A comparative assessment of the response of three fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) to a spinosad-based bait: effect of ammonium acetate, female age, and protein hunger

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Piñero ◽  
R.F.L. Mau ◽  
R.I. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Wild Female ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Protein Starvation

AbstractAmmonia-releasing substances are known to play an important role in fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) attraction to food sources, and this information has been exploited for the development of effective synthetic food-based lures and insecticidal baits. In field studies conducted in Hawaii, we examined the behavioural response of wild female oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)), melon fly (B. cucurbitae (Coquillett)), and Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) to spinosad-based GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait© formulated to contain either 0, 1 or 2% ammonium acetate. Use of visually-attractive yellow bait stations for bait application in the field allowed for proper comparisons among bait formulations. Field cage tests were also conducted to investigate, using a comparative behavioural approach, the effects of female age and protein starvation on the subsequent response of F1 generation B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis to the same three bait formulations that were evaluated in the field. Our field results indicate a significant positive effect of the presence, regardless of amount, of AA in GF-120 for B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae. For C. capitata, there was a significant positive linear relationship between the relative amounts of AA in bait and female response. GF-120 with no AA was significantly more attractive to female C. capitata, but not to female B. dorsalis or B. cucurbitae, than the control treatment. Our field cage results indicate that the effects of varying amounts of AA present in GF-120 can be modulated by the physiological stage of the female flies and that the response of female B. cucurbitae to GF-120 was consistently greater than that of B. dorsalis over the various ages and levels of protein starvation regimes evaluated. Results are discussed in light of their applications for effective fruit fly suppression.

Non-host status of papaya cultivars to the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in relation to the degree of fruit ripeness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos Cugala ◽  
João Jone Jordane ◽  
Sunday Ekesi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Ripening Stages

AbstractPhytosanitary measures are a major barrier to trade in papaya. We assessed the infestation of tephritid fruit flies on different stages of maturity of papaya, to determine its non-host stage of maturity, for market access. Papaya fruits were collected from Kilifi and Embu counties, Kenya from March 2013 to December 2014, to assess the level of infestation by fruit flies according to the degree of fruit ripening. In all locations, no fruit fly infestation was recorded on papaya when fruits were at the 0, 25 and 50% yellow fruit ripening stage.Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) was, however, observed attacking fruits when papaya fruits were at 75 and 100% all yellow (fully ripe fruit ripening stage) with infestations of 0.19−0.51B. dorsalis/kg fruit and 0.24−1.24B. dorsalis/kg fruit, respectively, in all locations. Field cage exposure ofB. dorsalisto fruits of five papaya cultivars—‘Papino’, ‘Neo Essence’, ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Tainung No. 1’ and ‘Tainung No. 2’ in Manica Province, Mozambique—showed thatB. dorsalisdid not infest fruits at 0, 25 and 50% yellow ripening stages at the densities of 50 and 100 flies per cage. However, at 75% yellow ripening stage, up to 13.1 pupae/kg of fruits was recorded at a density of 150 flies per cage in Tainung No. 1, and infestation ranged from 4.5 to 136 pupae/kg fruits at 100% yellow ripening stage across all the cultivars and infestation densities. Laboratory evaluation of volatiles emanating from freshly crushed papaya pulp of four cultivars: ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Red Lady’, ‘Papayi’ and ‘Apoyo’ on egg viability ofB. dorsalisshowed that at 0, 25 and 50% yellow, egg hatchability was inhibited, suggesting that semiochemical compounds present in green tissues of papaya prevent egg development, although this effect was variable across the four cultivars and ripening stages. Export papaya is harvested at less than 40% yellow ripening stage. Our results, therefore, suggest that quarantine treatment for fruits at this ripening stage is inconsequential, asB. dorsalisdoes not infest papaya fruits at this stage; thus, authorities should permit entry of these papaya cultivars of less than 40% yellow ripening stage to quarantine-sensitive markets.

scholarly journals Side Effects of Pesticides on the Olive Fruit Fly Parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti): A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Lara A. Pinheiro ◽  
Beatriz Dáder ◽  
Andrea C. Wanumen ◽  
José Alberto Pereira ◽  
Sónia A. P. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Psyttalia Concolor ◽  
The Impact

