The Right to Vote in Nigeria: A Critical Commentary on the Open Ballot System

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epiphany Azinge

The right to vote in Nigeria has a rather chequered history. Universal adult suffrage became a reality in Nigeria in the 1979 elections when women in the North were allowed for the first time to participate in elections. Originally the right to vote was thought of as a direct consequence of property interests rather than adhering to the person as a political right. It was only gradually that the vote was altered from a property and income right to a political right.

1970 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Nawaf Kabbara

The Lebanese parliamentary election was a very decisive moment in the country’s history. As a result of this election, a new parliamentary majority and discourse dominated the political scene. The election was also peculiar concerning the disability cause in Lebanon. For the first time in the history of Lebanon’s elections, disability became an issue. In fact, the Lebanese disability movement succeeded in launching two different but complementary campaigns during the election. The first one was engineered by both the Lebanese Physical Handicapped Union and the Youth Blind Association. Under the title “Haqqi” or “My Right,” the campaign focused on the right of people with disability to practice one of their most important rights: the political right to vote.


Kosmik Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizkon Maulana ◽  
Indriati Amarini ◽  
Ika Ariani Kartini

The fulfillment of political rights for persons with mental disabilities in general elections has not been running as it should be. Pros and cons arise when collecting data on citizens who have the right to vote at the time of general elections. This research analyzes how the fulfillment of the political rights of persons with mental disabilities in legislation and the obstacles experienced in fulfilling the political rights of persons with mental disabilities. This research is a normative juridical study using secondary data as the main data, namely books, journals, research results, and legislation. Secondary data were analyzed normatively qualitative. The results showed that the political rights of persons with disabilities, including persons with mental disabilities, are a component of human rights that must be fulfilled in a democratic country. The fulfillment of the political rights of persons with disabilities is generally based on Law Number 8 of 2016, namely Article 13 which stipulates that persons with disabilities have the political right to vote and be elected in public office. These rights are important to be respected, protected and fulfilled in order to achieve justice for eliminating political discrimination against persons with disabilities. As for the obstacles experienced in fulfilling the political rights of persons with mental disabilities, namely the difficulty in conveying socialization materials to persons with mental disabilities and the level of voter participation among persons with mental disabilities is still low.Keywords: Political Rights, General Election, Mental Disability


2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lappin

AbstractThe right to vote is the most important political right in international human rights law. Framed within the broader right of political participation, it is the only right in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights not guaranteed as a universal human right but rather as a citizen's right. While limitations on the right to vote are permissible in respect of citizenship and age, residency-based restrictions are not explicitly provided. However, recent judgments of the European Court of Human Rights endorse a view that voting rights may be conditioned on residency on the grounds of an individual's bond to their country-of-origin and the extent to which laws passed by that government would affect them. This article questions this proposition and explores whether disenfranchisement based solely on residency constitutes an unreasonable and discriminatory restriction to the essence of the right.


Author(s):  
Yolanda Carmela Vaccaro Alexander

Los ciudadanos latinoamericanos que residen en España disfrutan de un marco legal diferenciado respecto de lo que atañe a los residentes procedentes de otras zonas en el marco de los lazos históricos y culturales que unen España y Latinoamérica reflejados en la legislación española. España mantiene suscritos convenios de Doble Nacionalidad con la mayor parte de países latinoamericanos. Y, desde 2009, ha suscrito tratados de reciprocidad en materia de sufragio en elecciones locales con diferentes países, la mayor parte de ellos latinoamericanos, tratados que permitieron que en las elecciones locales celebradas en España el 22 de mayo de 2011 los latinoamericanos concernidos pudieran ejercer el derecho al voto activo en España por primera vez sin necesidad de haberse acogido a los mencionados convenios de Doble Nacionalidad. La encuesta «Ciudadanía inmigrante», analizada en este artículo y realizada para la tesis doctoral «Derechos civiles y políticos de los residentes latinoamericanos en España. El derecho de sufragio», de la doctoranda autora de este artículo, da pautas sobre la percepción de los latinoamericanos residentes en España en torno a los derechos civiles y políticos y sobre su comportamiento respecto de los citados comicios de 2011.Latin American citizens residing in Spain enjoy a distinct legal framework compared to other foreign residents. That difference is based on the historical and cultural relations between Spain and Latin America. Spain has agreements on dual nationality with most Latin American countries. Starting in 2009 Spain has signed several reciprocity agreements about the right to vote in local elections with several countries, most of them in Latin America. On May 22, 2011 many Latin American citizens residing in Spain could exercise their right to vote in the Spanish local elections for the first time without having dual citizenship. The «Immigrant Citizenship» survey, analyzed in this article and developed for the doctoral thesis «Civil and Political Rights of Latin American Residents in Spain. The right to vote», provides guidance on the perception of Latin American living in Spain about civil and political rights and their behavior with respect to said elections.


