International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-661

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development announced on June 17, 1960, a twenty-year term loan of $15.5 million, bearing 6 percent interest per annum, with amortization beginning in 1963, to the Republic of the Sudan, to finance most of the remaining foreign exchange costs of the Managil Irrigation Scheme, local currency requirements to be provided by the government of the Sudan. The project was an extension of, and patterned on, the Gezira Scheme, one of the most successful irrigation projects in the world, and a 10 percent annual increase in the value of Sudan's agricultural output was expected to result from its development. Three United States banks participated in the loan.

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-341
Author(s):  
Michael J. Francis ◽  
Hernan Vera-Godoy

Increasingly alone as a stable republican nation in Latin America, Chile has long been a favorite subject for North American scholars and journalists. Every six years, as it faces a presidential election, the world press breathlessly rediscovers that this long slim country confronts its public problems within the framework of a developed, democratic political system. When in 1964 Chile placed a young idealistic party in power behind Eduardo Frei, an unquestionably intelligent figure of austere but charismatic bearing, this country became a favorite model for the advocates of democratic reformism in Latin America and soon was receiving the highest United States foreign aid per capita in Latin America. Thus it came as a shock that the Chilean electorate could turn its back on Frei's administration in 1970 by favoring the rightist and Marxist candidates. For those who saw in the government of Frei a basic alternative to Marxist models for Latin America, the free election of an avowed Marxist as the President of Chile presents additional problems.


1917 ◽  
Vol 85 (17) ◽  
pp. 455-456

The following is the text of the resolutions which officially entered the United States into the world war:— “Whereas the imperial German government has committed repeated acts of war against the government and the people of the United States of America; therefore be it “Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in congress assembled, that the state of war between the United States and the imperial German government, which has thus been thrust upon the United States, is hereby formally declared; and that the President be and he is hereby authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the government to carry on war against the imperial German government; and to bring the conflict to a successful termination all of the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States.”


Author(s):  
Anna BOROWIAK ◽  
Choonsil LIM

A keen interest in the culture and economic development of the Republic of Korea has resulted in establishing business relations between Korea and various countries all around the world. The Korean War (1950-1953) is said to be the catalyst for Korean Studies, since it has generated a considerable interest in Korean history, language and culture. Yet, when the Korean Language Education (henceforward KLE) is being referred to, usually the years when the boom for "everything that is Korean” started, which could be attributed to the successfully organized Summer Olympics in 1988 and co-organized Asian World Cup in 2002, are being mentioned. This was when the world saw a different side of Korea. However, also thanks to the enormous popularity of Hallyu and the support of the South Korean Government given to initiatives, which among others, popularize the Korean language, the interest in various aspects of Korean culture as well as the language itself, has become higher than ever before. Since the turn of the 21st century, South Korea is perceived as one of the world's leading exporters of culture and tourism, and Hangeul became one of the exported goods.The aim of this research is to analyze the situation of KLE in the era of globalization, which along with the spread of lingua franca, among them English, is endangering the language variety of the world. In order to do so, several significant dates and initiatives showing how Korean scholars and the Government have influenced and shaped the language policy and thus have contributed to the popularization of the language all around the world will also be referred to. Government sponsored institutions providing Korean language classes, as well as books and other teaching materials, will be discussed and classified. The article will also try to answer the question concerning the future of the KLE.


Author(s):  
Gatot Yoda Kusumah ◽  
Liong Ju Tjung ◽  
Priyendiswara A.B. Priyendiswara

