V.—The Recent Geological History of the Baltic. Part I: the Litorina Sea

1905 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
Sir H. H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Geological History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University ◽  
Litorina Sea ◽  
Geological Magazine

The recent history of the Baltic involves problems of great interest and importance, and promises to afford considerable help in solving the mysteries of the later geological changes in Western Europe. It is therefore worth a closer study than has been extended to it in this country. Perhaps I may be permitted to condense in the Geological Magazine what has been written about it in late years by the Scandinavian geologists, and to add some inferences of my own. I am especially indebted to De Geers and Munthe, the latter of whom has written quite an ideal monograph on one section of the story in the Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, vol. ii.

IV.—The Recent Geological History of the Baltic and Scandinavia and its importance in the Post-Tertiary History of Western Europe

1918 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 354-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Geological History ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
General Geology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Geological Magazine

Some years ago I was allowed to publish in the Geological Magazine some papers on the recent geological history of the Baltic, in which I tried to bring before English readers the very important discoveries of the Northern geologists as affecting the general geology of the north-west of Europe and to extend their deductions. I was obliged to interrupt them for other work. Perhaps you will allow me to continue them some steps further, as we had reached a stage of some interest.

II.—The Recent Geological History of the Baltic and Scandinavia and its importance in the Post-Tertiary History of Western Europe

1918 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 451-461
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Geological History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Raised Beaches

Let us now turn to the lessons presented by the Mollusca found in the raised beaches of Norway and Western Sweden.

Brief aus der Schweiz

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-299
Author(s):  
Markus Wild
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Recent History ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The University

Abstract This letter focuses on both the recent history of academic philosophy in Switzerland and its present status. Historically, institutional self-consciousness of philosophy came to life during World War II as a reaction to the isolation of international academic life in Switzerland; moreover, the divide between philosophy in the French part and the German part of the country had to be bridged. One important instrument to achieve this end was the creation of the “Schweizerische Philosophische Gesellschaft” and its “Jahrbuch” (today: “Studia philosophica”) in 1940. At the same time the creation of the journal “Dialectica” (1947), the influence of Joseph Maria Bochensky at the University of Fribourg and Henri Lauener at the University of Berne prepared the ground for the flourishing of analytic philosophy in Switzerland. Today analytic philosophy has established a very successful academic enterprise in Switzerland without suppressing other philosophical traditions. Despite the fact that academic philosophy is somewhat present in the public, there is much more potential for actual philosophical research to enter into public consciousness. The outline sketched in this letter is, of course, a limited account of the recent history and present state of philosophy in Switzerland. There is only very little research on this topic.

Great Men and Large Numbers: Undertheorising a History of Mass Killing

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
THOMAS KÜHNE
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
European History ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
German Jews ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Scholarship is not only about gaining new insights or establishing accurate knowledge but also about struggling for political impact and for market shares – shares of public or private funds, of academic jobs, of quotations by peers, and of media performances. Timothy Snyder's Bloodlands fights for recentring contemporary European history.1 No longer, his new book implies, should the centre of that history be Germany, which initiated two world wars and engaged with three genocides; even less should the centre be Western Europe, which historians for long have glorified as the trendsetter of modernity; and the Soviet Union, or Russia, does not qualify as ‘centre’ anyway. Introducing ‘to European history its central event’ (p. 380) means to focus on the eastern territories of Europe, the lands between Germany and Russia, which, according to Snyder, suffered more than any other part from systematic, politically motivated, mass murder in the twentieth century. The superior victimhood of the ‘bloodlands’ is a numerical one. Fourteen million people, Jewish and non-Jewish, in the territories of what is today most of Poland, the Ukraine, Belarus, western Russia, and the Baltic States did not become just casualties of war but victims of deliberate mass murder. Indeed, this is ‘a very large number’ (p. 411), one that stands many comparisons: ten million people perished in Soviet and German concentration camps (as opposed to the Nazi death camps, which were located within the ‘bloodlands’), 165,000 German Jews died during the Holocaust (p. ix), and even the number of war casualties most single countries or territories counted in the Second World War was smaller.

