scholarly journals Two-dimensional Gel Analysis of Proteins from Mouse Fetuses with Trisomy 19 after DEAE-Sepharose Chromatography

1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd H. Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Gene Dosage Effect ◽  
Gene Dosage Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mouse Fetuses ◽  
Primary Gene

SummaryIsoelectrofocusing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF-2D-PAGE) offers the opportunity to detect typical alterations in the protein pattern of trisomic mouse foetuses at a given time of development. The fractionation of the cell lysate by differential centrifugation into various subcellular components (nuclei, membranes, polyribosomes, cytoplasmic proteins) and fractionation of the proteins through DEAE-Sepharose chromatography allows detection of protein differences.It is possible to detect eight differences in the protein patterns between trisomy 19 (Ts 19) mouse foetuses and euploid mouse fetuses at day 15. Five of these differences are quantitative in nature, three are qualitative. One of these proteins is synthesized in Ts 19 foetuses at a higher level than in euploid mouse fetuses (primary gene dosage effect). The other seven proteins are reduced or not present in trisomic foetuses (consequences of primary gene dosage effects).The molecular mass of the individual proteins ranges from 13 to 41 kDa.

Application of two-dimensional protein analysis for strain fingerprinting and mutant analysis of Azospirillum species

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 960-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
René De Mot ◽  
Jos Vanderleyden
Keyword(s):  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Analysis ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Gene Dosage Effect ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Mutant Strains

Phenol-extracted total proteins from wild-type and mutant strains of Azospirillum brasilense and A. lipoferum were subjected to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein patterns of both species could be readily distinguished by specific configurations of a limited number of spots. The resolving power of the technique allowed its application for strain fingerprinting. Thus, near-identity of A. brasilense strains Sp7 and Cd was demonstrated. In addition, minor changes in protein profiles resulting from spontaneous, chemically induced, or transposon-mediated mutations in the A. brasilense genome were evidenced. For a nitrate reductase negative mutant of strain Sp245 and a Sp7 mutant affected in exopolysaccharide synthesis, production of a truncated protein was involved. In Tn5-generated mutants, a gene dosage effect for the transposon-encoded neomycine phosphotransferase was observed.Key words: Azospirillum, two-dimensional protein analysis, fingerprinting.

Variation in goat fibre protein

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Tucker ◽  
AHF Hudson ◽  
A Laudani ◽  
RC Marshall ◽  
DE Rivett
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Cashmere Goats

The proteins from a range of cashmere, mohair, angoratcashmere crossbred and wool fibre samples were extracted at pH 8 with 8 M urea containing dithiothreitol, and were then radiolabelled by S-carboxymethylation using iodo(2-14C) acetate. The proteins from each sample were examined by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in which the separation in the first dimension was according to charge at pH 8.9 and in the second dimension according to apparent molecular weight in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. After electrophoresis the proteins were detected by fluorography. Protein differences in keratin samples from some individual goats existed, although the overall protein patterns were similar. None of the differences were consistent with any one goat fibre type. The protein patterns obtained for fibre samples from individual cashmere goats showed some differences when compared to those found for commercial blends from the same country of origin, indicating that blending can mask any animal-to-animal variation. While the electrophoretic technique does not unequivocally distinguish between cashmere, mohair and angora/cashmere crossbred fibres it does differentiate between wool and goat fibres.

scholarly journals Gene dosage effects on transmission ratio distortion and fertility in mice that carry t haplotypes

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee M. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Transmission Ratio Distortion ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
T Complex ◽  
Gene Dosage Effects ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High

SummaryComplete t haplotypes can be transmitted at distorted ratios from heterozygous +/t male mice as a consequence of t-specific alleles at a series of t complex distorter loci (Tcd-1t through Tcd-4t) and a t complex responder locus. Partial t haplotypes that lack the Tcd-2t allele cannot be transmitted at the very high ratios characteristic of complete t haplotypes. The breeding studies reported here tested the possibility that the absence of Tcd-2t could be compensated for by the presence of double doses of other Tcdt alleles. The results indicate that a double dose of Tcd-4t alone will not work, but that a double dose of both Tcd-1t and Tcd-4t can promote a very high transmission ratio in the absence of Tcd-2t. These results suggest that the extent to which transmission ratios are distorted is dependent upon the absolute level of expression of the individual Tcd genes. Further studies of genotypic effects on transmission ratio distortion, as well as fertility, lead to the suggestion of a fifth t complex distorter (Tcd-5) locus within t haplotypes.

scholarly journals Salt and drought stress exhibits oxidative stress and modulated protein patterns in roots and leaves of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hussein J. SHAREEF ◽  
Jameel M. AL-KHAYRI
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L

