scholarly journals The acute effects of psyllium on postprandial lipaemia and thermogenesis in overweight and obese men

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1068-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khossousi ◽  
C. W. Binns ◽  
S. S. Dhaliwal ◽  
S. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Resting Energy

Overweight and obesity is one of the risk factors for developing CVD. At present, very little is known about the acute effects of dietary fibre on lipids, glucose and insulin, resting energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis in overweight and obese individuals. This study examined the postprandial metabolic effects of dietary fibre in overweight and obese men. Ten overweight and obese men consumed a mixed meal accompanied by either a high-fibre or low-fibre supplement on two separate visits, in a random order, 1 week apart. Two isoenergetic breakfast meals with similar composition were consumed by ten overweight/obese men. The meals contained either a low (3 g) or high (15 g) amount of fibre, low-fibre meal (LFM) and high-fibre meal (HFM) respectively. Analysis was carried out using paired t test and ANOVA. Serum TAG incremental area under the curve during 6 h of the postprandial period was significantly lower after the consumption of HFM compared with LFM. At the first hour of the postprandial period, plasma apo B48 concentration after consumption of HFM was significantly lower compared with LFM. The resting energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis after both meals was similar during 6 h of the postprandial period. Collectively, these findings suggest that a single acute dose of dietary fibre in the form of psyllium supplement can decrease arterial exposure to TAG and modify chylomicron responses in the postprandial period.

scholarly journals External validation of equations to estimate resting energy expenditure in 14952 adults with overweight and obesity and 1948 adults with normal weight from Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Bedogni ◽  
Simona Bertoli ◽  
Alessandro Leone ◽  
Ramona De Amicis ◽  
Elisa Lucchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Resting Energy

scholarly journals Methods for Estimating Resting Energy Expenditure Using Indirect Calorimetry in Adults with Overweight and Obesity (P13-030-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin Popp ◽  
Paige Illiano ◽  
Margaret Curran ◽  
Mary Ann Sevick ◽  
David St-Jules
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resting Period ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract Objectives Standard procedures to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry are time-consuming, and may be unnecessary. Indeed, the guidelines recommend a pre-test resting period of 30-minutes, followed by a 5-minute stabilization period, and then waiting until the first steady state period (SS), defined as a 5-minute period with a coefficient of variance (CV) of <10% for VO2 and VCO2, to estimate REE. The aim of the study was to evaluate alternative procedures for estimating REE in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods Indirect calorimetry was performed in 37 adults enrolled in a weight loss trial using a metabolic cart (Quark RMR, COSMED). The volume of oxygen (VO2) and volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2) were collected every 10 sec for ≥20-minutes following pre-test resting (10-mins) and stabilization (5-mins) periods. The measurement period was segmented into five-minute (REE6–10, REE11–15, REE16–20, and REE21–25) and rolling (REE6–15, REE6–20, and REE6–25) periods, and VO2, VCO2, and CV were calculated for each period. REE was calculated using standard criteria (REESS). Alternative SS periods of 3- and 4-minutes (REE3 and REE4) were applied to those who did not achieve REESS. REESS estimates were compared to the other estimates of REE using paired t-tests. Results Participants were 51 ± 14SD yo, primarily women (78%), and had a BMI of 35.4 ± 5.5SD kg/m2. REESS was achieved by 81% (n = 30) of all participants, and 54% (n = 20) achieved REESS during the first 5-minute period (REE6–10) following stabilization. Applying REE3 and REE4 criteria, those who did not reach REESS increased to 92% (n = 34). There were no significant differences between REESS, and REE3 (P = 0.21), REE4 (P = 0.40), REE6–10 (P = 0.38), REE6–15 (P = 0.15) or REE6–20 (P = 0.05). Conclusions The majority of adults with overweight and obesity met the standard criteria for SS following a reduced pre-test resting period. However, the non-significant difference between REESS and rolling averages suggest the standard criteria may be unnecessary in a group setting. Funding Sources American Heart Association.

