scholarly journals Soviet Employers in the ILO: The Experience of the 1930's

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Windmuller
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communist Countries

Since 1954 no question has so well succeeded in exacerbating the once rather staid proceedings of the International Labor Conference of the International Labor Organization as the problem of the status and rights of employer delegates from those countries which may be designated as “the states with fully socialized economies”. While David A. Morse, Director-General of the International Labor Office, was certainly correct in pointing out that “The ILO has always been confronted with political issues of one kind or another and [that] many of them have related to the representation of employers and workers within the Organization”, there is hardly any parallel in the history of the International Labor Organization for the fury of the debate over employer delegates from Communist countries which was unleashed when the Soviet Union rejoined the ILO in 1954.

International Labor Organization

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-551
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Director General ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Selection Committee ◽  
International Labor

International Labor ConferenceThe 38th session of the Conference of the International Labor Organization (ILOs) was held in Geneva from June 1 to 23, 1955, under the presidency of Mr. García Odini (Chile). The Conference had before it the annual report of the Director-General (Morse), the main theme of which was labor-management relations in the developing industrial society. After the selection committee had submitted its proposals on the composition of committees, a spokesman for the employers' delegations of Albania, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, the Ukraine, and the Soviet Union stated that the majority of the employers' group had discriminated against them and violated their rights as delegates by not including them in the lists of prospective members of committees which the employers' group had furnished the selection committee. On the request of the spokesman, a vote was taken on the lists in question; the lists were adopted by votes ranging from 124 to 139 in favor, 26 to 31 opposed, and 25 to 37 abstentions. It was later proposed by the selection committee that the eight employers' delegates who had not been chosen to sit on committees be given seats as deputy members. However, Mr. Chajn (government delegate, Poland) moved that the selection committee's proposals be amended so as to give the delegates seats as full members. Mr. McGrath (employers' delegate, United States) stated “…that no member of the United States Employers' delegation would sit on any committee with a so-called Employers' delegate or adviser from an Iron Curtain country.

International Labor Organization

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-636
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Director General ◽  
Occupational Health Services ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
International Labor

The Governing Body of the International Labor Organization (ILO) held its 132d session in Geneva from June 1–2 and on July 29, 1956 under the chairmanship of Mr. A. H. Brown (Canada). After a discussion the Governing Body requested the Director-General to submit law and practice reports to the 133d session on the following subjects: 1) conditions of work of fishermen; 2) organization of occupational health services in places of employment; and 3) collaboration between public authorities and employers' and workers' organizations at industrial and national levels. In addition, the 133d session was asked to consider as a law and practice report a report on hours of work which had already been submitted along with the conclusions of a special committee and additional information which the Office had available. The Director-General was also requested to prepare a report on technical assistance. The conclusions of the nineteenth report of the Committee on Freedom of Association and certain proposals to facilitate committee procedure were adopted. A reservation to these proposals was made by the delegate from the Soviet Union who felt they would result in slowing further the Committee's already cumbersome working methods.

The Ussr and Ilo

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Karan Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
International Labor

In 1954, just twenty years after first becoming a member, the Soviet Union rejoined the International Labor Organization (ILO). This step was a sharp reversal of the USSR's past policy. The Soviet Union had boycotted ILO since 1937, three years before its initial membership was terminated as a consequence of its expulsion from the League of Nations, and during much of this time it conducted a bitter attack against the agency. The Soviet Union's re-entry may also have marked a turning point for the International Labor Organization. One of the oldest specialized agencies, ILO had developed a tradition of technical work for which it had won wide renown. Some feared that the Soviet Union's re-entry was likely to upset this tradition; others felt that the Organization's wider and more nearly universal membership would provide new strength and vitality. Although the full implications of the USSR's resumed membership in ILO cannot yet be seen, sufficient time has elapsed to warrant a critical examination of Soviet policy in this specialized agency and of the reactions of other states. Perhaps clues can be seen to the motivations for the shift in the USSR's attitude, preliminary estimates made of the success of Soviet policies, and tentative judgments offered about the over-all effects on ILO.