Habsburg Studies in Europe

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-307
Author(s):  
Fritz Fellner ◽  
Friedrich Gottas
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Western European ◽  
The University

At this moment I understand how Ludwig August von Benedek must have felt in the late spring of 1866 when charged with a task for which he felt inadequate, because find myself in a similar situation. In no way can my remarks meet the standard set in the paper which Prof. Schroeder has presented to the conference. The reason for this difference partly to be found in the topic itself, for in a certain way. I think, Mr. Schroeder's assignment to examine the American literature was an easy one. He had to read a huge number studies published in the past years by American scholars specializing in research on the Habsburg monarchy; his task was to select and to organize. My task turned out to be completely different. When I tried to find studies of the Habsburg monarchy published in Western Europe after 1945, instead selecting from a plethora of material, I had to determine whether there actually was as little material available as there appeared to be. When, at my request, Dr. Friedrich Gottas, of the Historical Institute of the University of Salzburg, checked my findings through a careful search of bibliographies and periodicals, his research supported my theory that after 1945 the history of the Habsburg monarchy was not a favorite topic among historians in Western Europe. Given this circumstance, I thought it best to concentrate my informal observations on certain trends which in my opinion have been noticeable in Western European historiography since 1945.

scholarly journals Podiebrad: Bohemia Past and Present

1873 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 54-76
Author(s):  
De Vericour
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Ben Jonson ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Winter's Tale ◽  
Vernacular Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University

The word Bohemia, it is well known, is a conventional appellation devoid of truth; a name derived from the Boij, a Gallic tribe which settled in that country, 587 B.C. In the seventh century, the Czechs, a Slavonian people, conquered it, and that branch of the great Slavonian race has ever possessed a distinct and original life, as well as a vernacular culture, that has not met with the attention it deserves at the hands of historical students. The Germans of the hereditary house of Habsburg, proclaim that the Czechs owe everything to them— arts, science, civilisation; they have often done so in a somewhat insulting language, despite several glorious epochs in the history of Bohemia, namely, the reign of Ottokar, the competitor of Rodolf of Habsburg to the imperial crown, in 1272; the greatness of the University of Prag, in the fourteenth century, and the glorious episode of George of Podiebrad. As to the Bohemian kingdom of Ottokar, by its importance and extent, it alone deserves a special history. It comprised, besides Bohemia proper, great part of modern Prussia, Carinthia, Croatia, Illyria; it extended from the Baltic to the Adriatic sea, with the harbour of Nao on the latter, thus justifying, as it were, Shakespeare, in whose “ Winter's Tale ” a Sicilian fleet sails into Bohemia, a statement that was eagerly ridiculed by Ben Jonson and others.

A Different Approach to the History of Islam and Muslims in Europe: A North-Eastern Angle, or the Need to Reconsider the Research Field

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Larsson ◽  
Egdūnas Račius
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Research Field ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslims In Europe ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Eastern Baltic

AbstractWhile the ever more strongly felt presence of Muslims in western Europe has already stimulated numerous scholars of various social sciences to embark upon research on issues related to that presence, it is apparent that just a few studies and introductory text books have so far dealt with the evolution of Muslim communities in other parts of Europe, especially in countries of central, eastern, and northern Europe. Without appreciation of and comprehensive research into the more than six-hundred-year-long Muslim presence in the eastern Baltic rim the picture of the development of Islam and Muslim-Christian relations in Europe remains incomplete and even distorted. Therefore, this article argues for the necessity of approaching the history of Islam and Muslims in Europe from a different and ultimately more encompassing angle by including the minorities of Muslim cultural background that reside in the countries of the European part of the former Soviet Union—the Baltic states and Belarus. Besides arguing that it is necessary to reconsider and expand the research field in order to develop more profound studies of Islam and Muslims in Europe, the article also outlines suggestions as to why the Muslim history in the eastern Baltic rim has been generally excluded from the history of Islam in Europe.

scholarly journals Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot project

