scholarly journals Energy density of the diets of Japanese adults in relation to food and nutrient intake and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional analysis from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
M. Barbara E. Livingstone ◽  
Hitomi Okubo ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Food And Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

AbstractThe associations of dietary energy density with dietary intake and obesity have been largely unexplored in non-Western populations. The present cross-sectional study examined the associations using data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Dietary intake was assessed using a 1-d semi-weighed dietary record in 15 618 Japanese adults aged ≥20 years. Mean dietary energy density (calculated on the basis of foods only) was 5·98 (sd 1·20) kJ/g in men and 5·72 (sd 1·16) kJ/g in women. Dietary energy density was positively associated with intakes of bread, noodles (only men), meat, fats and oils, and sugar and confectionery but inversely with intakes of white rice (only men), potatoes, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and fish and shellfish. For nutrient intake, dietary energy density was positively associated with total fat and SFA but inversely associated with all other nutrients examined such as protein, carbohydrate, alcohol (only women), dietary fibre, and several vitamins and minerals, including Na. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, dietary energy density was positively associated with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥80 cm) in women (adjusted prevalence ratio between the extreme tertiles 1·07; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·12; Pfor trend=0·003). Dietary energy density was also positively but non-significantly associated with general obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m2) in women (Pfor trend=0·08). There were no such associations in men. In conclusion, lower energy density of the diets of Japanese adults was associated with favourable food and nutrient intake patterns, except for higher Na, and, in only women, a lower prevalence of abdominal obesity.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Energy Intake or Obesity with Hypertension: Results from Two Population-based Studies (P18-014-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Gao ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Energy Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Objectives We aimed to investigate the association of dietary energy intake or obesity with the prevalence of hypertension, and explored the potential mediators in this relationship. Methods We conducted a comprehensive and in-depth assessment in the cross-sectional survey of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) four cross-sectional cohorts (2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2011–2012) of 17,746 participants aged 20–74 years, and validated the significant findings in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS, 2004–2011) of 31,582 subjects. We validated whether insulin resistance (IR), fasting glucose (FG), total cholesterol (TC) or triglyceride (TG) levels could play a mediation role in the association of dietary energy intake or obesity with hypertension. Results We found that the relationship between dietary energy intake and prevalence of hypertension in the NHANES is U-shaped (P for quadratic = 0.002). Compared to the participants in the third quintile category of dietary energy intake, the multivariable odds radios (OR) in the first and fifth quintile category were 1.33 (1.10–1.61) and 1.13 (0.96–1.33), respectively. We observed the prevalence of hypertension in obese and abdominal obesity participants were both significantly higher than normal subjects (all P-values < 0.001), the multivariable ORs in NHANES is 3.23 (2.78–3.76) and 2.31 (2.08–2.57), in CHNS is 4.78 (4.31–5.30) and 2.71 (2.54–2.90). Mediation analyses consistently indicated that the associations between obesity and abdominal obesity with hypertension were mediated mainly by IR as measured by the homeostasis model (HOMA2-IR), followed by FG, TG and TC in the two studies. The proportions via the mediation of insulin/HOMA2-IR was 28.41∼36.74%, FG was 10.43∼12.63%, TG was 6.24∼8.55% and TC was 0.57∼0.66%, respectively. Conclusions In this study, the relationships between obesity and abdominal obesity with the risk of hypertension were both significantly positive. Meanwhile, consuming more and less dietary energy were both risk factors of hypertension. Funding Sources This work was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81573134 81202,282) received by Xiaoyan Wu. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Debunking the High Cost of Healthy Diets: Consumer Behavior Predicts Dietary Energy Density in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712097012
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Vernarelli ◽  
Rebecca DiSarro
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Dietary Energy Density ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Dietary energy density (ED; kcal/g) is an established marker for diet quality and a risk factor for obesity. Previous studies have suggested that low-ED diets cost more than high-ED diets, adding an economic contribution to the obesity epidemic. This study evaluated the relationship between consumer behavior (money spent on food) and dietary energy density in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Design, Setting and Subjects: Data from 10,622 adult participants in the 2013-2016 NHANES were used for this study. The NHANES is a large cross-sectional survey conducted by the CDC and NCHS. Measures: Consumer behavior was evaluated by examining total dollars spent on food, as well as dollars spent at various categories of food stores & restaurants. Dietary ED was calculated using multiple methods. Analysis: Multivariate regression models were then used to evaluate the relationship between consumer behavior, defined as money spent in four categories (groceries, take-out, dining out, other food purchases) and dietary energy density. Results: Low-ED diets did not cost more than high-ED diets overall, though low-ED diets contained more servings of fruits (1.6 vs 0.4), vegetables (2.2 vs 0.9) and fiber (21 vs 13g), and fewer added sugars (15 vs. 18 tsp), solid fats (28 vs 39g), all p’s < 0.01. Differences in spending patterns were identified. A positive linear trend between money spent on fast food/takeout and dietary energy density (p < 0.001) was observed. Additionally, individuals in the lowest quartile of ED spent more at grocery stores per person than individuals in the highest quartile of ED ($182 vs. $150 p = 0.04). Conclusion: Spending pattern and consumer choices are associated with dietary ED in this cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative population sample. Identifying eating behaviors associated with diets high in energy density may inform future investigations that intervene on dietary habit for promotion of healthy eating and prevention of weight gain.

