Biological responses of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) to sub-lethal concentrations of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Katayoon Kheradmand ◽  
Mahmoud Heidari ◽  
Amin Sedaratian-Jahromi ◽  
Reza Talaei-Hassanloui ◽  
Mohammadreza Havasi
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of agricultural crops with worldwide distribution causing considerable damage to different products. Application of chemical acaricides is one of the most important strategies used for the control of this pest. Entomopathogenic fungi, however, have been proposed as alternative control agents. In this study, sub-lethal effects (LC10 = 6.76 × 102, LC20 = 8.74 × 103, and LC30 = 55.38 × 103 conidia ml−1) of Beauveria bassiana strain TV on the life table parameters of T. urticae were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The results demonstrated that by increasing the concentration, a significant decline was observed in adult longevity of both male and female individuals. Total fecundity of T. urticae was calculated as 45.16, 36.28, 23.98, and 18.21 eggs in control, LC10, LC20, and LC30 treatments, respectively. Sub-lethal concentrations drastically affected the population parameters of this mite pest. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) ranged from 0.1983 to 0.1688 day−1 for the mites treated with distilled water and LC20 treatments, respectively. The net reproductive rate (R0) was affected by the sub-lethal concentrations (lower value at LC30 concentration: 11.19 offspring/individual). Considering the detrimental effects of B. bassiana on some biological parameters of T. urticae, it can be concluded that this product can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at integrated pest management of this pest.

Group-rearing did not affect the life table and predation rate of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed on Tetranychus urticae

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Saemi ◽  
Hasan Rahmani ◽  
Aurang Kavosi ◽  
Hsin Chi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Negative Effect

To better understand the effect of individual- and group-rearing conditions on predator performance, we studied the life table and predation rate of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, after the mites had been individually- or group-reared on two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, eggs at 25±1°C, 65±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L:D) h. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), net predation rate (C0), finite predation rate (ω) in the individually-reared predators were 40.61 offspring, 0.2594 d-1, 437.3 T. urticae eggs, and 4.8668 preys/d, respectively. Similar values were obtained when the predators were reared in groups (R0 = 43.10 offspring, r = 0.2837 d-1, C0 = 420.9 T. urticae eggs, and ω = 5.9054 preys/d). Mean adult longevities were 28.42 and 25.29 d for group-reared male and female predators, respectively; these values were significantly shorter than those of individual-reared mites (49.87 d for male and 36 d for female). Our results showed that P. persimilis mites could be group-reared in biological control programs without negative effect on their growth and predation potential. 

Effect of induced resistance in bean plants on Tetranychus urticae life table parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Atefeh Dahmardeh ◽  
Malihe Latifi ◽  
Rohollah Saberi Riseh
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Rate Of Increase

In this study the effects of soil application of potassium phosphite, amino acid complex, and biolog siderophoric on the life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae have been investigated on bean plants, under laboratory conditions. The results revealed significant differences in the total developmental times, oviposition periods, and fecundity of T. urticae among the treatments. The shortest total developmental time and longevity was observed in biolog siderophoric treatment. The intrinsic rate of increase, the net reproductive rate, the finite rate of increase and the mean generation times of T. urticae were remarkably different among the treatments and lower than in the control. The lowest values of these parameters were observed in the biolog siderophoric treatment, which suggests that this inducer could be employed toward a sustainable management of T. urticae.

ADULT LONGEVITY, FECUNDITY, AND POPULATION GROWTH RATES FOR TRIALEURODES RICINI MISRA (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) AT DIFFERENT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shishehbor ◽  
P.A. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Trialeurodes Ricini ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractLongevity and reproductive potential of adult males and females of Trialeurodes ricini Misra were determined under laboratory conditions at four constant temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1°C). The resulting data were used to calculate life tables and rates of increase at each temperature. Females of T. ricini oviposited means of 183, 224, 294, and 132 eggs at 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, respectively, and had a mean longevity of 38.52, 28.15, 15.78, and 10.11 days at the same four temperatures. The net reproductive rate was 49.92, 72.26, 111.08, and 38.44, and the daily intrinsic rate of increase was 0,05, 0.11, 0.18, and 0.15 at 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C, respectively. Generation times decreased from 69.88 to 24.92 days with increasing temperature. The results indicate that T. ricini can, in otherwise unlimited conditions, persist and increase in numbers within the range 20–35°C.

