scholarly journals A LUTA DAS MULHERES PELO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO NA PRIMEIRA ONDA DO FEMINISMO: DE SUFFRAGETTES ÀS SUFRAGISTAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Kimberly Farias Monteiro ◽  
Leilane Serratine Grubba

A luta das mulheres pela conquista de direitos, especialmente pelo direito civil e político ao voto, foi visível e teve nítido enfoque durante a denominada primeira onda do movimento feminista, que transcorreu pelos séculos XIX e XX. Muitos movimentos marcaram a reivindicação das mulheres pelo direito ao voto, em especial e como um dos mais marcantes, o movimento Sufragista. As Sufragistas, primeiras ativistas do feminismo no século XIX, passaram a ser conhecidas pela sociedade da época devido as suas fortes manifestações públicas em prol dos direitos políticos, com ênfase no direito ao voto. Esse cenário é retratado pelo filme As Sufragistas, estreado no ano de 2015, que relata a luta de mulheres pelo direito ao voto e o movimento sufragista liderado por Emmeline Pankhurst. O artigo problematiza o início da luta de gênero por direitos políticos, com ênfase nos estudos de Direito e Cinema. Dessa forma, a análise do resultado político na luta por direitos da primeira onda do movimento feminista pode ser exemplificado pelo filme As Sufragistas. O filme retrata as condições precárias da mulher no trabalho e sua submissão aos homens; mostra como o Direito e o Cinema podem relacionar-se com o intuito de explorar as realidades vivenciadas pelas mulheres em busca de seus direitos. Nesse sentido, o artigo objetiva, através da análise de cenas e linguagem do filme As Sufragistas, explorar a batalha das Sufragistas pela conquista do voto feminino e, consequentemente, demonstrar que, por meio do Cinema e através de suas imagens é possível retratar as realidades e, assim, as condições às quais as mulheres foram submetidas por longos anos. Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos. Direitos Políticos. Cinema. Feminismo.Abstract: Women’s struggle for rights, especially civil and political right to vote, had a clear focus during the first wave of the feminist movement that went through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Many movements marked the women’s claim to the right to vote, in particular and one of the most striking, the Sufragist movement. Sufragists, the first activists of feminism in the nineteenth century, came to be known by the society of the time due to its strong public manifestations for political rights, especially the right to vote. This scenario is portrayed by the film Suffragette, released in the year 2015, which relates the struggle of women for the right to vote and the suffragist movement led by Emmeline Pankhurst. The purpose of this article is to analyze the beginning of the gender struggle for political rights, with emphasis on Law and Cinema studies. In this way, the analysis of the political outcome in the struggle for rights of the first wave of the feminist movement can be exemplified by the film Suffragette. The film portrays the precarious conditions of women at work and their submission to men; Shows how law and cinema relate to the purpose of exploring the realities experienced by women in search of their rights. In this sense, the present article aims, trought the analysis of scenes and language of the film Suffragette, to explore the battle of Sufragists by the conquest of the feminine vote and, consequently, demonstrate trought the Cinema and trought images it is possible to portray the realities and thus the conditions to which women were submitted. Keywords: Cinema. Feminism. Human Rights. Political Rights.

Kosmik Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizkon Maulana ◽  
Indriati Amarini ◽  
Ika Ariani Kartini

The fulfillment of political rights for persons with mental disabilities in general elections has not been running as it should be. Pros and cons arise when collecting data on citizens who have the right to vote at the time of general elections. This research analyzes how the fulfillment of the political rights of persons with mental disabilities in legislation and the obstacles experienced in fulfilling the political rights of persons with mental disabilities. This research is a normative juridical study using secondary data as the main data, namely books, journals, research results, and legislation. Secondary data were analyzed normatively qualitative. The results showed that the political rights of persons with disabilities, including persons with mental disabilities, are a component of human rights that must be fulfilled in a democratic country. The fulfillment of the political rights of persons with disabilities is generally based on Law Number 8 of 2016, namely Article 13 which stipulates that persons with disabilities have the political right to vote and be elected in public office. These rights are important to be respected, protected and fulfilled in order to achieve justice for eliminating political discrimination against persons with disabilities. As for the obstacles experienced in fulfilling the political rights of persons with mental disabilities, namely the difficulty in conveying socialization materials to persons with mental disabilities and the level of voter participation among persons with mental disabilities is still low.Keywords: Political Rights, General Election, Mental Disability


