Latitudinal and seasonal changes of nocturnal illumination with a hypothesis about their effect on catches of insects in light-traps

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Summer Solstice ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Trap Sample ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAn account is given of changes in nocturnal illumination at the spring and autumn equinoxes and summer and winter solstices at latitudes between 50 and 60°N. A Relative Trap Index (RTI) was devised to describe changes in light-trap effectiveness and used to adjust catches of Noctuidae and Geometridae for change in trap effectiveness caused by seasonal and latitudinal change in nocturnal illumination at latitudes between 50 and 58°N. When so adjusted, catches were frequently larger in northern than in southern latitudes, not smaller as unadjusted catches show. It is clear that unless light-trap catches are adjusted to allow for changes of illumination, comparisons over time and space, particularly those which involve assumptions about sample constancy, are suspect. Because of the large differences in RTI that may exist between northern and southern traps, particularly in summer and between the summer solstice and other times, it may be necessary to use different light sources at different times of year to maintain a consistent trap sample.

An Analysis of Factors Affecting Catches of Insects in Light-Traps

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractAnalysis of published data on catches of insects in light-traps with a variety of light sources and of different designs showed that all conformed to the previously proposed model describing the functioning of a light-trap: catch = constant × where W = trap illumination and I = background illumination. Light-trap catches in differing cloud conditions and in open and woodland situations also varied as predicted by the model. A table of correction factors for different amounts of cloud cover is provided. The results are discussed in relation to use of light-traps and interpretation of light-trap data.

Relationship to human biting collections and influence of light and bednet in CDC light-trap catches of West African malaria vectors

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Costantini ◽  
N.F. Sagnon ◽  
E. Sanogo ◽  
L. Merzagora ◽  
M. Coluzzi
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
West African ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Incandescent Bulb ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractThe efficiency of miniature CDC light-traps in catching West African malaria vectors was evaluated during two rainy seasons in a village near Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Traps were employed both indoors and outdoors using human baits protected by an insecticide-free mosquito-net and different sources of light. Indoors, light from incandescent bulbs increased the catch of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly A. arabiensis Patton and the Mopti chromosomal form of A. gambiae s.s. Giles) and A. funestus Giles c. 2.5 times as compared to traps whose light bulb was removed. Conversely, the difference was not significant when a UV ‘Blacklight-blue’ fluorescent tube was compared to the incandescent bulb. Protecting the bait with a mosquito-net increased the catch c. 3 times for A. gambiae s.l. and c. 3.5 times for A. funestus. A prototype model of double bednet gave intermediate yields. Outdoors, the addition of incandescent bulbs to unlighted traps did not significantly increase the number of vectors caught, but the addition of the mosquito-net to the unprotected human bait did so by c. 1.5–4 times. Thus, the CDC light-trap hung close to a human sleeping under a bednet and fitted with an incandescent bulb, was considered the most practical and efficient in terms of numbers of vectors caught, consequently its indoor efficiency was compared to human landing catches on single collectors and estimated to be 1.08 times and density-independent. Outdoor light-trap catches were either not significantly correlated to biting collections (as for A. gambiae s.l.), or density-dependent in their efficiency (as for A. funestus); thus, they were not considered a reliable means for estimating malaria vector outdoor biting densities in this area. No difference was found in the parous rate of A. gambiae s.l. samples obtained with CDC light-traps and human landing collections.

Light-trap and suction-trap catches of insects in the northern Gezira, Sudan, in the season of southward movement of the Inter-Tropical Front

1973 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bowden ◽  
David G. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Trap Site ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Suction Trap ◽  
Displacement System ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Trap Catches

