AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA: NEW DIRECTIONS OF STUDY Rethinking the African Diaspora: The Making of a Black Atlantic World in the Bight of Benin and Brazil. Edited by KRISTIN MANN and EDNA G. BAY. London: Frank Cass, 2001. Pp. 160. $64.50 (ISBN 0-7146-5129-X); $26.50, paperback (ISBN 0-7146-8158-X). The African Diaspora: African Origins and New World Identities. Edited by ISIDORE OKPEWHO, CAROLE BOYCE DAVIES and ALI A. MAZRUI. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001. Pp. xxviii+566. $59.95 (ISBN 0-253-33425-X); $22.95, paperback (ISBN 0-253-21494-7).

RECENT studies addressing the ‘African diaspora’ have sought to provide global context for the experience of people of African descent. The two books under review – each a major contribution to studies of the African diaspora – provide an opportunity to take stock of the emerging genre of historical and cultural studies of which they are a part. The perspective of the African diaspora has the advantage of locating movements and connections of Africans around the world, and in so doing has the power to inform and sometimes surprise. From such a perspective, for instance, Alberto da Costa e Silva notes that during the 1860s a French bookseller in Rio de Janeiro sold a hundred copies of the Qur'an each year, mainly as clandestine sales to slaves and ex-slaves. This evidence confirms the continuing significance of Islam in Brazil, and raises the possibility that the religious practice was sustained through continuing contacts with West Africa. Over a century later, novelist Alice Walker launched a headline-grabbing campaign against female circumcision in Africa. As Joseph McLaren shows, Walker's campaign reflected not the shock of an African-American's initial encounter with the complex social practices of the African continent, but her considered judgment after decades of visits to East Africa. These examples suggest the range and interest of linkages across wide distances that may be elicited through studies of the African diaspora. They reflect the contributions of an academic enterprise that is apparently settling into a permanent place on the scholarly and curricular scene.