the antipodal coincidence set of a real-valued function has cardinality at least that of the continuum. This could be regarded as a treatment of some Borsuk-Ulam type results in the setting of general topology.

1990 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Yuji Takahashi

Let S(G) be a Segal algebra on an infinite compact Abelian group G. We study the existence of many discontinuous translation invariant linear functionals on S(G). It is shown that if G/CG contains no finitely generated dense subgroups, then the dimension of the linear space of all translation invariant linear functionals on S(G) is greater than or equal to 2C and there exist 2C discontinuous translation invariant linear functionals on S(G), where c and CG denote the cardinal number of the continuum and the connected component of the identity in G, respectively.


2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Pąk

Basic Properties of Metrizable Topological Spaces We continue Mizar formalization of general topology according to the book [11] by Engelking. In the article, we present the final theorem of Section 4.1. Namely, the paper includes the formalization of theorems on the correspondence between the cardinalities of the basis and of some open subcover, and a discreet (closed) subspaces, and the weight of that metrizable topological space. We also define Lindelöf spaces and state the above theorem in this special case. We also introduce the concept of separation among two subsets (see [12]).


Filomat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (17) ◽  
pp. 6115-6129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Shou Lin

The notions of networks and k-networks for topological spaces have played an important role in general topology. Pytkeev networks, strict Pytkeev networks and cn-networks for topological spaces are defined by T. Banakh, and S. Gabriyelyan and J. K?kol, respectively. In this paper, we discuss the relationship among certain Pytkeev networks, strict Pytkeev networks, cn-networks and k-networks in a topological space, and detect their operational properties. It is proved that every point-countable Pytkeev network for a topological space is a quasi-k-network, and every topological space with a point-countable cn-network is a meta-Lindel?f D-space, which give an affirmative answer to the following problem [25, 29]: Is every Fr?chet-Urysohn space with a pointcountable cs'-network a meta-Lindel?f space? Some mapping theorems on the spaces with certain Pytkeev networks are established and it is showed that (strict) Pytkeev networks are preserved by closed mappings and finite-to-one pseudo-open mappings, and cn-networks are preserved by pseudo-open mappings, in particular, spaces with a point-countable Pytkeev network are preserved by closed mappings.


1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Hager

All topological spaces shall be uniformizable (completely regular Hausdorff). A uniformity on X shall be viewed as a collection μ of coverings of X, via the manner of Tukey [20] and Isbell [16], and the associated uniform space denoted μX. Given the uniformizable topological space X, we shall be concerned with compatible uniformities as follows (discussed more carefully in § 1). The fine uniformity α (finest compatible with the topology); the “cardinal reflections“ αm of α (m an infinite cardinal number) ; αc, the weak uniformity generated by the real-valued continuous functions.With μ standing, generically, for one of these uniformities, we consider the question: when is μ(X × Y) = μX × μY For μ = αℵ0 (the finest compatible precompact uniformity), the problem is equivalent to that of whenβ(X × Y) = βX × βY,β denoting Stone-Cech compactification; this is answered by the theorem of Glicksberg [9]. For μ = α, we have Isbell's generalization [16, VI1.32].


1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 439-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Ercolessi ◽  
Giovanni Landi ◽  
Paulo Teotonio-Sobrinho

Recently a new kind of approximation to continuum topological spaces has been introduced, the approximating spaces being partially ordered sets (posets) with a finite or at most a countable number of points. The partial order endows a poset with a nontrivial non-Hausdorff topology. Their ability to reproduce important topological information of the continuum has been the main motivation for their use in quantum physics. Posets are truly noncommutative spaces, or noncommutative lattices, since they can be realized as structure spaces of noncommutative C*-algebras. These noncommutative algebras play the same rôle as the algebra of continuous functions [Formula: see text] on a Hausdorff topological space M and can be thought of as algebras of operator valued functions on posets. In this article, we will review some mathematical results that establish a duality between finite posets and a certain class of C*-algebras. We will see that the algebras in question are all postliminal approximately finite dimensional (AF) algebras.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Gui Shi

The notion of separatedness degrees ofL-fuzzy subsets is introduced inL-fuzzy topological spaces by means ofL-fuzzy closure operators. Furthermore, the notion of connectedness degrees ofL-fuzzy subsets is introduced. Many properties of connectedness in general topology are generalized toL-fuzzy topological spaces.


