Of Nuclear Rials and Golden Shoes: Scaling Commodities and Currencies across Sanctions on Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Emrah Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Global Markets ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Iranian State

Abstract Since the 2012 sanctions that dis-embedded the Iranian economy from global markets, contraband commerce has become an explosive issue in Iran. Increasingly Iranians came to regard sanctions as enforced by both international powers and their own state officials, who criminalized certain kinds of cross-border trade, but not others. Although Iranian state actors distinguish between the trader—praised for contributing to the economy—and the traitor—denounced for undermining its integrity—what both unites and blurs the line between them is their shared struggle with a devaluing currency that some Iranians call nuclear. This article examines the “nuclear rial” by extending insights from anthropological scholarship on money to the study of sanctions to advance a dynamic understanding of currency. Studying Iranian trade in gold proves productive for understanding how people negotiate the effects of sanctions in an unevenly financialized world. At stake in the negotiations is a conditional articulation of monetary value that relies on contingent conversions between commodities and currencies and among currencies.

scholarly journals Impact of Informal Cross Border Trade on Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: Kotangowa Market [Lagos] in Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olukayode Abiodun Faleye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
State Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Impact

27th August 2014: Final corrections were made to this paper as requested by the author - Editor.This work investigates the impact of Informal Cross Border Trade (ICBT) on poverty alleviation in Nigeria using Kotangowa market in Lagos as a case study. While the policy dialogue in Nigeria is driven by the state-centric perception of ICBT as an economic malice, this study analyzes the impact of ICBT including smuggling on the socio-economic development of participants. Also, it examines the role of the state and non-state actors in negotiating the implementation of regulations at the margins and center of the state. The research problem is examined through an assessment of the financial history of informal cross-border traders and customers in the market. The factors considered include income levels, assets acquisition, and expenditure overtime. The approach is qualitative based on descriptive method of data analysis. While ICBT is tainted by state policies as hampering economic development, findings show that it actually alleviates poverty. This paper argues that informality of this nature exemplifies the moderation of arbitrary state policies by non-state actors in Sub-Saharan Africa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ctbijis.v2i1.10809   Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol.2(1) 2014: 13-22

Calibrating Informal Cross-Border Trade in Southern Africa

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Peberdy ◽  
Jonathan Crush ◽  
Daniel Tevera ◽  
Eugene Campbell ◽  
Ines Raimundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade

Mobilizing Bodies and Body Parts, from Myanmar to Manipur: Medical connections through borderlands in ‘transition’

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
DUNCAN MCDUIE-RA
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
State Actors

Abstract This article focuses on cross-border medical connections between Myanmar and Manipur, India. Non-state actors have been instrumental in creating the networks to bring bodies and body parts back and forth, first bypassing, then enmeshing, state actors. I focus on the movement of patients and medical samples across the border—from western Myanmar to Imphal city and back again—and the health infrastructure that enables it. Analysing these connections makes several contributions to the study of border governance. First, movement from Myanmar to Manipur is primarily for treatment or diagnosis, and these connections project particular ways of thinking about each place—western Myanmar as poor and remote, Manipur as advanced and networked. Second, both Manipur and western Myanmar can be considered in ‘transition’—as territories being recalibrated by political dynamics emanating elsewhere yet becoming connected through shared needs. Third, patients and samples move through territories controlled by paramilitary forces, underground groups, and different tribal councils. Routes are sometimes blocked or passage treacherous, testing the limits of conventional notions of bilateral border governance. Finally, cross-border medical connections between Manipur and Myanmar draw attention to the risky cross-border medical mobility of the poor. Rather than seeking to minimize cost, patients utilize Manipur's health infrastructure out of necessity, providing insights into the contours of cross-border medical care in times of transition.

The Globalization of Health Law: The Case of Permissibility of Placebo-based Research

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Timothy S. Jost
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Internet Pharmacies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Global Communications ◽  
National Borders

If any trend can be confidently predicted for the next millennium (or, more modestly, for our lifetimes) it is the globalization of health law. We live in an age of global markets and global communications. While care of the individual patient has remained largely local, national borders are quite porous to health care professionals. The cross-border flow of patients is a significant factor in some regions, and the development of telemedicine and internet pharmacies is radically expanding the possibility of cross-border medical practice.

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