Dietary sodium:potassium ratio and CVD risk factors among Japanese adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study of pooled data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2003–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Chika Okada ◽  
Mai Matsumoto ◽  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Japanese Adults

AbstractFew studies have reported associations between the Na:K ratio and risk factors related to CVD among the general population in Asian countries. This study aimed to investigate the dietary Na:K ratio association with CVD risk factors among Japanese adults. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 48 800 Japanese participants (19 386 men and 29 414 women) aged ≥20 years, registered in the 2003–2017 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Multivariate OR and 95 % CI for risk of hypertension, high glycated HbA1c levels, hypercholesterolaemia, low serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and high non-HDL-cholesterol levels according to the Na:K ratio were estimated using logistic regression models. Dietary Na:K ratio decreased for both men and women from 2003 to 2017. Higher Na:K ratio and higher hypertension prevalence were observed (multivariate OR (fifth v. first quintiles) 1·27, 95 % CI 1·15, 1·40; Pfor trend < 0·001 for men and 1·12, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·23; Pfor trend = 0·007 for women). Higher Na:K ratio was associated with higher prevalence of high HbA1c levels in men (multivariate OR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·24, 1·96). Prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol levels was increased with higher Na:K ratio (Pfor trend =0·002 for men and <0·001 for women). No significant associations were found between Na:K ratio and hypercholesterolaemia in men or high non-HDL-cholesterol levels in both men and women. Our findings suggest that dietary Na:K ratio is associated with several CVD risk factors among Japanese adults.

Consumption of meals prepared away from home is related to the inadequacy of dietary fibre and minerals intake among Japanese adults aged 18-64 years: analysis from the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Matsumoto ◽  
Aki Saito ◽  
Chika Okada ◽  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Ryoko Tajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
National Health ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Dietary Record

Abstract Background: Consumption of home-prepared meals may lead to better nutritional intake. Few studies have examined the association between the frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home and the adequacy of nutritional intake based on nutritional standards. We therefore aimed to investigate this issue among Japanese adults.Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, involving 921 men and 1300 women aged 18–64 years, conducted as a cross-sectional survey. The frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was defined using two questions inquiring about the frequency of eating out and take-away meals. Data on dietary intake were collected using a one-day semi-weighed household dietary record. The inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed by comparing estimated average requirement (EAR) level for 14 nutrients and the range of the dietary goal (DG) for seven nutrients according to the 2015 version of the Dietary Reference Intake for Japanese. Participants were stratified into three groups based on the frequency of consumption of home-prepared meals. Group differences in nutrients inadequacy were assessed using the covariate and logistic regression analysis, respectively.Results: The proportion of participants who consumed home-prepared meals almost every day were 34.9% among men and 46.8% among women, and the proportion of those rarely consuming were 14.7% and 6.3%, respectively.A higher frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with lower intake and adequacy of dietary fiber and minerals (iron, calcium, potassium etc.), and with lower intake of vegetables and lower intake of oils.Conclusions: High frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with insufficient intake of dietary fiber and multiple mineral intakes among Japanese adults. Dietary fiber and mineral intake may be the potential target of interventions aimed at improving nutrient intake in individuals who predominantly eat food prepared away from home.

scholarly journals Dietary energy density: a mediator of depressive symptoms and abdominal obesity or independent predictor of abdominal obesity?

