Genetic architecture of rainbow trout survival from egg to adult

SummarySurvival from birth to a reproductive adult is a challenge that only robust individuals resistant to a variety of mortality factors will overcome. To assess whether survival traits share genetic architecture throughout the life cycle, we estimated genetic correlations for survival within fingerling stage, and across egg, fingerling and grow-out stages in farmed rainbow trout. Genetic parameters of survival at three life cycle stages were estimated for 249 166 individuals originating from ten year classes of a pedigreed population. Despite being an important fitness component, survival traits harboured significant but modest amount of genetic variation (h2=0·07–0·27). Weak associations between survival during egg-fry and fingerling periods, between early and late fingerling periods (rG=0·30) and generally low genetic correlations between fingerling and grow-out survival (mean rG=0·06) suggested that life-stage specific survival traits are best regarded as separate traits. However, in the sub-set of data with detailed time of death records, positive genetic correlations between early and late fingerling survival (rG=0·89) showed that during certain years the best genotypes in the early period were also among the best in the late period. That survival across fingerling period can be genetically the same, trait was indicated also by only slightly higher heritability (h2=0·15) estimated with the survival analysis of time to death during fingerling period compared to the analysis treating fingerling survival as a binary character (h2=0·11). The results imply that (1) inherited resistance against unknown mortality factors exists, but (2) ranking of genotypes changes across life stages.

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The environmental impact of prefabricated renovation systems: a worthy alternative to on-site renovation?

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/855/1/012007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 855 (1) ◽

pp. 012007

Author(s):

Y Decorte ◽

S De Meyer ◽

M Steeman

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Sandwich Panel ◽

Composite System ◽

Life Stage ◽

Reference Systems ◽

Timber Frame ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Abstract The conventional renovation practices, which are mainly characterized by time-consuming manual on-site techniques, partly contribute to the low renovation rate. Accordingly, a faster and more efficient approach is necessary. The implementation of prefabricated systems could offer a possible solution. These systems are increasingly being studied, but little is known about their environmental impact. Hence, this study investigates the environmental impact by means of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of two prefabricated façade renovation systems being a timber frame and a sandwich panel; and compares it to a well-known on-site technique, External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS). First, reference designs are assembled. Subsequently, the impact of different life cycle stages is determined in order to clearly indicate differences between on-site and prefabricated systems. More specifically, the production, transport, replacement and end-of-life stage are assessed. In the end, the environmental impact is examined over time combining all stages. The results show that the prefabricated systems are not yet a worthy ecological opponent to ETICS. As of the production stage, the environmental impact appears to be higher. Optimising the reference systems through an extensive redesign could lead to more competitive or even favourable results in terms of environmental impact.

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Toward a better comprehension of external environment factors and life cycle stages importance on SME failure in Brazil

Journal of Organisational Studies and Innovation ◽

10.51659/josi.20.127 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 25-39

Author(s):

Edmundo Escrivão Filho ◽

Alexandre Farias Albuquerque ◽

Marcelo Seido Nagano ◽

Luiz Philippsen Jr

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

External Environment ◽

Life Cycle Stage ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Mortality Factors ◽

Comprehensive Description ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

The Relationship ◽

Organization Life Cycle

Although importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) is relatively well established in the literature, little research exists on life cycle stage at the time of SME failure or closure. This exploratory research builds a comprehensive description of SME mortality factors related to the external environment to analyse the changing importance of these factors throughout the SME’s organization life cycle stages (OLC). Seven case studies are used to develop a more complete understanding of the relationship between external environment and mortality factors. Data were collected through interviews and analysed based on inductive content analysis technique. The results indicate that failure SME did not adequately assimilate nine main factors: non-payment of the clients, competition with big business, seasonality of sells during the year, minimum amount of purchase required by suppliers, tributary load, government economic plans, national economy crisis, and headquarter/office robbery and asymmetric relationship with the franchisor. Regarding SME’s OLC, environmental factors’ relevance changed throughout the SME life cycle. Additional result suggests that exists more stages than discussed in the literature, reported by sample SME owner-managers studied.

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Identifying SME mortality factors in the life cycle stages: an empirical approach of relevant factors for small business owner-managers in Brazil

Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research ◽

10.1186/s40497-017-0064-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Edmundo Escrivão Filho ◽

Alexandre Farias Albuquerque ◽

Marcelo Seido Nagano ◽

Luiz Adalberto Philippsen Junior ◽

Jair de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Small Business ◽

Empirical Approach ◽

Business Owner ◽

Small Business Owner ◽

Mortality Factors ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Relevant Factors

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A change in the importance of mortality factors throughout the life cycle stages of small businesses

Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research ◽

10.1186/s40497-016-0051-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandre Farias Albuquerque ◽

Edmundo Escrivão Filho ◽

Marcelo Seido Nagano ◽

Luiz Adalberto Philippsen Junior

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Mortality Factors ◽

Life Cycle Stages

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Life-Cycle Evaluation of Ecobalance Performance of Ecomaterial-Type Building Materials by Multiple Eco-Indicator Method

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2339 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 539-543 ◽

pp. 2339-2344

Author(s):

Toshio Fukushima

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Service Life ◽

Life Cycle Inventory ◽

Building Materials ◽

Life Stage ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Indicator Method ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Radar Chart ◽

Harmful Substances

Ecomaterial-type building materials are classified based upon 6 row×8 column eco-life-cycle matrix table combining 8 life-cycle stages of resources gathering, transportation, production, assembly/construction, in-service/maintenance and modernization, demolition, recycle/reuse/reproduction, and reduce/final waste with six eco-balance evaluation items of long service life, resources circulation, reduction of harmful substances, resources and environmental capacities, materials efficiency ,and health safety. Evaluation indicators other than life cycle inventory (LCI) are shown as methods of ecobalance performance. In each life stage, each ecomaterial is evaluated as radar chart by 5 step indices by six eco-balance evaluation item (multi eco-indicators）.

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