2005 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Jiří Kovanda ◽  
Ivan Horáček ◽  
Radka Symonová

Due to a complete predominance of non-calcareous fluvial sediments in the Czech Republic, any find of fossil malacofauna is always considered as rare. The present work describes three localities in the Ohře river area, which contain, especially in the case of the Pátek locality, very abundant mid-Pleistocene malacofaunas. They were mainly collected in the floodplain fine-grained loam and back swamp deposits but also in sandy gravels. The molluscan thanatocenoses from localities near the Pátek village indicate the interglacial maximum (with up to 25 forest species s.l.), which developed directly on a 30 m thick river terrace dating back to the period, during which the Ohře river established its present-day easterly course. The fossil molluscs from the Levousy locality come from floodplain loam deposits as well as from the underlying sandy terrace gravels. The species distribution, nevertheless, indicates only a transitional glacial-interglacial period. The somewhat higher morphologic position of the locality, as well as that of another section at Chlumčany, and complete predominance of local late Cretaceous material indicates that the Ohře river did not flow to the east yet during the accumulation of the floodplain deposits with molluscs, but still to the north, towards Bílina. The terrestrial malacofauna from the Chlumčany section came from floodplain marls, particularly from sandy tufa deposits in the alluvium, which contains no forest-biotope elements, but the presence of the species Columella columella – distinct representative of our „coldest“ loess deposits – is an absolute surprise, since the peak of production of the sandy tufa deposits has always been associated with climate optima of the interglacials and of the Holocene.Therefore, the described malacofaunas come from a boundary period, during which the Ohře river did not use its present-day valley (Levousy and Clumčany) yet. Then, from the oldest time span, it took up for the first time its eastward course. Stratigraphy of the localities cannot be determined with a reasonable certainty in regard to the current controversial situation in Pleistocene chronology both in the northern foothills of the Alps and in the area of the „classic“ localities belonging to the continental ice-sheet region in northern Germany (Kovanda 2005a). Altogether 12 mid-Pleistocene species of small mammals were found in thanaotocoenoses at localities Pátek and Levousy. Ostracod assemblages analysis was also undertaken (11 species in 8 samples were determined)


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ursini ◽  
Emilio Russo ◽  
Christian Leporini ◽  
Marilena Calabria ◽  
Caterina Bruno ◽  
...  

Sporotrichosis is an infectious disease caused bySporothrix schenckii, a dimorphic fungus isolated for the first time in 1896 by Benjamin Schenck from a 36-year-old male patient presenting lesions on the right hand and arm. The infection generally occurs by traumatic inoculation of soil, plants, and organic matter contaminated with the fungus. Different clinical syndromes are described as a direct consequence ofS. schenckiiinfection, including lymphocutaneous and disseminated forms, although extracutaneous presentations are reported most frequently in AIDS patients. Here we describe the case of a 57-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed in 2004 with ankylosing spondylitis under stable treatment with adalimumab monotherapy (40 mg every other week). During a routine follow-up visit in March 2013, he presented with multiple nodular lesions arranged in a linear fashion along the left hand and forearm. After diagnostic aspiration of the lesions, lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis was diagnosed and appropriate therapy started.


2005 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Jiří Kovanda ◽  
Ivan Horáček ◽  
Radka Symonová

Due to a complete predominance of non-calcareous fluvial sediments in the Czech Republic, any find of fossil malacofauna is always considered as rare. The present work describes three localities in the Ohře river area, which contain, especially in the case of the Pátek locality, very abundant mid-Pleistocene malacofaunas. They were mainly collected in the floodplain fine-grained loam and back swamp deposits but also in sandy gravels. The molluscan thanatocenoses from localities near the Pátek village indicate the interglacial maximum (with up to 25 forest species s.l.), which developed directly on a 30 m thick river terrace dating back to the period, during which the Ohře river established its present-day easterly course. The fossil molluscs from the Levousy locality come from floodplain loam deposits as well as from the underlying sandy terrace gravels. The species distribution, nevertheless, indicates only a transitional glacial-interglacial period. The somewhat higher morphologic position of the locality, as well as that of another section at Chlumčany, and complete predominance of local late Cretaceous material indicates that the Ohře river did not flow to the east yet during the accumulation of the floodplain deposits with molluscs, but still to the north, towards Bílina. The terrestrial malacofauna from the Chlumčany section came from floodplain marls, particularly from sandy tufa deposits in the alluvium, which contains no forest-biotope elements, but the presence of the species Columella columella – distinct representative of our „coldest“ loess deposits – is an absolute surprise, since the peak of production of the sandy tufa deposits has always been associated with climate optima of the interglacials and of the Holocene.Therefore, the described malacofaunas come from a boundary period, during which the Ohře river did not use its present-day valley (Levousy and Clumčany) yet. Then, from the oldest time span, it took up for the first time its eastward course. Stratigraphy of the localities cannot be determined with a reasonable certainty in regard to the current controversial situation in Pleistocene chronology both in the northern foothills of the Alps and in the area of the „classic“ localities belonging to the continental ice-sheet region in northern Germany (Kovanda 2005a). Altogether 12 mid-Pleistocene species of small mammals were found in thanaotocoenoses at localities Pátek and Levousy. Ostracod assemblages analysis was also undertaken (11 species in 8 samples were determined)