Catches in light-traps adjoining cotton were obtained at the time of seasonal southward movement of the Inter-Tropical Front (ITF) in October, and during most of the following two months. Taxa studied were mostly Orthoptera and moths, many associated with sorghum, others long-distance migrants. Suction-trap catches at three heights up to 50 ft were obtained for short periods in October and November, and aircraft catches at 250 ft were also available on two days. Suction-trap catches of grass-feeding Homoptera suggest that displacement of these insects was associated with changes in wind direction marking movement of the ITF in October. The exact form of the displacement system in relation to the front cannot be reconstructed from catches at a single place, but it seems likely that proximity of the front at or soon after the time of a brief period of crepuscular activity stimulates insects to take flight and rise to 50 ft or more so that they are displaced. In many taxa, light-trap catches showed a regular pattern of increase, with only slight nightly fluctuations from a logarithmic trend, following full moon. Other increases were superimposed on this pattern at times when the ITF passed north of the trap site, and in some taxa particularly when it was far north. The pattern of change after full moon, shown most clearly in taxa with source populations close to the trap, was related to the moon's influence on the range of trap effectiveness. But various qualitative variations suggest that, in addition, aspects of behaviour or development may have adaptive relationships to the lunar cycle; variations include differences between taxa, particularly in timing of catch changes, and increasing proportion and decreasing maturity of females of certain taxa at the time of the regular increases in catch.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THE CDC LIGHT TRAP AND THE DYNATRAP® DT2000 FOR COLLECTION OF MOSQUITOES IN SEMI-FIELD AND FIELD SETTINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Nicholas Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Control Programs

The CDC light trap has been the standard used by mosquito control programs to conduct mosquito and arbovirus surveillance. For the last two decades, this trap has been used with little to no modifications to its original design. Recently, new traps that utilize different light sources, modified designs, and attractants have been developed and evaluated against the CDC light trap. A semi-field and field comparison of the Dynatrap® (Model DT2000) against the CDC light trap was conducted at Anastasia Mosquito Control District. The DT2000 varies from the CDC light trap with a UV light, trapdoor/fan mechanism, and Atrakta lure which is a combination of lactic acid, ammonia, and hexanoic acid. Overall, the DT2000 collected 56% (327/600) of the Ae. aegypti released in the semifield cage, compared to 18.5% (111/600) collected by the CDC light traps. These findings suggest that the DT2000 outperformed the CDC light trap in collecting Ae. aegypti. In the field, the DT2000 collected nine target mosquito species while the CDC light trap collected four target species. The DT2000 averaged 109 ± 97.46 mosquitoes and the CDC light trap averaged 8 ± 4.64 mosquitoes. The DT2000 presented functional limitations in the field as an electrical outlet was required. Study findings suggest that where an electrical outlet is available, the DT2000 may be an alternative to the CDC light trap for mosquito surveillance.

Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Different Color

<em>Abstract.</em>—Light traps have been used to study the distribution and ecology of fish larvae in a variety of waters. Yet the physical and taxonomic limitations of light traps have been little studied, particularly in lotic systems. The purpose of this study was to examine aspects of light trap use, bias, and specificity in a natural stream setting. We sampled fish larvae using light traps in the upper Sacramento River watershed in April (2001, 2002) and June (2002) using five different color light sources and two trap sizes. Our results suggest that (1) small traps are as effective at sampling fish larvae as large traps, (2) color of light and/or relative intensity of light have strong effects on numbers of larvae collected, and (3) environmental factors play a role in the number of larvae collected over short time periods.

LIGHT TRAPS AS INDICATORS OF CUTWORM MOTH POPULATION

1928 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Source Of Information

Light traps have long been used to indicate cutworm moth population, but a survey of the literature reveals no instance in which light trap catches have been compared with any other source of information regarding the moth population. It has apparently been assumed by all workers, the writer included, that a light trap record furnished a reliable random sample of the population. Certain data have recently accumulated, horvever, which make it desirable to question this assumption, and some of these data will be presented here.

scholarly journals Comparison between anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) caught using different methods in a malaria endemic area of Papua New Guinea

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L.K. Hii ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
A. Mai ◽  
E. Ibam ◽  
M.P. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Mosquito Sampling ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

