scholarly journals Citizenship in Chinese and Global History Before and After the 1890s

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
R. Bin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
European History ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Global History ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Persuasive Arguments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Institutional Foundations

AbstractMaarten Prak's Citizens without Nations merits praise for what he has added to our understanding of early modern and modern European history. He presents persuasive arguments and evidence for how variations among early modern European cities and their citizens together with subsequent variations among relations between cities and state shaped the modern relations between European national states and their citizens. Prak also extends the concept of citizenship to China and the Ottoman Empire where neither the ideological, nor the institutional features of European citizenship existed by discussing Chinese and Ottoman urban social, economic, and political practices that in early modern Europe relate to citizenship. Such a move makes invisible the early modern ideological and institutional foundations of the Chinese and Ottoman practices he recounts. It additionally creates the problem of determining how, if at all, what he calls Chinese and Ottoman citizenship mattered to nineteenth-century Chinese and Ottoman subjects as they encountered for the first time Western notions of citizenship. In order to write global history, we need more studies of Chinese, Ottoman, and other histories, which explain the changing political architecture of relations between people and those who ruled them to complement what Maarten Prak's fine study of citizens without nations gives us for European history.

scholarly journals Early Modern Europe: Beyond the Strictures of Modernization and National Historiography

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Duindam
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Political History ◽  
European History ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Global History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
National Orientation

This paper examines the particulars of ‘early modern’ as well as ‘European’ political history in terms of chronological and spatial divides. Most political historians of early modern Europe and its component states are far removed from classic teleological approaches based on national state formation and modernization. On the whole, however, a pragmatic national orientation of research based on the proximity of sources and the language capabilities of researchers remains strong, even if it is combined with transnational conceptual gestures. Moreover, the demands of specialized historical research lead to concentration on relatively brief periods: only rarely do we find research reaching from the sixteenth into the eighteenth century. In consequence, while well-worn conventional divides in time as well as in space have few staunch advocates, they tenaciously remain in place. The political history of European states, full of untested reputations, needs a comparative perspective. This will work only if it is based on symmetrical comparison and analysis of primary sources: comparison founded on secondary literature threatens to reinforce national clichés. European history, finally, finds its place only in contrast with other variants of global history. A global comparative perspective presents daunting challenges for researchers, but it is an inevitable and necessary component of the reassessment of European history, modernization, and period labels.

The mobility transition revisited, 1500–1900: what the case of Europe can offer to global history

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lucassen ◽  
Leo Lucassen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Global History ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Divergence

AbstractHistorians of migration have increasingly criticized the idea of a ‘mobility transition’, which assumed that pre-modern societies in Europe were geographically fairly immobile, and that people only started to move in unprecedented ways with the onset of modernization in the nineteenth century. In line with this critique, this article attempts to apply thorough quantitative tests to the available data. The focus is on ‘cross-community migration’, following Patrick Manning's argument that migrants moving over a cultural border are most likely to accelerate the rate of innovation. Six forms of migration are considered: emigration out of Europe, immigration from other continents, rural colonization of ‘empty spaces’, movements to large cities, seasonal migration, and the movement of sailors and soldiers. To illustrate regional variations, the examples of the Netherlands and Russia are contrasted. The reconstruction presented here is partial and preliminary, but it unequivocally shows that early modern Europe was much more mobile than modernization scholars allowed for. There was indeed a sharp increase in the level of migration after 1850, but it was due to improvements in transport rather than to modernization in a more general sense. This model has been elaborated for Europe but it can also be applied to other parts of the world and can hopefully contribute to the debate on the ‘Great Divergence’ between Europe and Asia.

Ritual and Popular Religion in Catholic Germany at the Time of the Reformation

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Scribner
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Folk Religion ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Modern Germany ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject

‘Popular religion’ has of late been a much-discussed subject among historians of early modern Europe. Most of the best work has been on France, by French and North American scholars, while for Germany the subject is virtually ignored. Oddly enough, serious scholarship on ‘popular’ or ‘folk’ religion began in Germany at the opening of this century, and by the 1920s a major new field of historical enquiry had been established under the banner ofreligiöse Volkskunde.However, historians left the study of German popular religion to folklorists, a tendency perhaps reinforced by the rather dubious reputation the discipline ofVolkskundeacquired under the Nazi regime. Both before and after 1945, folklore scholars have contributed numerous important studies of popular religion in early modern Germany, but historians have been reluctant to follow in their footsteps. Some of this reluctance may be explained by the absence of precise definition as to what is meant by ‘popular religion’. It is often defined through the use of polar opposites, in terms such as ‘official’ and ‘popular’ religion. The former is institutional religion, the latter that which deviates from institutional norms. Another definition invokes an opposition between theory and practice.

Bibles in the Hands of Readers: Dutch, English, French, and Italian Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Thomas Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Biblical Texts

Abstract Vernacular Bibles and biblical texts were among the most circulated and most read books in late medieval and early modern Europe, both in manuscript and print. Vernacular scripture circulated throughout Europe in different ways and to different extents before and after the Reformation. In spite of the differences in language, centers of publication, and confessional orientation, there was nonetheless considerable collaboration and common ground. This collection of essays explores the readership of Dutch, English, French, and Italian biblical and devotional texts, focusing in particular on the relationships between the texts and paratexts of biblical texts, the records of ownership, and the marks and annotations of biblical readers. Evidence from early modern biblical texts and their users of all sorts – scholars, clerics, priests, laborers, artisans, and anonymous men and women, Protestant and Catholic – sheds light on how owners and readers used the biblical text.

Review of periodical articles: 1500–1800

Urban History ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jenner
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban History ◽  
European History ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Periodical Literature ◽  
Central European ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Definition Of

Why 1500? Why 1800? Why does Urban History's review of periodical literature use this definition of the early modern? Does urban history have a periodization of its own? The reluctance of historians to stray before and after 1800 is a major theme of C.R. Friedrichs's review of early modern German urban history, ‘But are we any closer to home? Early modern German urban history since German Home Towns’, Central European History, 30 (1998), 163–86, and I wondered about these issues while reading some of the articles published this year which did not stop and surrender their historical passports at 1500.

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