Interferon-γ has immunomodulatory effects with minor endocrine and metabolic effects in humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Metz ◽  
F. Sprangers ◽  
E. Endert ◽  
M. T. Ackermans ◽  
I. J. M. ten Berge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Resting Energy

To evaluate whether interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is involved in the interaction between the immune and endocrine systems in vivo, we studied six healthy subjects twice in a placebo-controlled trial: once after administration of recombinant human IFN-γ and, on another occasion, after administration of saline. The rate of appearance of glucose was determined by infusion of [6,6-2H2]glucose and resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. Human leukocyte antigen-DR gene expression on monocytes and serum neopterin increased after administration of IFN-γ ( P < 0.05 vs. control). IFN-γ increased serum interleukin-6 levels significantly. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α remained below detection limits. IFN-γ increased plasma concentrations of ACTH and cortisol ( P < 0.05 vs. control), IFN-γ did not alter concentrations of growth hormone, (nor)epinephrine, insulin, C peptide, glucagon, or insulin-like growth factor I. IFN-γ did not alter plasma concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids nor the rate of appearance of glucose. IFN-γ increased resting energy expenditure significantly. We conclude that IFN-γ is a minor stimulator of the endocrine and metabolic pathways. Therefore, IFN-γ by itself is probably not a major mediator in the interaction between the immune and the endocrine and metabolic systems.

Development and validation of new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in adults with overweight and obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 2198-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Orozco-Ruiz ◽  
Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros ◽  
Armando R. Tovar ◽  
Nimbe Torres ◽  
Isabel Medina-Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Predictive Equation ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Resting Energy

Energy expenditure and substrate metabolism measured by 24 h whole-body calorimetry in patients receiving cyclic and continuous total parenteral nutrition

1991 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pullicino ◽  
G. R. Goldberg ◽  
M. Elia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Activity Energy ◽  
Resting Energy

1. Twenty-four hour energy expenditure and its components, i.e. ‘basal metabolic rate', activity energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis were measured, using continuous whole-body indirect calorimetry, in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition while in remission from Crohn's disease (weight 51.9 ± 9.9 kg, body mass index 19.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2). 2. Total parenteral nutrition was infused continuously over 24 h in four subjects and cyclically, between 22.00 and 10.00 hours, in eight subjects. Twenty-four hour energy expenditure (6.83 ± 1.10 MJ/24 h) was lower than total energy intake (10.09 ± 1.63 MJ/24 h), resulting in a positive energy balance (3.26 ± 1.42 MJ) in all subjects. Repeated measurements of resting energy expenditure in the continuously fed subjects (5.82 ± 1.11 MJ/24 h) did not change significantly at different times of day (coefficient of variation 2.2–6.6%). In contrast, in cyclically fed subjects, resting energy expenditure was 24.2 ± 9.0% higher towards the end of the 12 h feeding period than the ‘basal metabolic rate', which was measured just before the start of the feeding period. 3. Diet-induced thermogenesis, calculated as the increment in resting energy expenditure above ‘basal metabolic rate’ over the 24 h period (adjusted for the reduction in energy expenditure during sleep), was found to be 0.60 ± 0.29 MJ or 6.1 ± 3.1% of the energy intake. 4. The energy cost of activity (activity energy expenditure) in the continuously fed patients, calculated as the difference between 24 h energy expenditure and the integrated 24 h measurements of resting energy expenditure, was 0.88 ± 0.53 MJ, i.e. 12.9 ± 5.9% of the 24 h energy expenditure. 5. The non-protein nonglycerol respiratory quotient exceeded 1.0 for varying periods of time (0.5–17 h) in 11 subjects, indicating net lipogenesis from carbohydrate. 6. The results demonstrate favourable rates of deposition, during intravenous feeding, of both energy and nitrogen over a 24 h period in patients recovering from an episode of Crohn's disease. The efficacy of these commonly used total parenteral nutrition regimens in these patients is related to three features that are absent in normal healthy individuals, namely a low basal metabolic rate, a low activity-related energy expenditure and prolonged periods of lipogenesis from carbohydrate.

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