Cocoa and cocoa fibre differentially modulate IgA and IgM production at mucosal sites

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that a 10 % cocoa (C10) diet, containing polyphenols and fibre among others, modifies intestinal and systemic Ig production. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of C10 on IgA and IgM production in the intestinal and extra-intestinal mucosal compartments, establishing the involvement of cocoa fibre (CF) in such effects. Mechanisms by which C10 intake may affect IgA synthesis in the salivary glands were also studied. To this effect, rats were fed either a standard diet, a diet containing C10, CF or inulin. Intestinal (the gut wash (GW), Peyer’s patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)) and extra-intestinal (salivary glands) mucosal tissues and blood samples were collected for IgA and IgM quantification. The gene expressions of IgA production- and homing-related molecules were studied in the salivary glands. The C10 diet decreased intestinal IgA and IgM production. Although the CF diet decreased the GW IgA concentration, it increased PP, MLN and serum IgA concentrations. Both the C10 and the CF diets produced a down-regulatory effect on IgA secretion in the extra-intestinal tissues. The C10 diet interacted with the mechanisms involved in IgA synthesis, whereas the CF showed particular effects on the homing and transcytosis of IgA across the salivary glands. Overall, CF was able to up-regulate IgA production in the intestinal-inductor compartments, whereas it down-regulated its production at the mucosal-effector ones. Further studies must be directed to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the effect of particular cocoa components on gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

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Leptin and adiponectin supplementation modifies mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte composition and functionality in suckling rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517003786 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 119 (5) ◽

pp. 486-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Blanca Grases-Pintó ◽

Mar Abril-Gil ◽

Maria J. Rodríguez-Lagunas ◽

Margarida Castell ◽

Francisco J. Pérez-Cano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽

Early Life ◽

Suckling Period ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Trophic Effect ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Intestinal Immune System ◽

Intestinal Iga

AbstractAt birth, when immune responses are insufficient, there begins the development of the defence capability against pathogens. Leptin and adiponectin, adipokines that are present in breast milk, have been shown to play a role in the regulation of immune responses. We report here, for the first time, the influence of in vivo adipokine supplementation on the intestinal immune system in early life. Suckling Wistar rats were daily supplemented with leptin (0·7 μg/kg per d, n 36) or adiponectin (35 μg/kg per d, n 36) during the suckling period. The lymphocyte composition, proliferation and cytokine secretion from mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes (on days 14 and 21), as well as intestinal IgA and IgM concentration (day 21), were evaluated. At day 14, leptin supplementation significantly increased the TCRαβ+ cell proportion in mesenteric lymph nodes, in particular owing to an increase in the TCRαβ+ CD8+ cell population. Moreover, the leptin or adiponectin supplementation promoted the early development CD8+ cells, with adiponectin being the only adipokine capable of enhancing the lymphoproliferative ability at the end of the suckling period. Although leptin decreased intestinal IgA concentration, it had a trophic effect on the intestine in early life. Supplementation of both adipokines modulated the cytokine profile during (day 14) and at the end (day 21) of the suckling period. These results suggest that leptin and adiponectin during suckling play a role in the development of mucosal immunity in early life.

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Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 Supplementation in Rats during Pregnancy and Lactation Impacts Maternal and Offspring Lipid Profile, Immune System and Microbiota

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9030575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 575 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ignasi Azagra-Boronat ◽

Alba Tres ◽

Malén Massot-Cladera ◽

Àngels Franch ◽

Margarida Castell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Cytotoxic Cells ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Intestinal Iga

Probiotics have shown potential for their use in early life. This study aimed to investigate whether the administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 during pregnancy and lactation periods impacts maternal and offspring plasma lipid profile, immune system and microbiota. Rats were supplemented with the probiotic during gestation and two weeks of lactation. After supplementation, although the microbiota composition was not affected, the probiotic strain was detected in all cecal contents of dams and in some of their pups. Dams showed reduced proportion of T cytotoxic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, modulation of intestinal cytokines (IL-10 and IL-12) and changes in plasma fatty acids (20:0, 22:0, 20:5 n-3, and 18:3 n-6). Pups showed changes in immunoglobulins (intestinal IgA and plasmatic IgG2a and IgG2c) and fatty acid profile (17:0, 22:0, and 18:2 n-6). Overall, Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 supplementation contributed to beneficially modulating the immune system of the mother and its offspring.

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Impact of cocoa polyphenol extracts on the immune system and microbiota in two strains of young rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514003080 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (12) ◽

pp. 1944-1954 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Malen Massot-Cladera ◽

Mar Abril-Gil ◽

Sandra Torres ◽

Àngels Franch ◽

Margarida Castell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intervention ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Brown Norway ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Wistar Strain ◽