AbstractThe mosquito sampling efficiency of CDC (Centers for Disease Control) miniature light traps hung adjacent to mosquito nets, was compared with that of both indoor and outdoor human-bait collections in ten villages in the Wosera area of Papua New Guinea. The most frequently collected anopheline in the matched indoor and light trap samples was Anopheles koliensis Owen, followed by A. punctulatusDönitz, A. karwari (James), A. farauti Laveran (sensu lato), A. longirostris Brug and A. bancroftii Giles. All species were much less frequent in the light traps than in landing catches. The hypothesis that the numbers of mosquitoes in light traps are proportional to human landing catches was examined using regression models that allowed for sampling error in both entomological measurements. Light traps under-sampled A. punctulatus and A. farautis.l. at high densities. The models indicated that the ratio of light trap to landing catch females of A. koliensis and A. karwari increased with increasing mosquito density. Light trap catches of A. longirostris were proportional to indoor landing rates but when outdoor landing rates were high this species was under-sampled by light traps. Numbers of A. bancroftii in light traps were found to be proportional to those in outdoor landing catches, but were negatively related to those attempting to bite indoors. Circumsporozoite positivity rates for both Plasmodium falciparum Welch and P. vivax (Grassi & Feletti) in A. punctulatus and A. farauti s.l. were significantly higher in light trap collections than in either indoor or outdoor landing catches, suggesting that light traps may selectively sample older mosquitoes of these species.

scholarly journals Light trap, an effective component of integrated management of Tuta absoluta(Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) on Tomato

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
V Sridhar ◽  
G Senthil Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Effective Component ◽  
Horticultural Research

The effectiveness of mass trapping the moths of Tuta absoluta was evaluated using light traps in tomato polyhouse at ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during March - June, 2018. Various colours of light sources were evaluated for their efficacy in attracting the moths. Of different coloured light sources evaluated, yellow and white (bluish) were found relatively effective for attraction of the moths. The efficacy of mass trapping was further evaluated and incandescent yellow bulb of 60 W was found most efficient in attracting both sexes of Tuta moths. Thus light traps can be an effective tool for IPM of this pest on tomato, under polyhouse conditions.

A Controlled-Interval Light Trap for Microlepidoptera

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Harcourt ◽  
L. M. Cass
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Lamp Bulb

Although many traps have been designed to study the responses of Lepidoptera to light sources of various intensities and qualities (Gui et al., 1942; Taylor and Deay, 1950; Glick and Hollingsworth, 1954; Merkl and Pfrimmer, 1955; Frost, 1957), few have been designed for studies of flight periodicity. The first one designed for the latter purpose was described by Seamans and Gray (1934). It consisted of seven individual collecting units built into one structure, each unit being operated for one hour of the night. Interval light traps subsequently designed by Hutchins (1940), Nagel and Granovsky (1947), and Coon (Frost, 1952) are of the Minnesota type (Frost, 1952), having a lamp bulb, hood, baffle and funnel. Beneath the funnel is a turntable, which brings a series of collecting jars under the spout of the funnel at regulated intervals. The Rothamstead trap (Williams, 1935, 1948) is also based on a bottle-changing mechanism.

The influence of moonlight on catches of insects in light-traps in Africa. III. The effective radius of a mercury-vapour light-trap and the analysis of catches using effective radius

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bowden ◽  
Marjory G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Effective Radius ◽  
Mercury Vapour ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
The Times ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractUsing the inverse square law, estimates can be made of the distances at which illumination from a light-trap is equal to that from background sources. From these distances an index of trap radius can be constructed which can be considered as a measure of trap potential. Between new moon and full moon trap radii vary, depending upon the times of the night at which the trap may be operating, in ratios from about 10:1 to 15:1. A comparable index of light-trap catches can be calculated which allows catches to be examined in relation to changing radius of the trap. Analysis of a series of catches in Uganda and Ghana shows that many species are more abundant than expected in periods of moonlight, particularly at and near full moon, the biggest difference between new moon and full moon being about 10:1 for Marasmia trapezalis (Gn.), whereas the Isoptera, Bostrychidae and Spodoptera triturata (Wlk.) are 3–4 times more frequent at full moon. The ratios between catch at new moon and catch at full moon suggest that the primary determinant of catch is the frequency with which insects cross the boundary of a region of influence whose size is determined by a radius of equal energy. Deductions about the pattern of insect activity through a lunation, and nightly, and the general agreement between curves describing the change in radius of the trap and those of trap catches suggest that changes in catch over a lunation can be explained by changes in the effectiveness of the trap. When corrections are made to allow for such changes, all taxa show some increase in numbers in moonlit periods and in many taxa this increase is substantial. Correction of catches should take account of flight periodicity and this periodicity should, if possible, be confirmed by methods independent of light-traps.

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