SOME RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE MEDICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL POSTISOLATIONAL ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT OF SERVICEMEN, THAT ENDURED TORTURE IN THE COURSE OF IMPRISIONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
J. Shyrobokov ◽  
O. Timchenko ◽  
K. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aggressive Reactions

The issue of medical-psychological assistance and support to individuals, that have been imprisoned and/ortortured is an up-to-date issue for many countries in the world. In accordance with the data provided by AmnestyInternational people are undergoing torture and cruel treatment at least in 140 countries of the world.In 2014 this issue has become extremely urgent, due to the fact that the armed conflict within a country alwaysnegatively influences the adherence of human rights. The definition of captivity has been actualized in 2014, in thecourse of the Maidan protests and received its continuity as a result of the situation that occurred in Crimea andthe East of the Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Tortures and cruel treatment are prohibited by international law.There’s an international consensus with regard to the fact that such abuses violate the dignity of a human beingand cannot be justified by any circumstances. But, most unfortunately the realities of today and the conduct ofcombat activities in the East of Ukraine force us to make conclusions about the non-adherence of the aggressorstateto the Geneva conventions and the humane treatment of prisoners of war. Thus, the attention of scientistshas been directed solely at solving these issues and providing certain recommendation concerning the medicalpsychologicalpost-isolation assistance and support to military personnel, who have endured torture in captivity.The material of the article is based on conducted empirical research and the experience of providing psychologicalassistance to the prisoners of war in the course of the post-isolation period.The overall amount of prisoners of war that have participated in the research are 694, who have beendeliberated from captivity in the course of the years 2015-2019. From the general amount of people under research(n=694), 643 individuals (92,7%) – are military men of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and 51 individual (7,3%) – arethe combatants of volunteer battalions (representatives of volunteer battalions).The articles presents the peculiarities of psychological work with former prisoners, the peculiarities of everystage of providing psychological assistance to military men has been scrutinized. There’s also the presentedanalyses of negative psychological implications of being held in captivity, among which the sense of guilt andshame, the control of ones’ emotions, avoiding communication and isolation, misfortunes in terms of marriage andfamily relations, aggressive reactions and the yearning for vengeance.

ICRC surgical activities

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (284) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
Rémi Russbach ◽  
Robin Charles Gray ◽  
Robin Michael Coupland
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
Geneva Conventions

The surgical activities of the International Committee of the Red Cross stem from the institution's general mandate to protect and assist the victims of armed conflict.The war wounded are thus only one category of the victims included in the ICRC's terms of reference.The ICRC's main role in relation to the war wounded is not to treat them, for this is primarily the responsibility of the governments involved in the conflict and hence their army medical services. The task of the ICRC is first and foremost to ensure that the belligerents are familiar with the provisions of the Geneva Conventions and apply them, that is, care for members of the enemy armed forces as well as their own and afford medical establishments and personnel the protection to which they are entitled.

International Committee for the Red Cross: Status of Four Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols I and II

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-560
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Geneva Conventions

The four 1949 Geneva Conventions (for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field, for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea, relative to the treatment of prisoners of war, and relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war) can be found at 6 UST 3114, 3217, 3316, 3516 and 75 UNTS 31, 85, 135, 287. The two 1977 Protocols (I – relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts and II – relating to the protection of victims of noninternational armed conflicts) appear respectively at 16 I.L.M. 1391 and 1442 (1977).

Common Article 1: A Minimum Yardstick for Regulating Private Military and Security Companies

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANNAH TONKIN
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Military Policy ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Security Companies

AbstractTens of thousands of contractors work for private military and security companies (PMSCs) during armed conflict and occupation, often hired by states to perform activities that were once the exclusive domain of the armed forces. Many of the obligations and standards that guide states in regulating their armed forces are lacking in relation to PMSCs, raising concerns that states might simply outsource their military policy to PMSCs without taking adequate measures to promote compliance with international humanitarian law (IHL). This article argues that the universally applicable obligation ‘to ensure respect’ for IHL in Common Article 1 of the Geneva Conventions can provide a key mechanism for addressing these concerns.

Trapped in Captivity: Marital Perceptions of Wives of Former Prisoners of War

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Dekel ◽  
Hadass Goldblatt ◽  
Zahava Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
In Captivity

International Armed Forces and the Rules of War

1951 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Taubenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Occupied Territory

There is general international acceptance at the present time of many limitations placed on the conduct of the forces of states engaged in armed conflict. It is generally agreed, for example, that prisoners of war must be treated humanely; that wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces must receive special attention; and that the position of noncombatants and persons in occupied territory must be safeguarded. Limitations on the use of gases and submarines, among others, have been widely accepted. The rules are recognized as binding even in the event of an illegal war and are accepted, at least to some extent, even by nations and groups not parties to the treaties and conventions which have sought to set forth general limitations.

