Distribution of mosquitoes in relation to urban landscape characteristics

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Gleiser ◽  
L.P. Zalazar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Targeting Vector

AbstractThe current global increase in prevalence of vector borne diseases, as well as an expansion of tropical infections to more temperate zones, justifies further studies on vector populations. Urban areas may favour viral transmission to humans through close contacts between the vectors and the vertebrate hosts, and also affecting mosquito populations by offering larval habitat, refuges and adequate microclimates to survive the winter. This work analyses the spatial distribution of potential vector mosquitoes in relation to landscape characteristics in an urban environment in a temperate climate region. Mosquitoes were trapped monthly from October 2005 to March 2006 in 25 sites within Córdoba city and suburbs with miniature light traps+CO2. Nine species were collected, and the most abundant were Culex quinquefasciatus (37.1%), C. apicinus (26.6%) and Aedes aegypti (13.9%). Species that may be involved in SLEv transmission were recorded throughout the sampling. C. quinquefasciatus was detected in 92% of the sites; however, only two sites showed consistently larger collections. The site of highest C. quinquefasciatus abundance was located within an area of high Saint Louis Encefalitis virus prevalence and risk of infection, further supporting this species involvement as a vector. Significant correlations were detected between land cover characteristics and abundance of C. apicinus, C. interfor and C. maxi that were consistent with previous knowledge about their larval habitat and domestic preferences, which may be useful for targeting vector control operations.

scholarly journals New, Emerging, Re-Emerging Tropical Infectious and Non-Communicable Diseases Persistent to the Climate, Landscape, and Environmental Changes on the Grounds of the Urbanizations, Industrializations, and Globalisation

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Masimalai Palaniyandi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Environmental Transitions ◽  
Vector Borne

Historical records evidenced of urban landscape changes, and environmental transitions brought by the improper growths and urban development’s of the urbanisation and industrialization in the developing countries, especially in India, significantly chaotic urban sprawl and industrial growths, and the development of its allied activities for the recent decades, invites new, emerging, re-emerging, and triggers the tropical infectious diseases including vector borne diseases (VBD) as well non-communicable diseases. Urban sprawl has a multiplier effect of growth of unplanned a crowded housing, and industrialization has an impact on the urban landscape with commercial and market development, and roads over large expanses of urban land while little concern for appropriate urban planning. The union government of India is launching to promote 100 mega smart city projects / metropolitan / urban agglomeration across the nation for betterment of the standard of living infrastructure facilities by 2030. The large scale urban landscape architectural changes, land use / land cover changes, environmental transitions, and micro climatic changes in the heart of the urban landscape, and its fringe areas on the consequence of built-up structures, construction of roads transport networks, drainages, commercial buildings, human dwellings, educational buildings, legal and medical health services, income tax professionals, small scale to large scale industries, etc., The census of India, reports highlighted that people mass movements / migration from rural to the urban, and small towns to mega cities are notably accelerating trends for the recent decades mainly for the purposes of occupation, education, trade and commerce, and professional services, generally reasons for male migration, and marriage is the absolute reason for female adults migration. The spatial and temporal aspects of malaria and dengue has been declining trends in rural settings, however, it has been accelerating trends in the urban settings due to the urban buoyant migrants. Urbanization and industrialization effect on urban landscape environment leads to breakdown of sanitations, water-borne diseases associated with inadequate  and unsafe drinking water supply, tendency to use metal, plastic, and mud pots water storage containers, discarded domestic waste misshapen to vector breeding habitats containers, urban heat island, garbage waste disposal, liquid waste from dwellings, and industries, air pollution (dust, pollen and spores suspended as particles, Sulphur Dioxide-SO2, nitrogen oxides-NO, Carbonate-CO3, depletion of Oxygen O2, Ozone-O3, Methane  Gas- CH₄, Lead- Pb,  Mercury- Hg etc.,), exonerated by the industries and urban transport emissions, modern transport / shipping goods and services, and collectively hazard to human health through erratic infectious diseases and vector borne diseases immediately.

scholarly journals Fauna and Larval Habitat Characteristics of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kashan County, Central Iran, 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Sadat Asgarian ◽  
Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat ◽  
Rouhullah Dehghani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
First Time

Background: Mosquitoes are responsible for spreading devastating parasites and pathogens causing some important infectious diseases. The present study was done to better understand and update the fauna of Culicidae and to find out the distribution and the type of their larval habitats in Kashan County. Methods: This study was done in four districts of Kashan County (Central, Qamasr, Niasar and Barzok). Mosquito lar-vae were collected from 23 active larval habitats using a standard 350ml capacity mosquito dipper from April to late December 2019. The collected larvae were transferred to containers containing lactophenol, and after two weeks indi-vidually mounted in Berlese's fluid on a microscope slide and identified to species by morphological characters and valid keys. Results: In this study, a total of 9789 larvae were collected from urban and rural areas in Kashan County. The identified genera were Anopheles, Culiseta and Culex. In this study larvae of An. turkhudi, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. deserticola and Cs. subochrea were collected for the first time from Kashan County. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the presence and activity of different mosquito species in Kashan County that some of them are vectors of arbovirus and other vector-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Priorities and needs for research on urban interventions targeting vector-borne diseases: rapid review of scoping and systematic reviews

