scholarly journals Maternal dietary pattern characterised by high protein and low carbohydrate intake in pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women: a prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhen Zhou ◽  
Renjuan Chen ◽  
Chunrong Zhong ◽  
Jiangyue Wu ◽  
Xiating Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractMaternal dietary patterns and macronutrients intake have been shown to affect the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the findings are inconsistent. We aimed to identify maternal dietary patterns and examine their associations with GDM risk, and to evaluate the contributions of macronutrients intake to these associations. We included 2755 Chinese pregnant women from the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ 2 weeks before the diagnosis of GDM. GDM (n 248) was diagnosed based on the results of a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks gestation. We derived five different dietary patterns from a principal component analysis. The results showed that high fish–meat–eggs scores, which were positively related to protein intake and inversely related to carbohydrate intake, were associated with a higher risk of GDM (adjusted OR for quartile 4 v. quartile 1: 1·83; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·79; Ptrend=0·007) and higher plasma glucose levels. In contrast, high rice–wheat–fruits scores, which were positively related to carbohydrate intake and inversely related to protein intake, were associated with lower risk of GDM (adjusted OR for quartile 3 v. quartile 1: 0·54; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·83; Ptrend=0·010) and lower plasma glucose levels. In addition, dietary protein and carbohydrate intake significantly contributed to the associations between dietary patterns and GDM risk or glucose levels. These findings suggest that a dietary pattern characterised by high protein and low carbohydrate intake in pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of GDM, which may provide important clues for dietary guidance during pregnancy to prevent GDM.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for the Requirement of Antenatal Insulin Treatment in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayu Watanabe ◽  
Akihiro Katayama ◽  
Hidetoshi Kagawa ◽  
Daisuke Ogawa ◽  
Jun Wada
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Glucose Levels

Poor maternal glycemic control increases maternal and fetal risk for adverse outcomes, and strict management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is recommended to prevent neonatal and maternal complications. However, risk factors for the requirement of antenatal insulin treatment (AIT) are not well-investigated in the pregnant women with GDM. We enrolled 37 pregnant women with GDM and investigated the risk for AIT by comparing the patients with AIT (AIT group;n=10) and without insulin therapy (Diet group;n=27). The 1-h and 2-h plasma glucose levels and the number of abnormal values in 75 g OGTT were significantly higher in AIT group compared with Diet group. By logistic regression analysis, plasma glucose level at 1-h was significant predictor for AIT and the odds ratios were 1.115 (1.004–1.239) using forward selection method and 1.192 (1.006–1.413) using backward elimination method. There were no significant differences in obstetrical outcomes and neonatal complications. 1-h plasma glucose levels in 75 g OGTT are useful parameters in predicting the requirement for AIT in GDM. Both maternal and neonatal complications are comparable in GDM patients with and without insulin therapy.

scholarly journals Theranostic Advances of Bionanomaterials against Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Mahmood Barani ◽  
Saman Sargazi ◽  
Vahideh Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Abbas Rahdar ◽  
Sadanand Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Preliminary Review ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Opportunity ◽  
In Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent complication during pregnancy. This complex disease is characterized by glucose intolerance and consequent hyperglycemia that begins or is first diagnosed in pregnancy, and affects almost 7% of pregnant women. Previous reports have shown that GDM is associated with increased pregnancy complications and might cause abnormal fetal development. At present, treatments are not suitable for the prevention and management of these patients. As an alternative therapeutic opportunity and a leading scientific technique, nanotechnology has helped enlighten the health of these affected women. Theranostic nanomaterials with unique properties and small sizes (at least < 100 nm in one of their dimensions) have been recently engineered for clinics and pharmaceutics. Reducing materials to the nanoscale has successfully changed their properties and enabled them to uniquely interact with cell biomolecules. Several biosensing methods have been developed to monitor glucose levels in GDM patients. Moreover, cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs), selenium NPs, polymeric NPs, and drug-loaded NPs loaded with therapeutic agents have been used for GDM treatment. Still, there are some challenges associated with the detection limits and toxicity of such nanomaterials. This preliminary review covers the aspects from a fast-developing field to generating nanomaterials and their applications in GDM diagnosis and treatment.

