Migration and dispersal of the Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor Bergroth (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), in eastern Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrick McDonald ◽  
Roger A. Farrow
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Yorke Peninsula

AbstractAerial sampling for Nysius vinitor Bergroth was undertaken in the surface and upper air, at altitudes of 2 and 100-300 m, respectively, at Trangie in central New South Wales and at Corny Point, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. Insects were sampled for 15 periods, each of 3-11 days, between October 1979 and February 1984, covering all months except January, March and May. N. vinitor was one of the most abundant insects caught in the upper air during the day and night (mean density of 652/106 m3), while the congeneric N. clevelandensis Evans was rarely caught at any time. N. vinitor was caught in all months sampled except for the winter months of July and August, and the largest daily catches occurred in September. Females were generally less common than males, although the relative incidence in the upper air catches frequently increased significantly from day to night. Fewer mature females were caught in the upper air (0-16·8%) than at the surface (0-48·4%). Densities were generally much greater in the surface air than in the upper air, although during the major flights of spring, there was less than a two-fold difference, indicating increased migratory activity. Migration occurred in a range of synoptic conditions resulting in the displacement of individuals in a variety of directions and distances depending on synoptic flow at the time of flight. Major migrations occurred at night, following dusk take-off, in disturbed weather associated with prefrontal airflows. These resulted in net southward displacements of ca 200-300 km depending on flight duration. It is suggested that major immigration flights into central-western New South Wales and regions to the south regularly occur in early spring (September-October) and probably arise from breeding areas in subtropical latitudes.

Population ranges of Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera) in south-eastern Australia

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Navigational Cues ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
South Eastern Australia

In south-eastern Australia banding of M. schreibersii has been concentrated in four areas: north-eastern New South Wales, south-eastern New South Wales, south-eastern Victoria, and south-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. The present paper analyses 2083 reported movements. Only 17 of these are from one of the four areas to another with the longest movement being 810 miles. Biologically and geographically separate populations of M. schreibersii are recognized in both north-eastern and south-eastern New South Wales. Each population has its basis in dependence upon a specific nursery site which is used annually by nearly all adult females in that population. Boundaries of population ranges in New South Wales are considered to be prominent features of physiography (i.e. divides). Bats move between population ranges less often than they move within population ranges. This cannot be explained solely in terms of the distances separating roosts. Available movement records from Victoria and South Australia are consistent with the pattern described for New South Wales. Two biologically recognizable populations (i.e, different birth periods) occur in south-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia but these may have overlapping ranges. Only one nursery colony of M. schreibersii is known from south-eastern Victoria. On present evidence it remains possible that the apparent integrity of the population associated with this nursery is merely a consequence of distance from other areas of banding activity. Detailed analyses of movements in bats may provide direct evidence as to the kinds of cues by which a given species navigates. Thus the physiographic basis described for population ranges in New South Wales is consistent with the view that M. schreibersii may orientate to waterways or divides or both. The probability that there are area differences in the subtlety or nature of navigational cues is implied by the different physiographic circumstances of south-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. It is suggested that knowledge of population range boundaries may aid planning of meaningful homing experiments.

Two new genera and five new species of Mugadina-like small grass cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) from Central and Eastern Australia: comparative morphology, songs, behaviour and distributions

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4413 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. EWART
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
New Genera ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Semi Arid

