Secretariat

1953 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-555
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Human Society ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Individual

Annual Report of the Secretary-General:In his introduction to the eighth annual report of the Secretary-General on the work of the United Nations, which covered the period of July 1, 1952-June 30, 1953, Dag Hammarskjold urged Member governments to take a long-range vantage-point in judging the success and maturity of the organization. The United Nations, he pointed out, was “a positive response by the world community to the fundamental needs of our time” and, while efforts to control and moderate conflicts offering an immediate danger to world peace (especially the “East-West” conflict) of necessity occupied the first attention of Members in their day-to-day decisions, the ultimate success of the organization would be determined by its contribution to furthering basic trends in current human society. Mr. Hammarskjold felt that, side-by-side with the immediate issues, lay the fundamental trends toward wider social justice and equality for the individual and toward wider political, economic and social equality and justice between nations. Previous efforts for world peace were directed toward objectives which had received even fuller recognition in the United Nations: 1) an international instrument for peace and justice based on a system of mediation, conciliation and collective security; 2) orderly progress of nations toward a state of full economic development, self-government and independence; and 3) recognition of international cooperation as an essential instrument for development toward greater social justice within nations. The Secretary-General observed a tendency among Members to regard political and economic equality as technical and special problems subordinate to the more urgent one of collective security. In a shortterm perspective, he added, this was probably true; however, international equality and justice were prerequisite to domestic social development of all the peoples of the world and were decisive factors in building a world of peace and freedom.

1. Introduction to the Annual Report of the Secretary-General (Lie) on the Work of the Organization, July 7, 1949

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-758
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Third World ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
World Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Third World War

The year between 1 July 1948 and 30 June 1949 covered in this, my fourth annual report on the work of the United Nations, has been, on the whole, a year of progress towards a more peaceful world.It is true that the world has had its full share of crises and alarms. The rival claims in an ideological conflict have been pressed as though they were the only issue of our times, while the great Powers have continued their efforts to strengthen their relative positions before the situation is brought nearer to stability by the conclusion of peace treaties. Although overshadowed by the great Power differences, movements of national independence and social upheavals in many parts of the world have unavoidably contributed to international tensions. These conditions, which have persisted since the war ended, continue to cause widespread anxiety among the peoples of the world as to the prospects for world peace and the ability of the United Nations to prevent a third world war.

Secretariat

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
Strong Program ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
The United Nations

The General Assembly of the United Nations voted on November 1, 1950 to continue Trygve Lie in the office of the Secretary-General of the United Nations for an additional three years and following the vote, Mr. Lie addressed the plenary meeting. He stated that the United Nations could not function effectively unless the Secretariat acted in loyal conformity with the decisions and recommendations of the organs of the United Nations and by the same token the Secretariat must act in the collective interest of the United Nations. He pledged that as Secretary-General he would remain impartial to all countries. He pointed out that the United Nations' road to peace required universal collective security, but that a persistent effort for the reconciliation of conflicting interests plus a strong program for an adequate standard of living throughout the world were also necessary for peace.

What Happened to the United Nations Ministate Problem

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Michael M. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Voting Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
To Come ◽  
World Organization

During the past decade, a number of scholarly analyses of the United Nations ministate problem have appeared. This concern is understandable because the dilemma of ministate representation goes to the heart of the malaise increasingly gripping the world organization: How to square formal voting power with the realities of international politics? Indeed, no less of an authority than the late Secretary-General U Thant, in his final Annual Report, warned his reluctant audience that the ministate problem “is likely to become more acute in the years to come.”

The Repatriation and Resettlement of the Southern Sudanese

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Louise W. Holborn
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Refugee Population ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations

While the world press has focused over the past year on problems surrounding the creation of still another refugee population in Africa — that of Uganda's Asians — far too little attention has been directed to the remarkable though still fragile process of repatriation and resettlement of hundreds of thousands of Southern Sudanese. This population of displaced persons includes both refugees who fled to other countries and large numbers of homeless who hid in the bush during the civil war that wracked the Sudan for seventeen years, from 1955 through the first months of 1972. Responding to the initiatives of President Gaafar al-Nimeiry of the Sudan, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR), under an explicit mandate from the Secretary- General of the United Nations, has been raising funds, organizing activities on behalf of the most pressing needs and working closely with all local interests to meet overwhelming problems.

scholarly journals The Department of State and the United nations

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Palmer Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security System ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Fast Acting

The United Nations at the time of this writing has emerged from a period of uncertainty engendered by the Soviet boycotts beginning in January 1950, into blazing prominence as a fast-acting agency for suppressing armed aggression. Many of the questions raised during the first four years of its existence concerning its vitality and effectiveness as the center of a collective security system have now been dramatically answered. Its forms have altered with experience, and by analogy to our Constitution, its action in response to the armed invasion of the Republic of Korea constitutes a precedent which may rank with Chief Justice Marshall's most momentous decisions. Whatever new directions the organization and its Charter may take in response to the dynamics of the world society they represent, it is indisputable that this new parlimentary form of conducting international affairs has conclusively proved its worth and its indispensability to the future of the international community.

Collective Security and Collective Self-Defense Under the Charter of the United Nations

1948 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Kelsen
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual

Collective security is the main purpose of the United Nations, just as it was the main purpose of its predecessor, the League of Nations. What does collective security mean? Under general international law the principle of self-help prevails. The protection of the legal interests of the states against violations on the part of other states is left to the individual state whose right has been violated. General international law authorizes the state, i.e., the individual member of the international community, to resort, in case of a violation of its rights, to reprisals or war against that state which is responsible for the violation. Reprisals and war are enforcement actions. Insofar as they are reactions against violations of the law, and authorized by it, they have the character of sanctions. We speak of collective security when the protection of the rights of the states, the reaction against the violation of the law, assumes the character of a collective enforcement action.

Secretariat: Annual Report of the Secretary-General

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Article 59 ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Direct Concern

In his Introduction to the Annual Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization, 16 June 1964–15 June 1965 Secretary-General U Thant noted that the ten months under review had without doubt been difficult ones in the history of the United Nations. The opening date of the nineteenth session of the General Assembly had been postponed several times and, when it did meet, it had been unable to follow the normal rules of procedure due to the controversy over the applicability of Article 59 of the UN Charter. Another regrettable development of direct concern to the UN had been the announcement by Indonesia of its decision to withdraw from the Organization as from January 1, 1965.

Dag Hammarskjöld as Leader: A Problem of Definition

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-635
Author(s):  
L.S. Trachtenberg
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Empty Shell ◽  
National Leader ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The One ◽  
Dag Hammarskjold

The Secretary-Generalship of the United Nations is a unique post. While enjoying none of the actual powers of a great national leader, the Secretary-General, by virtue of his position and prestige, has unrivalled possibilities for constructive and conciliatory action in the world, and in times of crisis he also has an ultimate, though vaguely defined, responsibility for maintaining the peace. Of all important public positions, his is perhaps the one in which spiritual strength, integrity, and courage are most essential to effective performance, for without them the office, lacking the normal trappings and supports of power, is an empty shell of high-sounding principles and good but unfulfilled intentions.

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