The effects of bifenazate on life history traits and population growth of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-623
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Havasi ◽  
Ayad Alsendi ◽  
Nniloufar Sangak Sani Bozhgani ◽  
Katayoon Kheradmand ◽  
Reza Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a notorious crop pest with a worldwide distribution that has developed resistance to a wide range of acaricides. Combined tactics of pest management have special significance not only for a reduction in pesticide residues but also to maintain the natural enemy activity, which is an objective of IPM programs. Here, we investigated the effect of low-lethal concentrations of bifenazate at LC10, LC20, and LC30 on development and reproduction parameters of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Lethal and sub-lethal concentrations were estimated using leaf dip bioassay method. The crude data were analyzed based on age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. Toxicological assays showed bifenazate treatments gradually decreased the longevity and total life span of both sexes. Our results indicated that reproductive and total fecundity of the next generation were also affected by sublethal concentrations. All concentrations caused a significant decline in oviposition days, compared to the control. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) varied from 0.1344 to 0.1151 day-1 for the mites treated with distilled water and LC30 treatments, respectively. The finite rate of increase (λ) was affected by the acaricide concentration (lowest at LC30 concentration: 1.1221 day-1). Bifenazate concentration (LC10, LC20 and LC30) treatments gradually reduced the gross reproduction rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0). Based on obtained results from current study, bifenazate is not a favorable acaricide with A. swiriskii and cannot be recommended to use with this predatory mite in integrated management.

scholarly journals Biology and life-table of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with the Old World Date Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Samah Ben Chaaban ◽  
Brahim Chermiti ◽  
Serge Kreiter
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Old World ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. mostly in North Africa and the Middle East. A population of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas has been recently found in Tunisia in association with a decrease of O. afrasiaticus densities. The objective of this paper was to assess the development and reproduction abilities of T. ( A.) athenas on O. afrasiaticus under laboratory conditions at two temperatures: 27 and 32 °C. The results obtained show that females of T. (A.) athenas develop in 5 days at 27 °C and 4.1 days at 32 °C. The mean fecundity of T. (A.) athenas was 32.1 and 23.2 eggs per female at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. Life table parameters were stimated: the net reproductive rate (Ro) 27.9 and 17.9 eggs/female, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.322 and 0,344 female/female/day and the mean generation time (T) 10.3 and 8.4 days at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. At both temperatures tested, T. (A.) athenas intrinsic rate of increase was greater than that of O. afrasiaticus (rm = 0.213 at 32 °C,against rm = 0.166 day1 at 27 °C). Typhlodromus (A.) athenas would be able to develop at a wide range of temperatures feeding on O. afrasiaticus and seems to be able to potentially control it.

Biological responses of Tetranychus urticae to five pepper cultivars at two phenological stages of host plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khodayari ◽  
Maryam Hashemian Shalilvand
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Important Pest

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important pest of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Control of this pest is usually dependent on chemical pesticides. The use of resistant plant cultivars in conjugation with other control tactics generates more effective and long lasting results in management of many pests. In this study we used two-sex life table to evaluate the performance of T. urticae on five pepper cultivars (11983, ES4, Hashemi, Mahali and USL) before and after blooming of host plants. The results showed that the immature time, adult longevity and fecundity differed significantly among cultivars. Before blooming on 11983, the values for the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were 0.0645 and 1.066 day-1 respectively, which were significantly the lowest; the highest r and λ values was recorded on ES4 which were 0.1347 and 1.144 day-1 respectively. After blooming there was no significant difference in these values among cultivars except for Mahali in which these values were significantly the highest (0.0751 and 1.078 day-1 respectively). Comparing between the phenological stages of host plants (before and after blooming) indicated that after blooming all of the tested pepper cultivars were more resistant to T. urticae. In summary, among the different cultivars tested, the most suitable was ES4 and the least suitable was 11983 before blooming of host plants. After blooming the suitability of host plants changed and decreased significantly.

Temperature-dependent development and life table parameters of Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Almond

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383
Author(s):  
Zarir Saeidi ◽  
Alireza Nemati ◽  
Elham Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures

In the current study, development, reproduction, and longevity of Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein concerning seven different temperatures including 13±1, 15±1, 20± 1, 25±1, 27±1, 30 ±1 and 35 ±1°C, relative humidity 50 ± 10 % and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. were investigated. Due to mite inability to settle on leaf disk, almond young branches were used for conducting life table experiments. Our results indicated that higher and lower temperatures caused a steeper decline in survivorship. The highest survival rate was observed at 25 and 27°C. The mean total development time was significantly decreased with increasing the temperatures; while adult longevity for both female and males significantly decreased. Furthermore, offspring production did not occur at 35°C. The highest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were 0.2563 and 1.2922 d-1 at 27°C, while their lowest values were obtained at 13°C. Again high temperature (30°C) caused a decline in both the reproductive rate and growth rate of this mite species. The longest mean generation time (T) (58.55 d) was at 13 °C and it declined significantly with increasing temperature. The most striking result emerging from our data is that 27°C is the most desirable temperature for not only development but also the reproduction of S. smirnovi. Finally, our obtained information provides a better understanding of the life history of S. smirnovi and its ability to survive and reproduce under different temperature regimes which can be used in the management of this pest.