Moulds (2012) established the genus Mugadina for two small cicadas, M. marshalli (Distant) and M. emma (Goding and Froggatt), both grass inhabiting species known from Queensland and New South Wales. Both species are notable for their relatively simple 'ticking' songs. Moulds further noted that there were at least two superficially similar genera of cicadas, but each with different genitalia. This paper describes two new genera of small (9–15 mm body lengths) and distinctive grass cicadas with genitalia that are very similar to those of Mugadina, but possess clear morphological, colour and calling song differences. The new genera are: Heremusina n. gen. with two known species namely H. udeoecetes n. sp. and H. pipatio n. sp.; the second new genus is Xeropsalta n. gen., containing four known species, X. thomsoni n. sp., X. aridula n. sp., X. rattrayi n. sp., and X. festiva n. comb. Heremusina n. gen. species are described from the Alice Springs area of Northern Territory and the Cloncurry area of northwest Queensland, from arid to semi arid habitats. The Xeropsalta n. gen. species are described from western, southwest and central Queensland, and from the Simpson and Strzelecki Deserts in northeastern South Australia and northwestern New South Wales, respectively, all locations in very arid to arid habitats, but close to seasonal (often irregular) rivers and lakes. X. festiva n. comb. occurs in semi arid habitats in southern and southeastern Australia.        Detailed taxonomic descriptions are provided of the new species, together with distributions, habitats, and the calling songs. The Heremusina species emit songs with short repetitive buzzing echemes, the echeme durations differing between each species. The Xeropsalta songs are notable for their complexity, containing multiple elements with rapid changes of amplitudes and temporal structures, rather atypical of the songs of most small grass dwelling cicadas. Detailed song structures distinguishing each of the species are illustrated and interpreted in each case in light of their respective taxonomic status. 

Impact of grain-based ethanol production on the cattle feedlot industry in eastern Australia: grain supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hunter ◽  
P. M. Kennedy ◽  
E. J. Sparke
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

Statistical data from the years 1998–2005 were used to investigate the capacity of the grain industry in eastern Australia to supply the grain necessary for inclusion of 10% ethanol in petrol (E10), in addition to the demands of grain for feedlot cattle. Evidence is provided that the variations in grain yields and grain consumption by cattle in these years are representative of the on-going situation and that interpretations and conclusions have continuing relevance. During 1998–2005, annual production of cereal grains in eastern Australia varied between 10 and 25 million tonnes. Similar fluctuations (11 and 27 million tonnes) in annual grain yields were observed between 2006 and 2014. The Australian potential requirement for E10 ethanol is ~2500 ML annually, with a grain usage of 6.1–7.6 million tonnes depending on the grain sources used. Established national grain demand for ruminant and monogastric livestock, human consumption and other domestic uses is ~7.5 million tonnes per year. In years of average or higher grain yields in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, the combined grain surpluses are more than sufficient for E10 ethanol to be produced domestically. In the years of the lowest grain yields, the surplus over more traditional usages is sufficient to satisfy only 50% of potential demand for E10. The greatest densities of feedlot cattle are in south-eastern Queensland, northern New South Wales and in the Murrumbidgee region of southern New South Wales. On a regional basis, the grain surplus to feedlot demand in most years in south-eastern Queensland is not sufficient to satisfy requirement for ethanol production without competition for grain. In years of highest yields, the grain surplus was sufficient for a 240-ML ethanol plant. Northern New South Wales could support at least two 400-ML plants in years of average and above yields, once established grain demands are met. The grain shortfall in years of lowest yield for one 400-ML plant is about half a million tonnes. Grain surpluses in average years in the Murrumbidgee region are sufficient to support at least one 400-ML plant. In years of lowest yield, only a 160-ML plant could be supported without competition for grain.

Enzyme variation in south-eastern Australian samples of the blue-eye or deepsea trevalla, Hyperoglyphe antarctica Carmichael 1818 (Teleostei: Stromateoidei)

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJS Bolch ◽  
NG Elliott ◽  
RD Ward
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Error ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

Six samples (n =67 to 154) of blue-eye or deepsea trevalla were collected from south-eastern Australia (seamounts off New South Wales, a seamount south-east of Tasmania called the Cascade Plateau, off the east, south and west coasts of Tasmania, and off the coast of South Australia). All fish were analysed by starch or cellulose acetate electrophoresis for the products of seven polymorphic loci (defined in this study as those with an average heterozygosity greater than 0.06); a minimum of 24 fish per area were also analysed for 29 other less variable loci. The average heterozygosity per locus was 5.3%. Polymorphic loci showed no significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The coefficient of genetic subpopulation differentiation, GST, was 0.38%. Bootstrapping procedures showed that this low value could be attributed to sampling error alone. Contingency Χ2 analysis similarly failed to reveal any significant inter-sample differentiation for any locus. The results indicate that gene flow is sufficient to prevent any genetic differentiation among the sampled localities. During the course of the study a second trevalla species, Schedophilus labyrinthicus, was identified in the New South Wales component of the fishery.