ICRC President in the Middle East

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (278) ◽  
pp. 437-438
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Gulf Crisis ◽  
High Level

ICRC President Cornelio Sommaruga, accompanied by Mr. Angelo Gnaedinger, the Delegate General for the Middle East, was in the Middle East from 3 to 7 September 1990 for high-level talks with the Jordanian, Iraqi and Iranian authorities concerning the Gulf crisis. To quote President Sommaruga, the purpose of this mission was to achieve a “comprehensive humanitarian mobilization”. The mission itself was in keeping with the ICRC's mandate to act in the event of international armed conflict on the basis of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the institution's statutory right of initiative. It had four main objectives:• to provide protection and assistance, in both Iraq and Kuwait, to the various categories of civilians affected by the events;• to improve co-ordination and step up the ICRC's operation in Jordan in behalf of foreigners transiting through the country;• to examine possibilities of assisting foreign nationals crossing other borders (particularly into Iran);• to review the current situation with regard to the repatriation of Iraqi and Iranian prisoners of war.

scholarly journals A ‘Most Astonishing’ Circumstance: The Survival of Jewish POWs in German War Captivity During the Second World War

2020 ◽  
pp. 096466392094646
Author(s):  
Johanna Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
Western Front ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Second World

During the Second World War, more than 60,000 Jewish members of the American, British and French armed forces became prisoners of war in Germany. Against all expectations, these prisoners were treated in accordance with the 1929 Geneva Convention, and the majority made it home alive. This article seeks to explain this most astonishing circumstance. It begins by collating the references to the experiences of Western Jewish POWs from the historical literature to provide a hitherto-unseen overview of their treatment in captivity. It then asks what made their protection from persecution possible. To this end, it explores Germany’s wider motivations for its selective application of the Geneva Convention and highlights the role that military identity played in making its application seem necessary for all POWs from the Western front, including Jewish POWs.

The International Committee of the Red Cross and the implementation of a system to repress breaches of international humanitarian law

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (300) ◽  
pp. 240-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Dutli ◽  
Cristina Pellandini
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Geneva Conventions

The fundamental instruments of international humanitarian law are well known. They are principally the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977, as well as an extensive framework of customary law. These instruments deal with issues of vital importance in times of armed conflict including protection of the wounded, sick and shipwrecked, prisoners of war and civilian internees, as well as the protection of the civilian population as a whole.

Fighting by the rules: Instructing the armed forces in humanitarian law

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (269) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise J. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
The Body ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
The Hague

It is commonly accepted that education in human rights may be one of the most effective tools in promoting the observance of those rights. Those whose profession entails the exercise of power over others have an obvious need to know the limits of their power and members of the armed forces represent just such a group. Their acts engage the responsibility of their State under human rights treaties, wherever those acts are committed. Some instruction in human rights law, particularly non-derogable rights, is therefore necessary but the body of rules which imposes the greatest prohibitions and restraints on the conduct of armed forces is humanitarian law. That term is used here as including both “The Hague law”, which imposes limits on the means and methods of warfare, and “Geneva law”, which seeks to protect certain victims of the conflict, such as the wounded and sick in the field, the wounded, sick and shipwrecked at sea, prisoners of war and civilians living under belligerent occupation. The latter body of rules was updated in 1977 by the addition of two Protocols which extended the range of protection by incorporating elements of “The Hague law”. The 1949 Geneva Conventions have been ratified by 166 States and Hague Convention IV, with which we shall principally be dealing, was held by the Nuremberg Tribunal to represent customary international law. To all intents and purposes then, every State is bound by the two bodies of rules. In addition, the 1977 Protocols are binding on those States which have ratified them.

Naxalite Rebellion: Disenfranchisement, Ideology and Recognition of a Non International Armed Conflict

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zia Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The North ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Special Power ◽  
The Government

The military conflict within India’s borders whose origins are in the marginalisation of tribal peoples involves the government forces and the Naxalite rebels. This conflict has become more intense in the last decade with land being acquired to enable corporations to mine resources and the lack of redress for the Adivasi, who are the indigenous people who inhabit these territories. The alienation of the rural communities and tribes from the north eastern states, which are located on the ‘red corridor’ is because the government has failed to implement protection for Scheduled Tribes who carry a protected status in the Indian constitution. The Naxalite movement has launched a violent struggle which has led to an emergency declared under Article 355, and there has been an incremental increase in the rate of fatalities. The failure of public interest litigation and the enforcement of the Armed Forces Special Power Act (afsa) means that the domestic remedies for empowerment are not successful. The breach of human rights has to be assessed against the insurgency of the Naxalite guerillas and the Geneva Conventions that are applicable under the Non International Armed Conflict (niac). This paper will assess the rural origins of the conflict, environmental damage and the litigation by the Adivasi communities before addressing the rules under which the protections are available in the international humanitarian law. This will argue for the strict implementation of the Geneva Conventions and for niac to be liable for intervention as an International Armed Conflict (iac).

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