scholarly journals Haem and non-haem iron intake through 17 years of adult life of a British Birth Cohort

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1021-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Johnston ◽  
C. J. Prynne ◽  
A. M. Stephen ◽  
M. E. J. Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Haem Iron ◽  
Representative Cohort

An investigation was carried out to determine whether there were significant changes in the intake of haem and non-haem Fe of adult men and women in the UK from 1982 (aged 36 years) to 1999 (aged 53 years). The 1253 subjects studied were members of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development; a longitudinal study of a nationally representative cohort of births in 1946. Food intake was recorded in a 5-d diary at age 36 years in 1982, 43 years in 1989 and 53 years in 1999. Outcome measures were mean intakes of total Fe, haem and non-haem Fe, by year, gender and food source. There were significant changes in total Fe, haem Fe and non-haem Fe intake over the three time points. Total Fe intake was significantly higher in 1989 than in 1982 or 1999 for both men and women but haem Fe was significantly lower in 1999 mainly due to a 40 % fall in haem Fe from beef during this period. Haem Fe from processed meats fell by more than 50 % between 1989 and 1999 but that from poultry rose by more than 50 %. Cereal foods remained the most important source of non-haem Fe and the contribution from breakfast cereals rose relative to that of bread over the 17 years. Several factors could be responsible for these changes, particularly the importance of the epidemic of BSE from 1990. The possible advantages of a lower haem Fe intake in older subjects are discussed.

scholarly journals Changes in intake of key nutrients over 17 years during adult life of a British birth cohort

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Prynne ◽  
A. A. Paul ◽  
G. D. Mishra ◽  
D. C. Greenberg ◽  
M. E. J. Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Nutritional Guidelines ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Representative Cohort

An investigation was carried out to determine whether there were significant changes in nutrient intake over 17 years of adult life. The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative cohort of singleton births in the UK in 1946. Of this cohort, 1253 survey members provided information on diet recorded in a 5 d diary at age 36 years in 1982, 43 years in 1989 and 53 years in 1999. The outcome measures were mean intakes of energy, macronutrients, minerals and vitamins. There were significant changes in the intake of most nutrients in 1999 compared with previous years. Intakes of fat, Na, Fe and Cu have fallen, but there was a rising trend in the intakes of Ca, P, carotene, thiamin, pyridoxine, folic acid and vitamins C, D and E in both men and women. Additionally, intakes of K, Mg and vitamin K1 have risen in women. There were significant gender differences, women showing a higher percentage rise in the intakes of carotene, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin C and vitamin E. These changes were related to changes in the consumption of certain key foods, such as the increased consumption of fruit and vegetables and a shift away from whole milk, butter and red meat. Most of these trends are in line with accepted nutritional guidelines. How far these changes are due to consumer choice and real changes in food composition or are due to artefacts inherent in the methodology is discussed.

scholarly journals Dietary fibre and phytate – a balancing act: results from three time points in a British Birth Cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia J. Prynne ◽  
Aine McCarron ◽  
Michael E. J. Wadsworth ◽  
Alison M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

An investigation was carried out to determine whether there were significant changes in the intake of dietary fibre (NSP) and phytate of adult men and women in the UK from 1982 (aged 36 years) to 1999 (aged 53 years). The 1253 subjects studied were members of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development; a longitudinal study of a nationally representative cohort of births in 1946. Food intake was recorded in a 5 d diary at age 36 years in 1982, 43 years in 1989 and 53 years in 1999. The food composition database was amended with revised values for phytate. Outcome measures were mean intakes of total NSP and phytate by year, sex and food source. There were significant changes in total NSP and phytate intake over the three time points. Intakes of NSP rose significantly between 1982 and 1999 for men and women but phytate intakes rose significantly only between 1989 and 1999. Cereal foods were the most important source of both NSP and phytate. Between 1989 and 1999 there was a significant increase in the contribution from pasta, rice and other grains. The present study shows that an increase in dietary fibre that is in accordance with dietary guidelines would almost inevitably be accompanied by a rise in phytate. The increased dietary phytate is discussed in relation to its recognised inhibition of mineral absorption and its merits with regard to protection against some cancers and other diseases of an ageing population.

scholarly journals Sources of sodium in Australian children's diets and the effect of the application of sodium targets to food products to reduce sodium intake

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carley A. Grimes ◽  
Karen J. Campbell ◽  
Lynn J. Riddell ◽  
Caryl A. Nowson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
The Impact