Maternal Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Pregnancy and Increased Nocturnal Glucose Levels in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

CHEST Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-365
Author(s):  
Raphieal Newbold ◽  
Andrea Benedetti ◽  
R. John Kimoff ◽  
Sara Meltzer ◽  
Natasha Garfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Maternal Sleep ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Disordered Breathing

scholarly journals Association of Serum Sex-Hormone-Binding Globulin in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Asma Sharmin ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hossain Khan ◽  
Jesmin Jahan ◽  
Md Shameem ◽  
Shahzadi Afruza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Shbg Level ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background & objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication and is associated with increase maternal and neonatal morbidity. Circulating Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance, and insulin resistance is the hallmark of GDM. This study was carried out to investigate SHBG level in pregnancy and to analyze the association of SHBG with GDM. Materials & Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the antenatal clinic of the department of obstetrics & gynecology, BSMMU, Shahbag, Dhaka, over a period of 12 months between August 2017 to July 2018. Participants were 80 in number, aged between 18 to 35 years, having singleton pregnancy with 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. 40 GDM cases were enrolled as the case, and 40 non-GDM cases were enrolled as the control. Pregnant women with overt diabetes/diabetes in pregnancy, previous history of GDM, pre-eclampsia, gestational/chronic hypertension, known case of liver disease, thyroid disorder, acute or chronic renal disease, congenital fetal anomaly, multiple pregnancies, smoking, H/O polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was excluded from the study. Comparison of means made by using Student t-test and categorical data were analyzed by Chi-square Test, and Pearson's correlation was utilized between serum sex-hormone binding globulin level nmol/L with fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) and 2-hour after 75g glucose (mmol/L). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The median value of serum SHBG was 245.0nmol/L (195.8-278.1) in the case group and 390.1nmol/L (310.2-465.3) in the control group. Women with GDM were found to have significantly lower levels of SHBG compared to the controls (p<0.05). There was a moderate negative significant correlation (r=-0.621; p=0.001) between fasting plasma glucose (mmol) with serum SHBG (nmol/l) in GDM patients. On the other hand, there was a weak negative but not significant correlation (r=-0.229; p=0.155) was found between 2 hours after plasma glucose with serum SHBG in the GDM group. Conclusion: A significantly lower SHBG level is associated with GDM. TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 80-85

scholarly journals SUN-LB117 Faster Acting Insulin Aspart in Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - an Early Experience From India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supratik Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Aspart ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Aims: This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness and safety of faster acting insulin aspart in patients with gestational diabetes. Though faster acting insulin aspart is approved to be used in pregnancy by regulatory bodies like USFDA, EMA and DCGI (India), no data is published till date on its usage in pregnancy. Settings and Design: An open-label, nonrandomized, and observational study conducted at single centre at Kolkata, India. Subjects and Methods: A total of 37 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were included in the analysis. Patients were started on insulin therapy (faster acting insulin aspart ± basal insulin) once medical nutrition therapy for 2 weeks failed to achieve control, that is., fasting plasma glucose ≥90 mg/dL and/or 1.0 h postprandial plasma glucose ≥130 mg/dL. Basal insulin dose was titrated to achieve a fasting of 90-100 and the Faster aspart was titrated to achieve a post-meal of 120 and not exceeding 130. Patients were followed once every 4 weeks until the 28th week, then once every 2 weeks until 32nd week, then once every week until delivery, and the final visit was on 30 ± 7 days after delivery of the child. Results: Out of 37 full term deliveries, only two had macrosomia. No congenital defects were noted in the anomaly scan and at births. There were no episodes of neonatal hypoglycemia reported. Only one episode of post-meal symptomatic maternal hypoglycemia was reported. Mean number of FiASP injections per day was 2.88 ± 0.39. Mean daily dose of FiASP used was 22.7 ± 6 international units. A total of 89% of the patients received faster aspart thrice daily and remaining received it twice daily. Conclusions: Faster acting insulin aspart was found safe in pregnancy, however, more studies with double-blind, standard controlled studies are required to confirm the findings of this study.

scholarly journals The correlation between the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal age in Southern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Yi Zhao ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Xiao-Ming Yang ◽  
Xiang-Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Iadpsg Criteria

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to survey the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Southern China and further to analyze the correlation between the prevalence of GDM and maternal age. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China between January and April 2020. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) was performed, using a 75 g glucose load and venous samples were drawn at 0 h, 1 h and 2 h at 24–28 weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Results The prevalence of GDM was 14.87% by IADPSG criteria. The incidence of GDM outcome increased and plasma glucose levels remained high among the age subgroups (<20, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, ≥40 years old) in pregnant women. Moreover, the levels of plasma glucose levels after OGTT kept rising among the pregnant women with non-gestational diabetes mellitus (non-GDM). Furthermore, pregnant women were inclined to have abnormal plasma glucose values at 1 h and 2 h than initial fasting plasma glucose (FPG) after OGTT as the age increased. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the incidence of GDM outcome and plasma glucose levels increase as the maternal age increase.

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