2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Basuki Rahmat ◽  
Esther Esther

Act No. 10 of 2008 on general elections to mention that voters are those who are first time to vote and aged 17 years or older or are/have been married have the right to vote in elections (and election).Voters beginners who are just entering the age of suffrage also do not yet have broad political range, todetermine where they should vote. So, sometimes what they choose is not as expected.The reason this is causing voters are very prone to be influenced and approached the materialapproach to the political interests of parties politik. Ketidaktahuan in terms of practical politics,especially with the choices in elections or local elections, voters often do not make rational thought andmore thought­term interests short.New voters are often only used by political parties and politicians to serve political interests, forexample be used for fundraising period and the formation of the party underbow organization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-302
Author(s):  
Amir Ahmetović ◽  

Abstinence is a conscious and voluntary waiver of one original political right, the right to vote. Often, the very act of abstinence is understood as a kind of election, as an expression of disagreement with political alternatives, candidates and parties participating in the elections. Abstinence is close to the notion of apolitical, that is the disinterest and indifference of citizens, of individuals and groups to politics and participation in the political life of the community. The paper analyzes the difference between abstinence in elections and apoliticality and attempts to point to the problem of increasing abstinence from voting in general elections in post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Kimberly Farias Monteiro ◽  
Leilane Serratine Grubba

A luta das mulheres pela conquista de direitos, especialmente pelo direito civil e político ao voto, foi visível e teve nítido enfoque durante a denominada primeira onda do movimento feminista, que transcorreu pelos séculos XIX e XX. Muitos movimentos marcaram a reivindicação das mulheres pelo direito ao voto, em especial e como um dos mais marcantes, o movimento Sufragista. As Sufragistas, primeiras ativistas do feminismo no século XIX, passaram a ser conhecidas pela sociedade da época devido as suas fortes manifestações públicas em prol dos direitos políticos, com ênfase no direito ao voto. Esse cenário é retratado pelo filme As Sufragistas, estreado no ano de 2015, que relata a luta de mulheres pelo direito ao voto e o movimento sufragista liderado por Emmeline Pankhurst. O artigo problematiza o início da luta de gênero por direitos políticos, com ênfase nos estudos de Direito e Cinema. Dessa forma, a análise do resultado político na luta por direitos da primeira onda do movimento feminista pode ser exemplificado pelo filme As Sufragistas. O filme retrata as condições precárias da mulher no trabalho e sua submissão aos homens; mostra como o Direito e o Cinema podem relacionar-se com o intuito de explorar as realidades vivenciadas pelas mulheres em busca de seus direitos. Nesse sentido, o artigo objetiva, através da análise de cenas e linguagem do filme As Sufragistas, explorar a batalha das Sufragistas pela conquista do voto feminino e, consequentemente, demonstrar que, por meio do Cinema e através de suas imagens é possível retratar as realidades e, assim, as condições às quais as mulheres foram submetidas por longos anos. Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos. Direitos Políticos. Cinema. Feminismo.Abstract: Women’s struggle for rights, especially civil and political right to vote, had a clear focus during the first wave of the feminist movement that went through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Many movements marked the women’s claim to the right to vote, in particular and one of the most striking, the Sufragist movement. Sufragists, the first activists of feminism in the nineteenth century, came to be known by the society of the time due to its strong public manifestations for political rights, especially the right to vote. This scenario is portrayed by the film Suffragette, released in the year 2015, which relates the struggle of women for the right to vote and the suffragist movement led by Emmeline Pankhurst. The purpose of this article is to analyze the beginning of the gender struggle for political rights, with emphasis on Law and Cinema studies. In this way, the analysis of the political outcome in the struggle for rights of the first wave of the feminist movement can be exemplified by the film Suffragette. The film portrays the precarious conditions of women at work and their submission to men; Shows how law and cinema relate to the purpose of exploring the realities experienced by women in search of their rights. In this sense, the present article aims, trought the analysis of scenes and language of the film Suffragette, to explore the battle of Sufragists by the conquest of the feminine vote and, consequently, demonstrate trought the Cinema and trought images it is possible to portray the realities and thus the conditions to which women were submitted. Keywords: Cinema. Feminism. Human Rights. Political Rights.


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