Cryptic genetic variability in Swainsona sericea (A. Lee) H. Eichler (Fabaceae): lessons for restoration

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Broadhurst ◽  
Brian G. Murray ◽  
Robert Forrester ◽  
Andrew G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Grassland Communities ◽  
Shoot Weight

Grassland communities worldwide have been extensively modified or lost following broadscale agricultural expansion. In south-eastern Australia few natural grasslands remain, with most now being small, isolated and degraded. Conservation and restoration of grassland communities requires an understanding of the impacts of fragmentation on genetic and demographic processes. Swainsona sericea is a perennial grassland herb with conservation listing in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. Reproductive output, progeny fitness and genetic diversity were assessed in nine S. sericea populations occupying fragmented grasslands across the southern tablelands of New South Wales. Unexpectedly, four chromosome classes were observed among the populations (2n = 4x = 32, 2n = 10x = 80, 2n = 14x = 112, 2n = 16x = 128), suggesting a more complex taxonomy than is currently recognised. There was no association between reproductive output and population size or ploidy level whereas population size influenced the number of alleles and percentage of polymorphic loci while ploidy influenced effective alleles and expected heterozygosity. Restricted maximum likelihood analyses of progeny growth indicated that ploidy had a significant influence on height, shoot weight, shoot to root ratio and days to germination. The cytological complexity in S. sericea requires clarification, including delineating the cytological boundaries to enable land managers to include this in their conservation and management plans.

Stock composition and movement of gemfish, Rexea solandri, as indicated by parasites

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim B. Sewell ◽  
Robert J.G. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Great Australian Bight ◽  
Anisakis Spp

The parasite fauna of gemfish, Rexea solandri, from seven areas off southern Australia, was examined for evidence of isolated gemfish populations. Canonical multivariate analyses of data on larval nematodes (Anisakis spp. and Terranova sp.), cestode plerocercoids (Hepatoxylon trichiuri and Nybelinia sp.), acanthocephalans (Rhadinorhynchus sp. and Corynosoma sp.), and a hemiuroid digenean from a total of 763 gemfish showed that the parasite faunas of fish from eastern Australia were similar except for a sample taken off New South Wales at the end of the spawning season whose affinities are unknown. Fish from South Australia had similar parasite faunas to those collected from eastern Australia, suggesting that fish from the eastern and western Bass Strait belong to the same stock. Fish collected from the Great Australian Bight were distinct from the southern and eastern fish. Differences in parasite fauna were detected between samples taken within the spawning season and those taken from the same locations outside the spawning season, presumably a result of the spawning migration.

A revision of Cassinia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in Australia. 7. Cassinia subgenus Achromolaena

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
A. E. Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
New Name ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Western Victoria

The present paper completes a revision of the endemic Australian genus Cassinia R.Br. Cassinia subgenus Achromolaena comprises two sections, namely, section Achromolaena of seven species (C. laevis, C. arcuata, C. uncata, C. tenuifolia, C. collina, C. subtropica, and C. quinquefaria), and Cassinia section Siftonia, which contains two species (C. sifton and C. theodorii). Cassinia laevis is divided into western (C. laevis subsp. laevis) and eastern (C. laevis subsp. rosmarinifolia (A.Cunn.) Orchard, comb. et stat. nov.) taxa. Examination of the type of C. arcuata showed that this name is synonymous with C. paniculata, and applies to a relatively rare taxon with whitish capitula arranged in short erect compact panicles, and found in Western Australia, the midlands of South Australia, western Victoria and (formerly) south-western New South Wales. Furthermore, it belongs to section Achromolaena. The taxon with red to brown capitula, widespread throughout south-eastern Australia, which until now has been (incorrectly) known as C. arcuata (Sifton bush) is distinct, but lacks a published name. The name Cassinia sifton Orchard, sp. nov. is here proposed for this taxon. An unfortunate outcome of this discovery is that the sectional name Cassinia section Arcuatae, with C. arcuata as type, becomes synonymous with section Achromolaena. The new name Cassinia section Siftonia is proposed to accommodate Sifton bush (C. sifton) and its narrowly endemic sister species C. theodorii. A summary of the whole genus is provided, with keys to all taxa. Three former subspecies of C. macrocephala are raised to species rank (C. petrapendula (Orchard) Orchard, C. storyi (Orchard) Orchard, C. tenuis (Orchard) Orchard), and it is suggested that C. furtiva Orchard may be conspecific with C. straminea (Benth.) Orchard.

