Effect of composition of ruminally-infused short-chain fatty acids on net fluxes of nutrients across portal-drained viscera in underfed ewes

Four ewes, each fitted with a rumen cannula and with catheters in the mesenteric artery and portal and mesenteric veins, received continuous intrarumen infusions of water or of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA infusions were isoenergetic (83 kJ/h) and provided rumen molar proportions (acetate : propionate : butyrate) of 70 : 20 : 10, 50 : 40 : 10 or 50 : 20 : 30. The rumen SCFA production rate with the basal diet was 90·0, 23·1 and 8·8 mmol/h for acetate, propionate and butyrate respectively. Portal net fluxes indicated that 74, 67 and 22–30 % of infused acetate, propionate and butyrate respectively, reached the portal vein. Portal net release of β-hydroxybutyrate increased with SCFA infusions, irrespective of the amount of butyrate infused. Portal net release of lactate decreased with high-butyrate infusion. Portal net uptake of glucose increased with the SCFA infusions. In ewes infused with water, a portal net uptake of total amino acids (AA) was observed. SCFA infusions decreased the uptake of nonessential AA (glutamate, glycine, but not glutamine) and increased the net release of tyrosine and essential AA (isoleucine, leucine). Portal net fluxes of AA were similar with both high-acetate and high-propionate infusions. Lower net uptake of glutamine and net release of most essential AA and some nonessential AA were observed with the high-butyrate infusion. Energetic summation of portal net release was not significantly different between the three SCFA infusions, although it tended to be lower with high-butyrate infusion. This may be related to the higher trophic effect of butyrate on the digestive mucosa.

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Inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide alleviate constipation and improve reproductive performance by modulating motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and feces microflora in pregnant sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaorong Yu ◽

Chunsheng Fu ◽

Zhenchuan Cui ◽

Guangyong Chen ◽

Yinglei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

Fecal Microflora ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Constipation in gestating and lactating sows is common and the inclusion of dietary fiber may help to alleviate this problem. We investigated the effects of inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), two sources of soluble dietary fiber, on gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal microflora, and reproductive performance in pregnant sows. On day 64 of gestation, 30 sows were randomly divided into three groups and fed as follows: a basal diet, a basal diet with 0.5% INU, and a basal diet with 0.5% IMO. We found that INU and IMO significantly modulated the levels of gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, as evidenced by an increase in substance P (P < 0.05), and a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations (P < 0.05), indicating the capacity of INU and IMO to alleviate constipation. Furthermore, IMO enhanced the concentrations of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids in the feces (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing showed that IMO and INU increased the fecal microflora α- and β-diversity (P < 0.05). Methanobrevibacter was more abundant (P < 0.05), whereas the richness of Turicibacter was lower in the INU and IMO groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, IMO significantly increased litter size (P < 0.05). Overall, our findings indicate that INU and IMO can relieve constipation, optimize intestinal flora, and promote reproductive performance in pregnant sows.

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The energy value of short-chain fatty acids infused into the caecum of pigs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19970072 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 745-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Henry Jørgensen ◽

Torben Larsen ◽

Xin-Quan Zhao ◽

BjØrn O. Eggum

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Short Chain ◽

Energy Value ◽

Hind Gut ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The present work was undertaken to study the energy value of a mixture of acetic, propionic and butyric acids (0·682: 0·226: 0·092) infused intracaecally in growing pigs. A basal diet low in fibre (42 g NSP/kg DM) was given at below the requirement for maximum weight gain. In six 2-week periods, N and energy balance measurements in eight growing pigs were carried out with and without infusion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Heat production was measured using open-circuit chambers and the concentration of SCFA in faeces was determined. Less than 1% of the infused SCFA was excreted in faeces illustrating the capacity of the hind-gut to absorb and metabolize SCFA. Infusion of SCFA did not affect the digestibility of nutrients and energy. However, N retention increased demonstrating that SCFA are an energy source for protein gain when pigs are fed at below the requirement of energy. Increased CH4production together with an increased excretion of branched-chain fatty acids in faeces suggested that there was a higher microbial activity in the hind-gut during infusion. The partial utilization of the infused energyin SCFA was 0·821. A small proportion of the infused energy in SCFA was retained in protein (0·099) and a considerable amount was retained as fat (0·722).

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SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS AS THE LUMINAL TROPHIC FACTOR

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas84-218 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 189-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

T. SAKATA

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Trophic Factor ◽

Metaphase Arrest ◽

Trophic Effect ◽

Rat Ileum ◽

Small And Large Intestine ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Trophic effect of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) was studied in ileostomized rats using a metaphase arrest technique. SCFA (acetate 100, propionate 20, butyrate 60 (mM), 2 mL/day) injected into the terminal ileum for 14 days increased the cryptal cell production rate of the small and large intestine by 52–99%. Key words: Fatty acid, rat, ileum, cell division, trophic effect

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