ICRC President in the Middle East

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (278) ◽  
pp. 437-438
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Gulf Crisis ◽  
High Level

ICRC President Cornelio Sommaruga, accompanied by Mr. Angelo Gnaedinger, the Delegate General for the Middle East, was in the Middle East from 3 to 7 September 1990 for high-level talks with the Jordanian, Iraqi and Iranian authorities concerning the Gulf crisis. To quote President Sommaruga, the purpose of this mission was to achieve a “comprehensive humanitarian mobilization”. The mission itself was in keeping with the ICRC's mandate to act in the event of international armed conflict on the basis of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the institution's statutory right of initiative. It had four main objectives:• to provide protection and assistance, in both Iraq and Kuwait, to the various categories of civilians affected by the events;• to improve co-ordination and step up the ICRC's operation in Jordan in behalf of foreigners transiting through the country;• to examine possibilities of assisting foreign nationals crossing other borders (particularly into Iran);• to review the current situation with regard to the repatriation of Iraqi and Iranian prisoners of war.

Outline of legal aspects of the conflict in the Middle East

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (280) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Security Council Resolution ◽  
Military Action ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Middle East Conflict

The Middle East conflict is beyond any doubt an international armed conflict as defined in Article 2 common to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949.The fact that military action has been authorized by security council resolution 678 does not affect this definition or the application of the laws of armed conflict.

SOME RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE MEDICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL POSTISOLATIONAL ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT OF SERVICEMEN, THAT ENDURED TORTURE IN THE COURSE OF IMPRISIONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
J. Shyrobokov ◽  
O. Timchenko ◽  
K. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aggressive Reactions

The issue of medical-psychological assistance and support to individuals, that have been imprisoned and/ortortured is an up-to-date issue for many countries in the world. In accordance with the data provided by AmnestyInternational people are undergoing torture and cruel treatment at least in 140 countries of the world.In 2014 this issue has become extremely urgent, due to the fact that the armed conflict within a country alwaysnegatively influences the adherence of human rights. The definition of captivity has been actualized in 2014, in thecourse of the Maidan protests and received its continuity as a result of the situation that occurred in Crimea andthe East of the Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Tortures and cruel treatment are prohibited by international law.There’s an international consensus with regard to the fact that such abuses violate the dignity of a human beingand cannot be justified by any circumstances. But, most unfortunately the realities of today and the conduct ofcombat activities in the East of Ukraine force us to make conclusions about the non-adherence of the aggressorstateto the Geneva conventions and the humane treatment of prisoners of war. Thus, the attention of scientistshas been directed solely at solving these issues and providing certain recommendation concerning the medicalpsychologicalpost-isolation assistance and support to military personnel, who have endured torture in captivity.The material of the article is based on conducted empirical research and the experience of providing psychologicalassistance to the prisoners of war in the course of the post-isolation period.The overall amount of prisoners of war that have participated in the research are 694, who have beendeliberated from captivity in the course of the years 2015-2019. From the general amount of people under research(n=694), 643 individuals (92,7%) – are military men of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and 51 individual (7,3%) – arethe combatants of volunteer battalions (representatives of volunteer battalions).The articles presents the peculiarities of psychological work with former prisoners, the peculiarities of everystage of providing psychological assistance to military men has been scrutinized. There’s also the presentedanalyses of negative psychological implications of being held in captivity, among which the sense of guilt andshame, the control of ones’ emotions, avoiding communication and isolation, misfortunes in terms of marriage andfamily relations, aggressive reactions and the yearning for vengeance.

Africa—Asia—Latin America—Middle East

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (265) ◽  
pp. 390-395
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Ethiopian Government

At the beginning of June the ICRC was compelled to put an end to its protection and assistance operations in aid of the victims of drought and conflict in the provinces of Eritrea, Tigray, Gondar and Wollo. In the interest of these victims, the ICRC sought agreement from the donor governments to transfer its foodstocks and logistic means in Ethiopia to other organizations. This was done after the Ethiopian authorities had confirmed the decisions conveyed to the ICRC in April and May and forced the ICRC to withdraw all its expatriate staff involved in the assistance operation. The ICRC nevertheless maintained a presence in Ethiopia to continue its activities on behalf of Somali prisoners of war. This aspect of its work, which falls within the Geneva Conventions, had not been called in question by the Ethiopian Government.

Application in the Middle East of the 1949 Geneva Conventions

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (155) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Geneva Conventions

On 21 January 1974, the International Committee of the Red Cross issued the following appeal to the 135 States parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949:On the resumption of hostilities in the Middle East, the ICRC renewed its offer of services to the States concerned, with a view to the discharge of all the duties assigned it under the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949. In so far as permitted by the competent authorities, it has been able to acquit itself of part of its mandate: several thousand prisoners of war have been visited and repatriated; casualties have been cared for; and civilian victims have been given assistance.