Rat Strain ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Sources

A diet containing 10 % cocoa, a rich source of polyphenols and fibre, is able to modify intestinal immune status as well as microbiota composition. The present study was aimed at investigating whether cocoa flavonoid content is uniquely responsible for these modulatory effects of cocoa, and to establish whether these effects depend on the rat strain. To this end, 3-week-old Wistar and Brown Norway rats were fed, for 4 weeks, either a standard diet or the following three isoenergetic diets containing increasing proportions of cocoa flavonoids from different sources: one with 0·2 % polyphenols (from conventional defatted cocoa), and two others with 0·4 and 0·8 % polyphenols (from non-fermented cocoa, very rich in polyphenols). Serum Ig concentrations, faecal IgA levels, microbiota composition and IgA-coating bacterial proportion were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. After the nutritional intervention, the composition of lymphocytes in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes was evaluated. In some respects, the Wistar strain was more sensitive to the impact of the cocoa diets than the Brown Norway strain. After 4 weeks of dietary intervention, similar modulatory effects of the diets containing 0·2 and 0·8 % polyphenols on mucosal IgA levels and microbiota composition were found, although the 0·2 % diet, with a higher proportion of theobromine and fibre, had more impact, suggesting that polyphenols are not the only components involved in such effects.

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Role of mesenteric lymph nodes and aging in secretory IgA production in mice

Cellular Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.cellimm.2008.06.004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 253 (1-2) ◽

pp. 5-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A.F. Santiago ◽

R.M. Fernandes ◽

B.P. Santos ◽

F.A. Assis ◽

R.P. Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Iga Production

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IgA production, coliforms analysis and intestinal mucosa morphology of piglets that received probiotics with viable or inactivated cells

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2007000600004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 241-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria A. Martins Rodrigues ◽

Deise A. de Oliveira Silva ◽

Ernesto A. Taketomi ◽

Francisco J. Hernandez-Blazquez

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽

Control Group ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Health And Development ◽

Iga Production

Two types of probiotics were used in piglets. One product is a mixed culture of viable Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium e Bifidobacterium bifidum. The second product is composed of inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus cells. The piglets received two weekly oral doses for 30 days while a control group did not receive probiotics. All piglets were euthanized at the 30th day of life and the mesenteric lymph nodes, the small intestine, and blood samples were collected. The tissue samples were studied by light microscopy and the blood serum was analyzed by ELISA method. The treatment with the probiotic with viable cells produced higher serum levels of IgA (P<0.05) and more IgA expressing cells were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes than observed in the inactivated cells treatment or control groups (P<0.05). Also, intestinal villi were longer, crypts were deeper (P<0.05) and fecal coliform count was lower than found in the inactivated product (P<0.05). These results suggest that viable probiotics are more efficient than inactivated probiotics to induce immunostimulation and intestinal modifications in piglets, thus improving their health and development.

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PET/CT targeted tissue sampling reveals virus specific dIgA can alter the distribution and localization of HIV after rectal exposure

10.1101/2020.12.23.423870 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Roslyn A. Taylor ◽

Sixia Xiao ◽

Ann M. Carias ◽

Michael D. McRaven ◽

Divya N. Thakkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Fluorescent Microscopy ◽

Hiv Vaccines ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Mucosal Tissues ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Antibody Class ◽

Photoactivatable Gfp

AbstractHIV vaccines have not been successful in clinical trials. Dimeric IgA (dIgA) is the most abundant antibody class in mucosal tissues, making dIgA a prime candidate for potential HIV vaccines. We coupled Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging and fluorescent microscopy of 64Cu-labeled, photoactivatable-GFP HIV (PA-GFP-BaL) and fluorescently labeled dIgA to determine how dIgA antibodies influence virus interaction with mucosal barriers and viral penetration in colorectal tissue. Our results show that HIV virions rapidly disseminate throughout the colon two hours after exposure. The presence of dIgA resulted in an increase in virions and penetration depth in the transverse colon. Moreover, virions were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes two hours after viral exposure, and the presence of dIgA led to an increase in virions in mesenteric lymph nodes. Taken together, these technologies enable in vivo and in situ visualization of antibody-virus interactions and detailed investigations of early events in HIV infection.

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PET/CT targeted tissue sampling reveals virus specific dIgA can alter the distribution and localization of HIV after rectal exposure

PLoS Pathogens ◽

10.1371/journal.ppat.1009632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. e1009632

Author(s):

Roslyn A. Taylor ◽

Sixia Xiao ◽

Ann M. Carias ◽

Michael D. McRaven ◽

Divya N. Thakkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Fluorescent Microscopy ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Hiv Vaccines ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Mucosal Tissues ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Photoactivatable Gfp

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines have not been successful in clinical trials. Dimeric IgA (dIgA) in the form of secretory IgA is the most abundant antibody class in mucosal tissues, making dIgA a prime candidate for potential HIV vaccines. We coupled Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging and fluorescent microscopy of 64Cu-labeled, photoactivatable-GFP HIV (PA-GFP-BaL) and fluorescently labeled dIgA to determine how dIgA antibodies influence virus interaction with mucosal barriers and viral penetration in colorectal tissue. Our results show that HIV virions rapidly disseminate throughout the colon two hours after exposure. The presence of dIgA resulted in an increase in virions and penetration depth in the transverse colon. Moreover, virions were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes two hours after viral exposure, and the presence of dIgA led to an increase in virions in mesenteric lymph nodes. Taken together, these technologies enable in vivo and in situ visualization of antibody-virus interactions and detailed investigations of early events in HIV infection.

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