Toward a better comprehension of external environment factors and life cycle stages importance on SME failure in Brazil

Although importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) is relatively well established in the literature, little research exists on life cycle stage at the time of SME failure or closure. This exploratory research builds a comprehensive description of SME mortality factors related to the external environment to analyse the changing importance of these factors throughout the SME’s organization life cycle stages (OLC). Seven case studies are used to develop a more complete understanding of the relationship between external environment and mortality factors. Data were collected through interviews and analysed based on inductive content analysis technique. The results indicate that failure SME did not adequately assimilate nine main factors: non-payment of the clients, competition with big business, seasonality of sells during the year, minimum amount of purchase required by suppliers, tributary load, government economic plans, national economy crisis, and headquarter/office robbery and asymmetric relationship with the franchisor. Regarding SME’s OLC, environmental factors’ relevance changed throughout the SME life cycle. Additional result suggests that exists more stages than discussed in the literature, reported by sample SME owner-managers studied.

Strategic Effects of Service Innovation on Financial and Market Performance

The reason for the emphasis on innovation and strategy was the need for organizations to be successful in performance criteria and growth aspirations against competitors. The fact that the competition continues to increase day by day and the entrance to the market is becoming more difficult in every sector shows the fact that companies need to improve their innovation skills in order to ensure sustainability in national or international activities. In the research, the effects of service innovation activities on financial and market performance, as well as strategic analysis and strategic orientation, are examined in banks which have a significant position in the service sector. The surveys were collected from 358 (white-collar) employees at the expert level, after the research model and the sector to be researched were determined. SPSS 25 and AMOS programs were used in the analysis, and the Sobel Test and Hayes process were used for mediation variable analysis. According to survey data, service innovation has a positive impact on both strategic orientation and strategic analysis, as well as financial and market performance. In addition, it is understood that strategic analysis and the mediation effect of strategic orientation variables exist.

Digital Transformation Strategy: The LEGO Case

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the digital transformation of LEGO and to figure it out in innovation-oriented growth decisions. To this end, the study here examines the transformation process of the company from diversification to smart specialization strategy in more detail. Besides, where digital architecture for toys requires many innovations at the same time, authors discuss what LEGO does to add value. More importantly, the typologies of innovation strategy elucidate the changes and improvements that foster digital transformation.

A model for organizational entrepreneurship with organizational health approach of district 1Iran teaching hospitals

Each member of an organization would be exposed to the deficits both spiritually and physically in case of not benefiting from organizational health. So, it would gradually end in the disruption of organizational operations, including entrepreneurship, so as not to achieve the highest goals of the organization. For determining the relationship between organizational health and entrepreneurship, the present research was carried out of district 1 Iran Teaching Hospitals. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 946 managers and experts at level one hospitals of the University of Medical Sciences in 2019.The measuring tool was the standard questionnaires of entrepreneurship and organizational health of Organizational Health Index(OHI). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling using the partial least squares method and Smart PLS2 software. The results showed that the organizational health at an institutional level (r = 0.98), organizational health at managerial level (r = 0.94), organizational health at the technical level (r = 0.95) and overall organizational health (r = 0.98) are significantly and directly associated with the organizational entrepreneurship (p ≤0.05). In terms of the direct relationship between the organizational health and organizational entrepreneurship, it seems that by improving the organizational health, the entrepreneurship will be improved and vice versa.

Examining the Relationship between Psychopathic Leadership, Work Phobic Anxiety and Employee Work Alienation: The Moderating Role of Hostile Attribution Bias

The current study examines the direct relationship between psychopathic leadership and work alienation while incorporating the mediating role of work phobic anxiety. The study sustains that work phobic anxiety mediates the relationship between leader psychopathy and employee work alienation. In addition to this, as grounded in Affective Events Theory, the study further establishes that Hostile Attribution Bias (HAB) as employee-centric dispositional factor moderates the relationship of leader psychopathy an affect inducing event and work phobic anxiety, an employee's behavioral outcome a reaction concerning stimulus workplace. The study employs a quantitative time-lagged design with multisource data collected in three waves through the survey method. Results of the data analysis established all hypotheses of the research in the proposed directions. Confirmatory Factor Analyses were also performed to ensure, reliability and validity of the scales employed in the study; the mediation & moderation were analyzed using SPSS Process Macro, using the "Bootstrapping Method" (Hayes, 2017).

Management Innovation: A Critical Review

Management innovation is one of the most important innovations that help organizations to overcome their performance threshold in the last century (Hamel, 2006). However, the failure rate of management innovation is as high as 70%. This study investigates how management innovation is conceptualized in the literature and proposes a more comprehensive framework for analyzing management innovation. Through an integrative literature review and critical analyses of each approach to management innovation, the paper demonstrates three approaches to management innovation and its philosophical assumptions. Drawing from social constructionism and organisational change theory, it proposes a conceptual model for analyzing and leading management innovation via three mechanisms of social constructionism i.e. externalization, objectification, and internationalization. Each mechanism is described and discussed for research and practical implications.

Investigating the Mediating Role of Employee Flexibility between Toxic Leadership and Non-civil Behavior

This study examined the mediating role of employee flexibility between toxic leadership and non-civil behavior. This research is a correlational and applied research. Descriptive and structural equation modeling were used as the method of the study, in which toxic leadership, non-civil behavior and employee flexibility were considered as the predictive, criterion and moderator variables, respectively. SPSS and Amos software were used to analyze the data. In this study, the population was the employees of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who were over 398 people, of those 195 persons were estimated using Cochran formula. Standard questionnaires were used to collect the data so that their validity and reliability were confirmed. The results show that employee flexibility had a significant negative impact on non-civil behavior in academic setting (P< 0.05), and toxic leadership had a significant positive impact on non-civil behavior in academic setting (P<0.05).According to the results, any leader who has a toxic leadership style may somehow lead to non-civil behavior at university. Non-civil behavior is, furthermore, decreased in academic setting due to an increase in employee flexibility or vice versa. Employee flexibility has a decreasing role between malicious behavior of toxic leadership and non-civil behavior in the academic setting.