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daurice A Grossniklaus ◽  
Sandra B Dunbar ◽  
Rebecca Gary ◽  
Beth C Tohill ◽  
Jennifer K Frediani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

scholarly journals Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Its Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics and Diet Quality in a Representative Sample of French Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Giovanna Calixto Andrade ◽  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Valérie Deschamps ◽  
Bernard Srour ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

The present study aims to describe ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption in a representative sample of French adults and to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and socioeconomic characteristics and nutritional profile of the diet. This is a cross-sectional study using food consumption data from the Étude Nationale Nutrition Santé (ENNS), conducted with 2642 participants (18–74 years old), between February 2006 and March 2007 in France. Dietary data were collected through three 24-h dietary recalls. All food and beverages were classified according to the NOVA classification. The energy contribution of NOVA food groups to total energy intake was presented by categories of sociodemographic characteristics. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between the percentage of UPF in the diet with nutritional indicators. The mean daily energy consumption of the adult French population was 2111 kcal, of which 31.1% came from UPF. This percentage was higher among younger individuals, and in the urban area, and lower among individuals with incomplete high school and individuals who were retired. The consumption of UPF was positively associated with the dietary energy density and the dietary contents of total carbohydrates, free sugar, and total and saturated fat, as well as with inadequate dietary energy density, saturated fat, free sugar, and fiber intakes.

scholarly journals The Association of Dietary Energy Density and Body Composition Components in a Sample of Iranian Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Bazshahi ◽  
Sanaz Pourreza ◽  
Hossein Imani ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between the energy density (ED) of diet and body composition components in Iranian adults.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 267 adults in Tehran. We obtained ED (kcal/g) using the two most common methods: ED1, ED from foods only with the exclusion of all beverages and ED2, from foods and all beverages. Body composition was measured using a multifrequency bio-impedance analysis. To find a strong association, we used both the linear and binary regression analysis in the three adjusted models.Results: The mean of ED1 and ED2 was 1.34 ± 0.23 and 0.89 ± 0.20 kcal/g, respectively. Increasing the ED of diet in both methods was associated with a high intake of dietary fat, of saturated fatty acid (SFA), of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), of oleic and linoleic acids, accompanied by a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and some vitamins and minerals. There was a significant positive relationship between fat-free mass index (FFMI) and ED1 (β = 4.44, p = 0.02). However, we found no significant association between the consumption of ED1 and fat mass index (FMI) (0.28; 95% CI 0.08, 0.98; p = 0.07), and abdominal obesity (0.91; 95% CI 0.43, 1.94; p = 0.82). Also, ED2 had no association with FMI (0.86; 95% CI 0.26, 2.80; p = 0.81) and abdominal obesity (0.78; 95% CI 0.35, 1.72; p = 0.54). No significant associations were found between ED and other anthropometric indices and body composition components after considering the confounders.Conclusion: This study supports the positive association between ED and poor dietary quality. However, our findings did not show significant associations of dietary energy density (DED) with anthropometric indices and body composition components. Further well-designed studies are required to investigate the exact link between DED and body composition.

scholarly journals The Cross-Sectional Association of Energy Intake and Dietary Energy Density with Body Composition of Children in Southwest China

Nutrients ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 5396-5412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhou ◽  
Hongmei Xue ◽  
Ruonan Duan ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Lishi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

Frequency of meals that includes staple, main and side dishes and nutrient intake: findings from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata ◽  
Kayo Kurotani ◽  
Miyuki Adachi ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Side Dishes ◽  
Calcium Iron

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and a straightforward Japanese nutritional goal of consuming a meal that includes staple, main and side dishes (SMS meal) more than twice a day. Design: This was a cross-sectional, observational study using the data from de-identified records of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary assessment was conducted using semi-weighed dietary records that were completed on one weekday. Setting: A home-based setting in Japan. Participants: 30 269 subjects (male n 14 284; female n 15 985) aged ≥6 years (6–103 years, mean 50·4 (sd 22·3) years). Results: As the frequency of SMS meals increased, we found a higher intake of most nutrients and each food group. Subjects who consumed SMS meals at least twice a day were more likely to meet the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Japan compared with subjects who consumed an SMS meal once a day or less. However, the frequency of SMS meals did not necessarily ensure that DRI for Japan for saturated fatty acid, vitamin A, vitamin B1, calcium, iron and salt were met. Conclusions: Consuming SMS meals at least twice a day is a useful and straightforward nutrition goal to achieve adequate intake of some nutrients. However, it is necessary to provide the public with more information on foodstuff choice to ensure an adequate intake of all nutrients.

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