The International Committee of the Red Cross and the implementation of a system to repress breaches of international humanitarian law

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (300) ◽  
pp. 240-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Dutli ◽  
Cristina Pellandini
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Geneva Conventions

The fundamental instruments of international humanitarian law are well known. They are principally the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977, as well as an extensive framework of customary law. These instruments deal with issues of vital importance in times of armed conflict including protection of the wounded, sick and shipwrecked, prisoners of war and civilian internees, as well as the protection of the civilian population as a whole.

scholarly journals GELOMBANG REVOLUSI DAN TRANSISI POLITIK DI TIMUR TENGAH DAN AFRIKA UTARA*

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khamami Zada
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Key Words ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Level

Abstract: Revolutionary Waves and Political Transition in Middle East and North Africa. Political transition in Tunisia has greatly influenced to neighboring countries, especially Egypt. Libya and Yemen have been disturbed by the government’s opposition. Political transition in Middle East is a fruit of authoritarian in which has been taking place since years ago. In addition, the high level of poverty gives effect to the transition process. Political transition in Tunisia and Egypt was happened in a peaceful way, marked by the resignation of Zain al-Din Ben Ali and Husni Mubarak. On the other hand, the armed conflict has been occurred in Libya and Yaman, heading the government’s loyalties and the opposition groups.  After the fall of Ben Ali and Husni Mubarak, it exist the struggle between radical groups and liberal ones in competing optical power. Key Words: political transition, revolution, Islamism, radicalism and liberalism Abstrak: Gelombang Revolusi dan Transisi Politik di Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara. Efek domino transisi politik di Tunisia menjalar ke negara-negara tetangganya, terutama Mesir. Libya dan Yaman pun sedang menghadapi tuntutan mundur dari kelompok oposisi. Transisi politik di Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara merupakan akibat dari otoritarianisme yang berlangsung lama dan tingginya kemiskinan. Transisi politik yang terjadi di Tunisia dan Mesir berlangsung dengan pola damai dengan mundurnya Zain al-Din Ben Ali dan Hosni Mubarak. Di tempat lain, Libya dan Yaman juga berlangsung konflik bersenjata antara kelompok yang setia terhadap pemerintah dan kelompok oposisi. Paska Ben Ali di Tunisia dan Mubarak di Mesir terjadi pertarungan antara kelompok Islamisme, radikalisme dan liberalisme dalam memperebutkan sumber politik kekuasaan dan kultural. Kata Kunci: transisi politik, revolusi, Islamisme, radikalisme, liberalisme   DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.224

Thresholds in Flux—the Standard for Ascertaining the Requirement of Organization for Armed Groups under International Humanitarian Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Arai-Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Threshold Condition ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
International Criminal Tribunals

Abstract The requirement of organization is supposed to be of special importance in international humanitarian law (IHL). In the situation of international armed conflict (IAC), this requirement is implicit as part of the collective conditions to be fulfilled by irregular/independent armed groups to enable their members to claim the prisoners of war status under Article 4 A(2) of the Third Geneva Convention. In a non-international armed conflict (NIAC), the eponymous requirement serves, alongside the requirement of intensity of violence, as the threshold condition for ascertaining the onset of a NIAC. While the requirement of organization has not caused much of disputes in IACs, the international criminal tribunals have shown a willingness to examine scrupulously if armed groups in NIACs are sufficiently organized. Still, this article argues that there is need for a nuanced assessment of the organizational level of an armed group in some specific phases of the ongoing armed conflict whose legal character switches (from an NIAC to an IAC, vice-versa, and from a NIAC to a law-enforcement model). It explores what rationales and argumentative model may be adduced to explain such varying standards for organization in different contexts.

The identification of medical aircraft in periods of armed conflict

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (229) ◽  
pp. 202-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Eberlin
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Second World ◽  
Visual Range

Since the end of the Second World War, technological developments in armaments have produced increasingly sophisticated weapons. The most dangerous of these for air transports protected by the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 are remote controlled missiles equipped with homing devices, the operating raduis of which exceeds the visual range of the protective emblems recognized by these Conventions and carried by medical aircraft. The visual range of the emblem is frequently much less than 1,000 metres.

Repatriation of Prisoners of War in the Middle East

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (160) ◽  
pp. 355-363
Author(s):  
A. M. ◽  
F. B.
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Swiss Government

At the request of the Israel and Syrian Governments, the ICRC, on 1 and 6 June 1974, repatriated wounded and able-bodied prisoners of war of both countries. The Swiss Government made three aircraft available for the operations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document