Cold War consumption and the marketing of childhood in the Soviet Union and the United States, 1950-1960

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Discourse ◽  
The Cold War

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationship between childhood, consumption and the Cold War in 1950s America and the Soviet Union. The author argues that Soviet and American leaders, businessmen, and politicians worked hard to convince parents that buying things for their children offered the easiest way to raise good American and Soviet kids and to do their part in waging the economic battles of the Cold War. The author explores how consumption became a Cold War battleground in the late 1950s and suggests that the history of childhood and Cold War consumption alters the way we understand the conflict itself. Design/Methodology/Approach – Archival research in the USA and the Russian Federation along with close readings of Soviet and American advertisements offer sources for understanding the global discourse of consumption in the 1950s and 1960s. Findings – Leaders, advertisers, and propagandists in the Soviet Union and the USA used the same images in the same ways to sell the ethos of consumption to their populations. They did this to sell the Cold War, to bolster the status quo, and to make profits. Originality/Value – This paper offers a previously unexplored, transnational perspective on the role that consumption and the image of the child played in shaping the Cold War both domestically and abroad.

International Labor Organization

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-577
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
International Labor ◽  
General Note ◽  
Preliminary Consideration

The 125th session of the Governing Body of the International Labor Organization was held in Geneva on May 28 and 29, 1954, with Mr. A. M. Malik (Pakistan) presiding. Preliminary consideration was given to the agenda for the 39th session of the ILO Conference (1956), which, it was decided, would be comprised of the Director-Generals report, financial and budgetary questions, and information on the application of Conventions and Recommendations, The Director-General was requested to submit to the November session of the Governing Body reports dealing with the national law and practices of member states in the fields of (1) weekly rest in commerce and offices, (2) living and working conditions of indigenous populations in independent countries, and (3) forced labor. He was also requested to provide a general note on the conditions of plantation workers and on discrimination in the field of employment and occupation.

Efforts to Improve International Migration Statistics: A Historical Perspective

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Percy Kraly ◽  
K.S. Gnanasekaran
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Labor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Statistical Systems

During the past decade the international statistical community has made several efforts to develop standards for the definition, collection and publication of statistics on international migration. This article surveys the history of official initiatives to standardize international migration statistics by reviewing the recommendations of the ISI, International Labor Organization and the United Nations and reports a recently proposed agenda for moving toward comparability among national statistical systems.

International Labor Organization

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Conference Committee

Governing BodyThe Governing Body of the International Labor Organization held its 127th session in Rome from November 16 through 19, 1954, under the chairmanship of Mr. R. Ago (Italy). After deciding that the 39th session of the ILO Conference should open in Geneva on June 6, 1956, and noting that, in addition to the regular agenda items, the questions of vocational training in agriculture and welfare facilities for workers were likely to be carried over from the 38th session, the Governing Body considered several reports put before it by the Director-General (Morse) relating to possible further agenda items for the 39th session of the Conference. A study on discrimination in the field of employment and occupation, and a note setting forth certain questions relating to conditions of plantation workers were also discussed. The Governing Body decided to add to the agenda of the 39th session three new items of 1) forced labor, 2) weekly rest in commerce and offices, and 3) living and working conditions of indigenous populations in independent countries. The Governing Body's Committee on Standing Orders and the Application of Conventions and Recommendations was instructed to give further consideration to various points relating to the organization of the work of the ILO Conference, and particularly to arrangements for discussion of the Director-General's report and the work of the Conference committee on the application of conventions and recommendations.

International Labor Organization

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-602
Keyword(s):  
Full Employment ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Wage Increases

The primary emphasis of the report of the Director-General of the International Labor Organization to the thirty-fourth session of the Conference was the issue of wage policy in conditions of full employment. The Conference debate on this question, stimulated by the report Mr. Morse hoped, would help ILO member countries to arrive at wage-price policies “designed to promote the best interests both of workers and of the community as a whole, in conditions of full employment and scarcity of labor.” The problem of wage determination had been receiving renewed public attention, mainly owing to the desire to include restraint of wage increases in a program designed to minimize the possible inflationary effects of full employment, economic development and rearmament. There existed also a belief that adjustments in the wage structures of most countries were needed to provide increased incentives for workers to acquire skill, to work harder and to man the essential industries where labor was particularly scarce.

History of the International Labor Organization.

ILR Review ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Walter Galenson ◽  
Anthony Alcock
Keyword(s):  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor ◽  
History Of

The Preparation of International Labor Conventions

1934 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
International Labor ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Labor Movement

There is virtual silence in the history of the international labor movement on the technique of preparing international labor conventions both before and at the Peace Conference. The developments of the last fourteen years in this field must, therefore, be listed as an unexpected evolution in international coöperation. It should have been easy to see at the end of the first International Labor Conference in 1919 that the methods of preparation were defective. That the Organizing Committee of 1919 should not have had adequate information on world labor conditions is understandable; but what is not understandable is that there was scarcely any consciousness of the magnitude of the problem before the International Labor Organization in drafting suitable labor conventions.

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