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Bermudez-Tamayo ◽  
Olive Mukamana ◽  
Mabel Carabali ◽  
Lyda Osorio ◽  
Florence Fournet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Targeting Vector

scholarly journals Vector-borne diseases of small companion animals in Namibia: Literature review, knowledge gaps and opportunity for a One Health approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce H. Noden ◽  
Minty Soni
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
One Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Namibia has a rich history in veterinary health but little is known about the vector-borne diseases that affect companion dogs and cats. The aim of this review is to summarise the existing published and available unpublished literature, put it into a wider geographical context, and explore some significant knowledge gaps. To date, only two filarial pathogens (Dirofilaria repens and Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides) and three tick-borne pathogens (Babesia canis vogeli, Hepatozoon canis and Ehrlichia canis) have been reported. Most studies have focused solely on dogs and cats in the urban Windhoek and surrounding areas, with almost nothing reported in rural farming areas, in either the populous northern regions or the low-income urban areas where animal owners have limited access to veterinary services. With the development of several biomedical training programmes in the country, there is now an excellent opportunity to address zoonotic vector-borne diseases through a One Health approach so as to assess the risks to small companion animals as well as diseases of public health importance.

scholarly journals The urban environment from the health perspective: the case of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 958-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa ◽  
Maria Cristina de Mattos Almeida ◽  
Claúdia Di Lorenzo Oliveira ◽  
Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche ◽  
Sônia Gesteira e Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Planning Unit ◽  
Asthma Hospitalization ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Belo Horizonte

This study aims to determine spatial patterns of mortality and morbidity for five health problems in an urban environment: homicides, adolescent pregnancy, asthma hospitalization, and two vector-borne diseases, dengue and visceral leishmaniasis. All events were obtained through the city health database and geoprocessed using residential addresses and 80 planning units consisting of census tracts. We used thematic maps, proportionate mortality/morbidity ratios by planning unit, and the overlapped rank of the 20th worse planning unit rates for each event. A spatial pattern of high rates of homicides, proportion of young mothers, and hospitalization due to asthma overlapped in socially and economically disadvantaged areas. For the two vector-borne diseases, high rates with great dispersion were found in underprivileged areas, in contrast with very low rates among higher income areas. The results indicated the coexistence of heavier disease burden for residents of urban areas where poverty and lack of effective public health policies may be modulating social health problems. For the two vector-borne diseases, an environmental intervention in one mosquito-borne disease might be playing a role in the other's incidence.

scholarly journals Scoping review on vector-borne diseases in urban areas: transmission dynamics, vectorial capacity and co-infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Eder ◽  
Fanny Cortes ◽  
Noêmia Teixeira de Siqueira Filha ◽  
Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França ◽  
Stéphanie Degroote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vectorial Capacity ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Establishing research priorities in prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in urban areas: a collaborative process

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dagenais ◽  
Stéphanie Degroote ◽  
Mariam Otmani Del Barrio ◽  
Clara Bermudez-Tamayo ◽  
Valéry Ridde
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

Differences in Mosquito Communities in Six Cities in Oklahoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bradt ◽  
Jillian D Wormington ◽  
James M Long ◽  
W Wyatt Hoback ◽  
Bruce H Noden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Mosquito Communities

Abstract Vector-borne diseases in the United States have recently increased as a result of the changing nature of vectors, hosts, reservoirs, pathogens, and the ecological and environmental conditions. Current information on vector habitats and how mosquito community composition varies across space and time is vital to successful vector-borne disease management. This study characterizes mosquito communities in urban areas of Oklahoma, United States, an ecologically diverse region in the southern Great Plains. Between May and September 2016, 11,996 female mosquitoes of 34 species were collected over 798 trap nights using three different trap types in six Oklahoma cities. The most abundant species trapped were Culex pipiens L. complex (32.4%) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) (12.0%). Significant differences among mosquito communities were detected using analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) between the early (May–July) and late (August–September) season. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) further highlighted the cities of Altus and Idabel as relatively unique mosquito communities, mostly due to the presence of Aedes aegypti (L.) and salt-marsh species and absence of Aedes triseriatus (Say) in Altus and an abundance of Ae. albopictus in Idabel. These data underscore the importance of assessing mosquito communities in urban environments found in multiple ecoregions of Oklahoma to allow customized vector management targeting the unique assemblage of species found in each city.

scholarly journals Vector-borne diseases in pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 204993612094172
Author(s):  
Brendan O’Kelly ◽  
John S. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Vector-borne infections cause a significant proportion of world-wide morbidity and mortality and many are increasing in incidence. This is due to a combination of factors, primarily environmental change, encroachment of human habitats from urban to peri-urban areas and rural to previously uninhabited areas, persistence of poverty, malnutrition and resource limitation in geographical areas where these diseases are endemic. Pregnant women represent the single largest ‘at risk’ group, due to immune-modulation and a unique physiological state. Many of these diseases have not benefitted from the same level of drug development as other infectious and medical domains, a factor attributing to the ‘neglected tropical disease’ title many vector-borne diseases hold. Pregnancy compounds this issue as data for safety and efficacy for many drugs is practically non-existent, precluding exposure in pregnancy to many first-line therapeutic agents for ‘fear of the unknown’ or overstated adverse pregnancy-foetal outcomes. In this review, major vector-borne diseases, their impact on pregnancy outcomes, current treatment, vaccination and short-comings of current medical practice for pregnant women will be discussed.

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