Indonesian tourism is an important sector in increasing state revenues. The tourism sector ranks third in terms of foreign exchange earnings. in 2014 The government established tourism as the leading sector in improving the economy to encourage regional development and employment. With the law of the Republic of Indonesia number 39 of 2009 concerning Special Economic Zones, hereinafter referred to as K.E.K is a region with a certain boundary with the jurisdiction of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia which is determined to carry out economic functions and obtain certain facilities. Kab. Central Lombok is one of the places where there is a K.E, namely K.E.K Mandalika. In order to increase the income of the Lombok region where the development of K.E.K Mandalika is 1,175 ha and the author takes 21 ha of land at K.E.K Mandalika to develop a Resort with a waterfront concept in order to increase Lombok tourism. Based on background problems, the main underlyinh problem is the lack of supporting facilities to support activities in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone, therefore the need for accommodation in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone.Abstrak Pariwisata Indonesia menjadi sektor yang penting dalam peningkatan pendapatan Negara. Sektor pariwisata menempati urutan ketiga dalam hal penerimaan devisa. Pemerintah pada tahun 2014 menetapkan pariwisata sebagai leading sektor dalam peningkatan perekonomian untuk mendorong pembangunan daerah dan lapangan pekerjaan. Dengan adanya undang-undang Republik Indonesia nomor 39 tahun 2009 tentang Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus, yang selanjutnya disebut K.E.K (kawasan ekonomi khusus), adalah Kawasan dengan batas tertentu dengan wilayah hukum Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang ditetapkan untuk menyelenggarakan fungsi perekonomian dan memperoleh fasilitas tertentu. Kab. Lombok Tengah merupakan salah satu tempat dimana terdapat K.E.K yakni adalah K.E.K Mandalika. Guna dapat meningkatkan pendapatan daerah lombok dimana Pengembangan K.E.K Mandalika seluas 1.175 ha dan Penulis mengambil 21 ha lahan di K.E.K Mandalika untuk dikembangkan Resort dengan konsep waterfront guna dapat meningkatkan pariwisata lombok. Berdasarkan permasalahan latar belakang, permasalahan utama yang mendasar adalah belum adanya fasilitas pendukung untuk menunjang aktivitas di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Mandalika.


Author(s):  
William H. McNeill

IN THE LATTER part of the nineteenth century, east coast city dwellers in the United States had difficulty repressing a sense of their own persistent cultural inferiority vis-à-vis London and Paris. At the same time a great many old-stock Americans were dismayed by the stream of immigrants coming to these shores whose diversity called the future cohesion of the Republic into question almost as seriously as the issue of slavery had done in the decades before the Civil War. In such a climate of opinion, the unabashed provinciality of Frederick Jackson Turner's (1861-1932) paper "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," delivered at a meeting of the newly founded American Historical Association in connection with the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago (1892), began within less than a decade to resound like a trumpet call, though whether it signalled advance or retreat remained profoundly ambiguous....


Author(s):  
W. W. Rostow

I have tried in this book to summarize where the world economy has come from in the past three centuries and to set out the core of the agenda that lies before us as we face the century ahead. This century, for the first time since the mid-18th century, will come to be dominated by stagnant or falling populations. The conclusions at which I have arrived can usefully be divided in two parts: one relates to what can be called the political economy of the 21st century; the other relates to the links between the problem of the United States playing steadily the role of critical margin on the world scene and moving at home toward a solution to the multiple facets of the urban problem. As for the political economy of the 21st century, the following points relate both to U.S. domestic policy and U.S. policy within the OECD, APEC, OAS, and other relevant international organizations. There is a good chance that the economic rise of China and Asia as well as Latin America, plus the convergence of economic stagnation and population increase in Africa, will raise for a time the relative prices of food and industrial materials, as well as lead to an increase in expen ditures in support of the environment. This should occur in the early part of the next century, If corrective action is taken in the private markets and the political process, these strains on the supply side should diminish with the passage of time, the advance of science and innovation, and the progressively reduced rate of population increase. The government, the universities, the private sector, and the professions might soon place on their common agenda the delicate balance of maintaining full employment with stagnant or falling populations. The existing literature, which largely stems from the 1930s, is quite illuminating but inadequate. And the experience with stagnant or falling population in the the world economy during post-Industrial Revolution times is extremely limited. This is a subject best approached in the United States on a bipartisan basis, abroad as an international problem. It is much too serious to be dealt with, as it is at present, as a domestic political football.


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