<p>The formation of new proteins under the influence of harsh environmental conditions is a plant adaptation reaction. Two-year-old date palm tissue culture-derived plants from ‘Barhee’ grown in the field were subjected to salt stress (70 g l<sup>-1</sup> NaCl) and dehydration-induced by applying 70 g l<sup>-1</sup> polyethylene glycol or without irrigation and withholding irrigation (0 g l<sup>-1</sup>) for one month. The soluble carbohydrate content increased in response to salinity and polyethylene glycol treatment in leaves compared to the control and drought treatment without irrigation. Proline increased in all treatments. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide increased under salinity. Salinity treatment increased the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme. Salinity and polyethylene glycol treatments increased abscisic acid, whereas the indoleacetic acid level decreased. The protein pattern of roots and leaves in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the stress conditions led to new protein bands' appearance and other proteins' disappearance. A comparison of protein patterns between the control and stress treatments revealed that the relative intensity of proteins in roots and leaves were more associated with salinity treatment than the drought. The results may be clearing important the molecular mechanism of tolerance under the influence of extreme environmental stress.</p>

scholarly journals The HD-ZIP IV transcription factor Tril regulates fruit spine density through gene dosage effects in cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6297-6310
Author(s):  
Hui Du ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Jian Pan ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Tingting Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Spine Density ◽  
Gene Dosage Effect ◽  
Gene Dosage Effects ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Abstract Trichomes and fruit spines are important traits that directly affect the appearance quality and commercial value of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Tril (Trichome-less), encodes a HD-Zip IV transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the initiation of trichomes and fruit spines, but little is known about the details of the regulatory mechanisms involved. In this study, analysis of tissue expression patterns indicated that Tril is expressed and functions in the early stages of organ initiation and development. Expression of Tril under the control of its own promoter (the TrilPro::Tril-3*flag fragment) could partly rescue the mutant phenotypes of tril, csgl3 (cucumber glabrous 3, an allelic mutant of tril), and fs1 (few spines 1, a fragment substitution in the Tril promoter region), providing further evidence that Tril is responsible for the initiation of trichomes and fruit spines. In lines with dense spine, fs1-type lines, and transgenic lines of different backgrounds containing the TrilPro::Tril-3*flag foreign fragment, spine density increased in conjunction with increases in Tril expression, indicating that Tril has a gene dosage effect on fruit spine density in cucumber. Numerous Spines (NS) is a negative regulatory factor of fruit spine density. Characterization of the molecular and genetic interaction between Tril and NS/ns demonstrated that Tril functions upstream of NS with respect to spine initiation. Overall, our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism governing the effect of Tril on fruit spine development, and provide a reference for future work on breeding for physical quality in cucumber.

Impact of different substrates on biomass protein composition during wastewater treatment investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Huber ◽  
Sabine Minnebusch ◽  
Stefan Wuertz ◽  
Peter A. Wilderer ◽  
Brigitte Helmreich
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
2D Page ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis

The influence of different influent substrates on biomass protein composition was examined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Activated sludge from six sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) was investigated; four reactors were fed with model substrates and two received effluents from a wood milling process and a paper production process, respectively. Our investigations showed that in 2D-PAGE complex substrates caused a less diverse protein pattern than model wastewater composed of simple and low molecular weight compounds. This may be caused by complex formation by high molecular weight compounds of substrate with proteins. A more likely explanation is the presence of a more diversified microbial population resulting in a lower concentration of individual proteins, so that detection limits after staining were too high to observe discrete spots.

Proteins in normal, irradiated, and postmortem human brain quantitatively compared by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R K Narayan ◽  
W E Heydorn ◽  
G J Creed ◽  
P L Kornblith ◽  
D M Jacobowitz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Relative Molecular Mass ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Postmortem Human Brain ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fresh Frozen

Abstract Using a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), silver staining, and computerized densitometry, we studied protein patterns in human cerebral cortex: normal fresh-frozen, fresh-frozen but previously irradiated, and post-mortem. The relative molecular mass of the resolved proteins ranged from 14 400 to 100 000, the isoelectric points from 4.75 to 7.0. The pattern of proteins (six of them identified) was essentially the same for all three groups. However, computerized densitometry demonstrated significant alterations in the density of several spots in the irradiated and postmortem groups as compared with the normal controls. Irradiated cortex showed statistically significant changes in only six spots (three increased and three decreased in density); postmortem material showed 20 altered spots (16 diminished and four increased). Evidently normal human cerebral cortex has a consistent protein pattern on 2DE, which is quantitatively (but not qualitatively) altered in irradiated and postmortem material. These findings provide a point of reference against which proteins from abnormal brain material can be compared, both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Two-dimensional protein patterns of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds; effects of isolation procedure and imbibition

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. W. Bergervoet ◽  
H. L. Kraak ◽  
C. H. R. De Vos ◽  
R. J. Bino
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Lysis Buffer

AbstractA computer-aided comparison of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seed protein patterns, obtained after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, was made for three different extraction procedures: TCA acetone/lysis buffer, lysis buffer only and modified Laemmli/lysis buffer. Comparison of the isolation methods showed that about half of the amount of proteins detected was common in each method. Also, proteins specific to some isolation methods were detected. Protein synthesis during imbibition was monitored using 35S-methionine. After labelling the proteins were extracted using TCA acetone/lysis buffer. Following two-dimensional gel electrophoresis the gels were first silver stained, to give a general picture of all proteins present in the seed, then the gels were exposed to a film for autoradiography. Comparison of the in vivo-synthesized protein patterns and the silver-stained proteins revealed that from day 0 to day 1 the protein pattern was changed but the total number of different spots was similar. After 1 day of imbibition, the number of protein spots increased greatly and the protein pattern changed again.

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