Pesticide applications in olive orchards could alter the biological control of parasitoid Psyttalia concolor Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the key pest Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae). Psyttalia concolor adults can be contaminated by exposure to spray droplets, contact with treated surfaces or oral uptake from contaminated food sources. Pesticides impact both pest and parasitoid populations when they coexist in time and space, as they reduce pest numbers available for parasitoids and might cause toxic effects to parasitoids from which they need to recover. Therefore, the appropriate timing and application of selective chemical treatments provides the opportunity to incorporate this parasitoid in the IPM of B. oleae. This manuscript reviews the current literature on lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and biopesticides on P. concolor. Insecticides were generally more toxic, particularly organophosphates and pyrethroids, while herbicides and biopesticides had less effects on mortality and reproductive parameters. Some fungicides were quite harmful. Most of the studies were conducted in laboratory conditions, focused on reproduction as the only sublethal effect, exclusively considered the effect of a single pesticide and persistence was hardly explored. Field studies, currently quite scarce, are absolutely needed to satisfactorily assess the impact of pesticides on P. concolor.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Genetic Sexing Strain of the Oriental Fruit Fly as a Candidate for Simultaneous Application of Male Annihilation and Sterile Insect Techniques (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1913-1921
Author(s):  
Todd E Shelly
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Wild Female ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Male Annihilation ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain

Abstract The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is an important pest of fruits and vegetables, and many countries operate surveillance programs to detect infestations and, if needed, implement costly control efforts. The Male Annihilation Technique (MAT), which involves deployment of the male lure methyl eugenol (ME) to reduce or eliminate the male population, has been used as a stand-alone strategy or as a precursor to the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), which involves the release of sterile males to generate sterile male by wild female crosses and the production of inviable progeny. Modeling suggests that simultaneous implementation of MAT and SIT, rather than sequential deployment, increases the probability of successful eradication. Previous research has shown that B. dorsalis males that have fed on ME show reduced tendency to re-visit ME sources. Also, males fed ME gain a mating advantage over nonfed males. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of a genetic sexing strain of B. dorsalis as a candidate for concurrent implementation of MAT and SIT. Evaluation focused on the timing of prerelease exposure to methyl eugenol to identify the male age at which feeding upon the lure both i) reduces postrelease attraction to ME-baited traps (thus allowing the operation of MAT) and ii) enhances postrelease mating competitiveness (thus increasing the effectiveness of SIT). Results indicate that prerelease ME feeding by 6-d-old males, with release the following day, would allow effective, concurrent implementation of MAT and SIT.

Toxicity measurement of spinosad and phloxine B on oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-549
Author(s):  
Ying-gang DU ◽  
Hai-bo XIA ◽  
Jia-hua CHEN ◽  
Qing-e JI
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly

scholarly journals Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture: A Case of Farmers’ Innovations and Integrated Fruit Fly Management in Kenya

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Charity M. Wangithi ◽  
Beatrice W. Muriithi ◽  
Raphael Belmin
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Indigenous Methods

The invasive fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis poses a major threat to the production and trade of mango in sub-Saharan Africa. Farmers devise different innovations to manage the pest in an attempt to minimize yield loss and production costs while maximizing revenues. Using survey data obtained from Embu County, Kenya, we analyzed farmers’ knowledge and perception as regards the invasive fruit fly, their innovations for the management of the pest, and the determinants of their adoption and dis-adoption decisions of recently developed and promoted integrated pest management (IPM) technologies for suppression of the pest. The results show that farmers consider fruit flies as a major threat to mango production (99%) and primarily depend on pesticides (90%) for the management of the pest. Some farmers (35%) however use indigenous methods to manage the pest. Though farmers possess good knowledge of different IPM strategies, uptake is relatively low. The regression estimates show that continued use of IPM is positively associated with the gender and education of the household head, size of a mango orchard, knowledge on mango pests, training, contact with an extension officer, and use of at least one non-pesticide practice for fruit fly management, while IPM dis-adoption was negatively correlated with the size of the mango orchard, practice score and use of indigenous innovations for fruit fly management. We recommend enhancing farmer′s knowledge through increased access to training programs and extension services for enhanced adoption of sustainable management practices for B. dorsalis.

scholarly journals Host Suitability Index for Polyphagous Tephritid Fruit Flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Follett ◽  
Fay E M Haynes ◽  
Bernard C Dominiak
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Tephritid fruit flies are major economic pests for fruit production and are an impediment to international trade. Different host fruits are known to vary in their suitability for fruit flies to complete their life cycle. Currently, international regulatory standards that define the likely legal host status for tephritid fruit flies categorize fruits as a natural host, a conditional host, or a nonhost. For those fruits that are natural or conditional hosts, infestation rate can vary as a spectrum ranging from highly attractive fruits supporting large numbers of fruit flies to very poor hosts supporting low numbers. Here, we propose a Host Suitability Index (HSI), which divides the host status of natural and conditional hosts into five categories based on the log infestation rate (number of flies per kilogram of fruit) ranging from very poor (<0.1), poor (0.1–1.0), moderately good (1.0–10.0), good (10–100), and very good (>100). Infestation rates may be determined by field sampling or cage infestation studies. We illustrate the concept of this index using 21 papers that examine the host status of fruits in five species of polyphagous fruit flies in the Pacific region: Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This general-purpose index may be useful in developing systems approaches that rely on poor host status, for determining surveillance and detection protocols for potential incursions, and to guide the appropriate regulatory response during fruit fly outbreaks.

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