scholarly journals Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Tables of the Predatory Mite Cheyletus Malaccensis Oudemans at Different Temperatures

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Miao Cui ◽  
Liyuan Xia ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cheyletus Malaccensis

Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans is a predatory mite inhabiting grain depots in China. The relationship between temperature and the population growth rate of C. malaccensis is useful for predicting its population dynamics. Age-stage, two-sex life tables of the predator, C. malaccensis, reared on Acarus siro were constructed under laboratory conditions at 22, 24, 28, 30, and 32 °C, 75% relative humidity, and a 0:24 h (L:D) photoperiod. Increasing temperature shortened the development time of the immature stages. The complete generation time of C. malaccensis ranged from 11.10 d to 27.50 d. Life table parameters showed that 28 °C was the optimum temperature for the growth and development of C. malaccensis; populations could increase rapidly at this temperature. The highest net reproductive rate (R0 = 290.25) and highest fecundity (544.52) occurred at 28 °C. Temperature significantly affected the intrinsic rate of increase (r), fecundity, and finite rate of increase (λ). The values of age-specific fecundity (high to low) were 28 °C > 24 °C > 30 °C > 32 °C > 22 °C, while the values of age-stage-specific fecundity had the same trend.

Biological traits of acarophagous thrips, Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae): Application of female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life tables

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-524
Author(s):  
Marjan Heidarian ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipor ◽  
Amin Sedaratian-jahromi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Scolothrips Longicornis

Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein is an important phytophagous pest of almond trees which causes serious damage in southwestern Iran. Scolothrips longicornis Priesner has been considered as an efficient predatory thrips that feeds on this spider mite and hence its efficiency for controlling S. smirnovi should be evaluated. In the current study, all main biological parameters of S. longicornis fed on S. smirnovi were determined under laboratory conditions. Data analysis was performed using both female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life table theories. Duration of incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal and pre-adult periods of male predators were 4.73, 3.18, 1.05, 1.86 and 10.82 days, respectively. These periods in female individuals lasted 4.57, 3.92, 1.04, 1.87 and 11.00 days, respectively. Our findings showed that each female laid an average of 62.74 eggs during its ovipositional period (13.61 days). Using the age-stage, two-sex life table, the values of the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) were estimated to be 26.236 (eggs/individual), 0.171 (day-1), 1.186 (day-1) and 19.130 (days), respectively. Using the female age-specific life table, these parameters had different values. Our findings revealed that S. longicornis has a reliable capability to increase its population by feeding on S. smirnovi. This information can expand our knowledge for assessing biological efficiency of this predatory thrips in sustainable management of the destructive mite pest. 

scholarly journals A life table analysis to evaluate biological control of banks grass mite using the predatory mite, Galendromus flumenis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Thomas M. Perring
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Banks Grass Mite

The predatory mite, Galendromus flumenis (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), has shown promising traits for biological control of Banks grass mite, the major pest of date palms in California. In the present study, reproduction and population growth parameters of G. flumenis on Banks grass mite eggs were studied at 34ºC, 50±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) hours. 100 percent of eggs hatched and 63.5 percent of the emerged larvae survived to adulthood. The total immature developmental time was 5.7 and 5.5 days for females and males, respectively. The sex ratio of G. flumenis was 0.70 (females/ females+ males). Mated females laid on average 1.6 eggs per day and 19.9 eggs during their mean ovipositional period of 12.5 days. The net reproductive rate (R0) was 11.5 females/ female/ generation, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.200 females/ female/ day, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.222 population multiplication/ day, the mean generation time (T) was 12.2 days, and the doubling time (DT) was 3.5 days. The lower rm value of G. flumenis than that of its prey (0.24–0.48) explains why Banks grass mite escapes control by G. flumenis in field. These results suggest that augmentative release of this predator would offset the lower rm of the predator, thereby contributing to the control of Banks grass mite. Combined with the benefit of early releases determined in companion studies, future field studies with G. flumenis are being planned.

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