The average reported dietary Na intake of children in Australia is high: 2694 mg/d (9–13 years). No data exist describing food sources of Na in Australian children's diets and potential impact of Na reduction targets for processed foods. The aim of the present study was to determine sources of dietary Na in a nationally representative sample of Australian children aged 2–16 years and to assess the impact of application of the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) Na reduction targets on Na intake. Na intake and use of discretionary salt (note: conversion of salt to Na, 1 g of NaCl (salt) = 390 mg Na) were assessed from 24-h dietary recall in 4487 children participating in the Australian 2007 Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Greatest contributors to Na intake across all ages were cereals and cereal-based products/dishes (43 %), including bread (13 %) and breakfast cereals (4 %). Other moderate sources were meat, poultry products (16 %), including processed meats (8 %) and sausages (3 %); milk products/dishes (11 %) and savoury sauces and condiments (7 %). Between 37 and 42 % reported that the person who prepares their meal adds salt when cooking and between 11 and 39 % added salt at the table. Those over the age of 9 years were more likely to report adding salt at the table (χ2199·5, df 6,P < 0·001). Attainment of the UK FSA Na reduction targets, within the present food supply, would result in a 20 % reduction in daily Na intake in children aged 2–16 years. Incremental reductions of this magnitude over a period of years could significantly reduce the Na intake of this group and further reductions could be achieved by reducing discretionary salt use.

scholarly journals Long work hours, weekend working and depressive symptoms in men and women: findings from a UK population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Weston ◽  
Afshin Zilanawala ◽  
Elizabeth Webb ◽  
Livia A Carvalho ◽  
Anne McMunn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundGlobalised and 24/7 business operations have fuelled demands for people to work long hours and weekends. Research on the mental health effects of these intensive temporal work patterns is sparse, contradictory or has not considered gender differences. Our objective was to examine the relationship between these work patterns and depressive symptoms in a large nationally representative sample of working men and women in the UK.MethodThe current study analysed data from Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study, of 11 215 men and 12 188 women in employment or self-employment at the time of the study. Ordinary least squares regression models, adjusted for potential confounders and psychosocial work factors, were used to estimate depressive symptoms across categories of work hours and weekend work patterns.ResultsRelative to a standard 35–40 hours/week, working 55 hours/week or more related to more depressive symptoms among women (ß=0.75, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.39), but not for men (ß=0.24, 95% CI −0.10 to 0.58). Compared with not working weekends, working most or all weekends related to more depressive symptoms for both men (ß=0.34, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.61) and women (ß=0.50, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.79); however, working some weekends only related to more depressive symptoms for men (ß=0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.55), not women (ß=0.17, 95% CI −0.09 to 0.42).ConclusionIncreased depressive symptoms were independently linked to working extra-long hours for women, whereas increased depressive symptoms were associated with working weekends for both genders, suggesting these work patterns may contribute to worse mental health.

Life Satisfaction across Four Stages of Adult Life

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris L. Medley
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
National Probability Sample

This investigation examines, via multivariate analysis, the effect of financial situation, health, standard of living and family life upon the life satisfaction of adult men and women. The stages of adulthood examined here include: Early Adulthood (ages 22–34), Early Middle Age (ages 35–44), Late Middle Age (ages 45–64), and Late Adulthood (ages 65 and older). The data used in this analysis were collected from a national probability sample (N=2164), but the present study includes only persons twenty-two years or older with a response for each item under investigation (N=1786). Life satisfaction was relatively high for both men and women at each stage across the lifespan. It was noted, however, that for men life satisfaction is related to age stage in a monotonic increasing fashion. On the other hand, life satisfaction scores remained relatively constant across the age stages for women. Family life and standard of living were found to be significant determinants of life satisfaction, for both sexes at each stage of adulthood.

Older People's Experiences of Loneliness in the UK: Does Gender Matter?

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina R. Victor ◽  
Sasha J. Scambler ◽  
Louise Marston ◽  
John Bond ◽  
Ann Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Survey Response Rate ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Older Men And Women

The extent and nature of loneliness in later life does not show a consistent relationship with gender. Our study investigates whether there are differences in the nature and extent of loneliness amongst older men and women in contemporary Britain.Loneliness was measured using a self-report four-point scale in a nationally representative survey of people aged 65+ living in the community.Survey response rate was 77 per cent and the sample of 999 approximates to that of the general population. Approximately half of our sample 53 per cent were women. Compared with males in the sample women were significantly more likely to be widowed, live alone and have direct contact with friends and relatives. Preliminary analysis identified statistically significant differences between men and women in and self-reported loneliness (and changes over the previous decade). Ordered logistic regression, indicated that gender was no longer independently associated with loneliness once the confounding influences of marital status, age and living arrangement were excluded.The overall self-reported prevalence of severe loneliness shows little difference between men and women, challenging the stereotype that loneliness is a specifically female experience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document