Myzostoma seymourcollegiorum n.sp. (Myzostomida) from southern Australia, with a description of its larval development

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1010 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREG W. ROUSE ◽  
MARK J. GRYGIER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Circular Shape ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

Few Myzostomida have been recorded from southern Australian waters. Most myzostome taxa to date have been described from the warmer waters of the Indo-Pacific, where their crinoid echinoderm hosts are most diverse. In this paper a new myzostome, Myzostoma seymourcollegiorum n. sp., is described from the crinoid Cenolia trichoptera (Comasteridae) taken from Encounter Bay near Adelaide, South Australia; further records suggest its range extends also to Tasmania and around eastern Australia to central New South Wales. Myzostoma seymourcollegiorum n. sp. is an ectocommensal on C. trichoptera and C. glebosus and there has previously been no myzostome recorded from any species of Cenolia. The new species resembles a number of other Myzostoma species that are quite flat and have a nearly circular shape with 20 short marginal cirri. The early stages of its larval development are also outlined and compared with those of other Myzostomida.

New species of the oribatid mite genus Phyllhermannia Berlese, 1916 (Acari, Oribatida, Hermanniidae) from wet forests in south-eastern Australia show a high diversity of morphologically-similar, short-range endemics

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2770 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. COLLOFF
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
New Diagnosis

This paper contains descriptions of sixteen new species of Phyllhermannia from temperate rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest in the Australian Capital Territory (P. namadjiensis sp. nov.), New South Wales (P. bandabanda sp. nov., P. colini sp. nov. and P. tanjili sp. nov.), Tasmania (Phyllhermannia acalepha sp. nov., P. craticula sp. nov., P. lemannae sp. nov., P. luxtoni sp. nov. and P. strigosa sp. nov.) and Victoria (P. croajingolongensis sp. nov., P. errinundrae sp. nov., P. gigas sp. nov., P. hunti sp. nov., P. leei sp. nov. and P. leonilae sp. nov. and P. sauli sp. nov.). A partial supplementary description and new distribution record is given for P. eusetosa Lee, 1985 from South Australia. Phyllhermannia dentata glabra Hammer, 1962 is elevated to specific status. Hermannia macronychus Trägårdh, 1907 and H. fungifer Mahunka 1988 are recombined to Phyllhermannia. A new diagnosis of Phyllhermannia is given and immature stages are described for the first time. Three species-groups are tentatively recognised: Acalepha, confined to Tasmania, Colini, found in the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and New South Wales and Eusetosa, found in Victoria and South Australia.

In A Fix: Fixed-Term Parliaments in the Australian States

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-298
Author(s):  
Peter Congdon
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
South Wales

Constitutional systems of Westminster heritage are increasingly moving towards fixed-term parliaments to, amongst other things, prevent the Premier or Prime Minister opportunistically calling a ‘snap election’. Amongst the Australian states, qualified fixed-term parliaments currently exist in New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia have also deliberated over whether to establish similar fixed-term parliaments. However, manner and form provisions in those states' constitutions entrench the Parliament's duration, Governor's Office and dissolution power. In Western Australia and Queensland, unlike Tasmania, such provisions are doubly entrenched. This article considers whether these entrenching provisions present legal obstacles to constitutional amendments establishing fixed-term parliaments in those two states. This involves examining whether laws fixing parliamentary terms fall within section 6 of the Australia Acts 1986 (Cth) & (UK). The article concludes by examining recent amendments to the Electoral Act 1907 (WA) designed to enable fixed election dates in Western Australia without requiring a successful referendum.

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