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Anna Stafecka
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Basis ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot projectDialectologists from Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia and the Department of Language History and Dialectology of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language, have developed a proposal for a joint project entitled, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, which is intended to demonstrate the close kinship of these two Baltic languages. A pilot project, supported by a grant from the University of Latvia and Directorate for the Millenium of Lithuania has been carried out between 2006 and 2008 to determine what the form and eventual content of such an atlas might be.In 2009 a summary of work carried out on the pilot project on Atlas of the Baltic Languages, Prospect has been published which includes 12 geolinguistic maps, with commentary in Latvian, Lithuanian and English. The publication also contains in the introduction homage paid to the living and extinct Baltic languages, as well as an overview of the history of the study of dialects in both countries and the characteristics and regional distribution of the dialects of Latvian and Lithuanian. The publication also describes the principles followed in creating these geolinguistic maps and associated commentary.This article describes recent progress made in research on the regional distribution of dialects of both Baltic languages. For more than a century research on the dialects of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages has taken place in parallel, separately gathering data on the various dialects of each respective language. It is, therefore, necessary first to examine, briefly, the histories of the respective geolinguistic research endeavours.The first records of differences between the territorial extents and diversity of Latvian and Lithuanian are to be found in surviving grammars and dictionaries of these languages compiled in the 17th century.The first map showing the geographical reach of the Lithuanian language is to be found in the grammar compiled in 1876 by Friedrich Kurschat. The first geolinguistic map of the Latvian language was published in 1892 by August Bielenstein.The systematic efforts at gathering Latvian and Lithuanian non-material cultural assets date from the second half of the 19th century. A new chapter in the study of Lithuanian and Latvian dialects began in the 1950s after a decision was taken to produce atlases of the two languages. At the end of the 20th century the atlases of the Lithuanian and Latvian language were published. This was the main basis for joint project – The Atlas of the Baltic LanguagesThe maps created in the framework of the pilot project, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, show the principal grouping of most terms used by the speakers of these two living Baltic languages. An in-depth geolinguistic study of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages could produce important findings in the field of the history of the Baltic peoples.  Атлас балтийских языков: проект разработкиВ 2009 году был издан сигнальный проект Baltu valodu atlants (Атлас балтийских языков), в котором кроме 12 геолингвистических карт с комментариями на латышском, литовском и аглийском языках, дана обширная вступительная часть, посвященная живым и мертвым балтийским языкам, краткая история диалектологических исследований обеих стран, характеристика и распространение диалектов латышского и литовского языков, а также принцип составления карт и комментариев. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли предыдущие геолингвистические исследования и собранные по вопроснику диалектные материалы обоих балтийских языков.В течение более столетия исследования диалектов литовского и латышского языков развивались параллельно. Языковые в диалектные данные были собраны и обработаны в отдельности для каждого языка. Необходимо затем проследить историю геолингвистических исследований диалектов обоих языков.Первые сведения о территориальных различиях латышского и литовского языков были отнесены уже в грамматиках и словарях XVII века.Первую карту распространения литовского языка предложил Фридрих Куршат (Friedrich Kurschat) в изданной в 1876 году грамматике литовского языка.В 1892 году была издана первая геолингвистическиая карта латышского языка, ее автором был священник немецкой национальности Август Биленштайн (August Bielenstein).Во второй половине XIX века в Европе собирались этнографические материалы и исследовались местные языковые особенности. В это же время появляются первые программы собирания латышской и литовской нематериальной культуры. Новый период в исследовании латышских и литовских диалектов начался в 50-ые годы XX века, когда было решено издать атласы литовского и латышского языков. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли изданные в конце XX века диалектологические атласы литовского и латышского языков, составленные в нем карты показывают их общие лексические ареалы.

IV.—The Recent Geological History of the Baltic. Part III: The Western Part of the Sea, the Sound, and the Belts

1905 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
H. H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Water Lake ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Fresh Water Lake ◽  
Eastern Baltic

In two previous papers I have set out the conclusions generally held by Northern geologists in regard to the more recent history of the Eastern Baltic, according to which it was once a great enclosed fresh-water lake or sea, the Ancylus lake, which by the breach in the land-bridge connecting Skäne and Denmark was converted into a brackish-water sea, the Litorina sea, which has in turn become less and less saline until it has reached its present condition.

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