2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Taras Banakh

AbstractA function f : X → Y between topological spaces is called σ-continuous (resp. ̄σ-continuous) if there exists a (closed) cover {Xn}n∈ω of X such that for every n ∈ ω the restriction f ↾ Xn is continuous. By 𝔠 σ (resp. 𝔠¯σ)we denote the largest cardinal κ ≤ 𝔠 such that every function f : X → ℝ defined on a subset X ⊂ ℝ of cardinality |X| <κ is σ-continuous (resp. ¯σ-continuous). It is clear that ω1 ≤ 𝔠¯σ ≤ 𝔠 σ ≤ 𝔠.We prove that 𝔭 ≤ 𝔮0 = 𝔠¯σ =min{𝔠 σ, 𝔟, 𝔮 }≤ 𝔠 σ ≤ min{non(ℳ), non(𝒩)}.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bonanzinga ◽  
N. Carlson ◽  
M. V. Cuzzupè ◽  
D. Stavrova

<p>In this paper we continue to investigate the impact that various separation axioms and covering properties have onto the cardinality of topological spaces. Many authors have been working in that field. To mention a few, let us refer to results by Arhangel’skii, Alas, Hajnal-Juhász, Bell-Gisburg-Woods, Dissanayake-Willard, Schröder and to the excellent survey by Hodel “Arhangel’skii’s Solution to Alexandroff’s problem: A survey”.</p><p>Here we provide improvements and analogues of some of the results obtained by the above authors in the settings of more general separation axioms and cardinal invariants related to them. We also provide partial answer to Arhangel’skii’s question concerning whether the continuum is an upper bound for the cardinality of a Hausdorff Lindelöf space having countable pseudo-character (i.e., points are Gδ). Shelah in 1978 was the first to give a consistent negative answer to Arhangel’skii’s question; in 1993 Gorelic established an improved result; and further results were obtained by Tall in 1995.  The question of whether or not there is a consistent bound on the cardinality of Hausdorff Lindelöf spaces with countable pseudo-character is still open. In this paper we introduce the Hausdorff point separating weight Hpw(X), and prove that (1) |X| ≤ Hpsw(X)<sup>aL</sup><sup>c</sup><sup>(X)ψ(X)</sup>, for Hausdorff spaces and (2) |X| ≤ Hpsw(X)<sup>ω</sup><sup>L</sup><sup>c</sup><sup>(X)ψ(X)</sup>, where X is a Hausdorff space with a π-base consisting of compact sets with non-empty interior. In 1993 Schröder proved an analogue of Hajnal and Juhasz inequality |X| ≤ 2<sup>c(X)χ(X)</sup> for Hausdorff spaces, for Urysohn spaces by considering weaker invariant - Urysohn cellularity Uc(X) instead of cellularity c(X). We introduce the n-Urysohn cellularity n-Uc(X) (where n≥2) and prove that the previous inequality is true in the class of n-Urysohn spaces replacing Uc(X) by the weaker n-Uc(X). We also show that |X| ≤ 2<sup>Uc(X)πχ(X)</sup> if X is a power homogeneous Urysohn space.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 43-66
Author(s):  
Raja Mohammad Latif

In 2014 Mubarki, Al-Rshudi, and Al- Juhani introduced and studied the notion of a set in general topology called β*-open set and investigated its fundamental properties and studied the relationships between β*-open set and other topological sets including β*-continuity in topological spaces. We introduce and investigate several properties and characterizations of a new class of functions between topological spaces called β*- open, β*- closed, β*- continuous and β*- irresolute functions in topological spaces. We also introduce slightly β*- continuous, totally β*- continuous and almost β*- continuous functions between topological spaces and establish several characterizations of these new forms of functions. Furthermore, we also introduce and investigate certain ramifications of contra continuous and allied functions, namely, contra β*- continuous, and almost contra β*-continuous functions along with their several properties, characterizations and natural relationships. Moreover, we introduce new types of closed graphs by using β*- open sets and investigate its properties and characterizations in topological spaces.


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