The energy value of short-chain fatty acids infused into the caecum of pigs

The present work was undertaken to study the energy value of a mixture of acetic, propionic and butyric acids (0·682: 0·226: 0·092) infused intracaecally in growing pigs. A basal diet low in fibre (42 g NSP/kg DM) was given at below the requirement for maximum weight gain. In six 2-week periods, N and energy balance measurements in eight growing pigs were carried out with and without infusion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Heat production was measured using open-circuit chambers and the concentration of SCFA in faeces was determined. Less than 1% of the infused SCFA was excreted in faeces illustrating the capacity of the hind-gut to absorb and metabolize SCFA. Infusion of SCFA did not affect the digestibility of nutrients and energy. However, N retention increased demonstrating that SCFA are an energy source for protein gain when pigs are fed at below the requirement of energy. Increased CH4production together with an increased excretion of branched-chain fatty acids in faeces suggested that there was a higher microbial activity in the hind-gut during infusion. The partial utilization of the infused energyin SCFA was 0·821. A small proportion of the infused energy in SCFA was retained in protein (0·099) and a considerable amount was retained as fat (0·722).

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Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91429-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Shi ◽

Di Zhao ◽

Fan Zhao ◽

Chong Wang ◽

Galia Zamaratskaia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Tryptophan Metabolites ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.

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Tenebrio molitor Larvae Meal Affects the Cecal Microbiota of Growing Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10071151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1151

Author(s):

Sandra Meyer ◽

Denise K. Gessner ◽

Garima Maheshwari ◽

Julia Röhrig ◽

Theresa Friedhoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Tenebrio Molitor ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Cecal Microbiota ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Tenebrio Molitor Larvae ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The hypothesis tested was that dietary inclusion of insect meal (IM) causes an alteration in the cecal microbiota composition and its fermentation activity of growing pigs. Five-week-old male crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 pigs each, and fed isonitrogenous diets either without (CON) or with 5% IM (IM5) or 10% IM (IM10) from Tenebrio molitor larvae for four weeks. The relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes was lower in group IM10 than in group CON (p < 0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes-ratio tended to be higher in groups IM10 and IM5 than in group CON (p < 0.1). The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria tended to be higher in group IM10 than in groups CON and IM5 (p < 0.1). The concentrations of the total short-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta did not differ between the three groups, but the concentrations of the branched-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta were higher in group IM5 and IM10 than in group CON (p < 0.05). The present study shows for the first time that the replacement of soybean meal by Tenebrio molitor larvae meal causes a shift of the cecal microbial community and its fermentation activity in growing pigs.

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Effect of probiotics and prebiotics supplemented to the diet of growing pigs on the content of short chain fatty acids in the jejunum and cecum1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas.2015-9704 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (suppl_3) ◽

pp. 219-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Brestenský ◽

S. Nitrayová ◽

A. Bomba ◽

L. Strojný ◽

P. Patráš ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Role of short‐chain fatty acids in the hind gut

Veterinary Quarterly ◽

10.1080/01652176.1998.9694970 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 20 (sup3) ◽

pp. 52-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

W. von Engelhardt ◽

J. Bartels ◽

S. Kirschberger ◽

H.D. Meyer zu Düttingdorf ◽

R. Busche

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Hind Gut ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Effect of composition of ruminally-infused short-chain fatty acids on net fluxes of nutrients across portal-drained viscera in underfed ewes

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114500000660 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 83 (5) ◽

pp. 521-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Pierre Nozière ◽

Cécile Martin ◽

Didier Rémond ◽

Niels B. Kristensen ◽

Richard Bernard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Isoleucine Leucine ◽

Trophic Effect ◽

Net Uptake ◽

Net Fluxes ◽

Net Release ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Four ewes, each fitted with a rumen cannula and with catheters in the mesenteric artery and portal and mesenteric veins, received continuous intrarumen infusions of water or of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA infusions were isoenergetic (83 kJ/h) and provided rumen molar proportions (acetate : propionate : butyrate) of 70 : 20 : 10, 50 : 40 : 10 or 50 : 20 : 30. The rumen SCFA production rate with the basal diet was 90·0, 23·1 and 8·8 mmol/h for acetate, propionate and butyrate respectively. Portal net fluxes indicated that 74, 67 and 22–30 % of infused acetate, propionate and butyrate respectively, reached the portal vein. Portal net release of β-hydroxybutyrate increased with SCFA infusions, irrespective of the amount of butyrate infused. Portal net release of lactate decreased with high-butyrate infusion. Portal net uptake of glucose increased with the SCFA infusions. In ewes infused with water, a portal net uptake of total amino acids (AA) was observed. SCFA infusions decreased the uptake of nonessential AA (glutamate, glycine, but not glutamine) and increased the net release of tyrosine and essential AA (isoleucine, leucine). Portal net fluxes of AA were similar with both high-acetate and high-propionate infusions. Lower net uptake of glutamine and net release of most essential AA and some nonessential AA were observed with the high-butyrate infusion. Energetic summation of portal net release was not significantly different between the three SCFA infusions, although it tended to be lower with high-butyrate infusion. This may be related to the higher trophic effect of butyrate on the digestive mucosa.

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Infusion of short chain fatty acids in the ileum improves the carcass traits, meat quality and lipid metabolism of growing pigs

Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.aninu.2020.05.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anran Jiao ◽

Hui Diao ◽

Bing Yu ◽

Jun He ◽

Jie Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide alleviate constipation and improve reproductive performance by modulating motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and feces microflora in pregnant sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaorong Yu ◽

Chunsheng Fu ◽

Zhenchuan Cui ◽

Guangyong Chen ◽

Yinglei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

Fecal Microflora ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Constipation in gestating and lactating sows is common and the inclusion of dietary fiber may help to alleviate this problem. We investigated the effects of inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), two sources of soluble dietary fiber, on gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal microflora, and reproductive performance in pregnant sows. On day 64 of gestation, 30 sows were randomly divided into three groups and fed as follows: a basal diet, a basal diet with 0.5% INU, and a basal diet with 0.5% IMO. We found that INU and IMO significantly modulated the levels of gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, as evidenced by an increase in substance P (P < 0.05), and a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations (P < 0.05), indicating the capacity of INU and IMO to alleviate constipation. Furthermore, IMO enhanced the concentrations of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids in the feces (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing showed that IMO and INU increased the fecal microflora α- and β-diversity (P < 0.05). Methanobrevibacter was more abundant (P < 0.05), whereas the richness of Turicibacter was lower in the INU and IMO groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, IMO significantly increased litter size (P < 0.05). Overall, our findings indicate that INU and IMO can relieve constipation, optimize intestinal flora, and promote reproductive performance in pregnant sows.

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