2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lappin

AbstractThe right to vote is the most important political right in international human rights law. Framed within the broader right of political participation, it is the only right in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights not guaranteed as a universal human right but rather as a citizen's right. While limitations on the right to vote are permissible in respect of citizenship and age, residency-based restrictions are not explicitly provided. However, recent judgments of the European Court of Human Rights endorse a view that voting rights may be conditioned on residency on the grounds of an individual's bond to their country-of-origin and the extent to which laws passed by that government would affect them. This article questions this proposition and explores whether disenfranchisement based solely on residency constitutes an unreasonable and discriminatory restriction to the essence of the right.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 881-886
Author(s):  
I Made Gede Ray Misno

Democracy is the most appropriate choice for our nation in carrying out the life of the nation and state. With democracy, the political rights of every citizen are guaranteed to be the same. Every citizen has the right to vote and be elected into political power, in contrast to monarchies where hereditary law applies. Because all citizens have the same rights and obligations in politics, democracy can only work effectively if these political positions are filled or held by people who have good qualifications, competences, and morals, so that they are able to represent people. who have given him the confidence to occupy a given political position with the aim of mutual welfare, as stated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution.


1970 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Nawaf Kabbara

The Lebanese parliamentary election was a very decisive moment in the country’s history. As a result of this election, a new parliamentary majority and discourse dominated the political scene. The election was also peculiar concerning the disability cause in Lebanon. For the first time in the history of Lebanon’s elections, disability became an issue. In fact, the Lebanese disability movement succeeded in launching two different but complementary campaigns during the election. The first one was engineered by both the Lebanese Physical Handicapped Union and the Youth Blind Association. Under the title “Haqqi” or “My Right,” the campaign focused on the right of people with disability to practice one of their most important rights: the political right to vote.


Getting By ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 849-874
Author(s):  
Helen Hershkoff ◽  
Stephen Loffredo

This chapter discusses the right to vote. Democracy demands that every vote count and that every voter be able to shape social and economic policy. Equality of participation, however, is seriously undermined by the outsized role that money plays in American electoral politics—making the exercise of the franchise even more important for persons who are poor or have low income. The chapter discusses the legal and practical barriers that low-income citizens face when they go to the polls, including demands for identification cards, the need to take time off from work, and long waiting periods at the ballot box in neighborhoods that are poor or populated by persons of color. The chapter sets out the constitutional basis for the right to vote, locating current restrictions in past practices that excluded the poor and unpropertied, and impeded the political rights of African Americans after emancipation. Discussion focuses on conditions that states have attached to the right to vote, on protections afforded under federal statutes, and rules governing voter registration campaigns.


Author(s):  
Jane Almeida

As mulheres sempre lutaram por direitos que lhes foram negados num mundo construído sob a autoridade masculina. Os vários movimentos feministas mostraram que nessas lutas, além do direito político ao voto, as mulheres reivindicaram educação, instrução, igualdade e cidadania, o que lhes possibilitariam o trânsito da esfera doméstica para o espaço público. Este artigo realiza uma breve trajetória sobre esse movimento baseado nas reivindicações femininas, e conclui que, apesar das conquistas que foram efetivadas, ainda resta muito por fazer nesse plano, no qual a educação desempenha importante papel. Palavras-chave: mulheres; educação; feminismo; cidadania. Abstract Women have always fought for rights that were denied to them in a world built under the masculine authority. Besides the political right to vote, several feminist movements showed that in those fights. Women demanded education, instruction, equality and citizenship, which would facilitate their transition from the domestic sphere to the public space. This article reports a brief trajectory about that movement based on the feminine revindications. It concludes that, in spite of the conquests that were accomplished, there are still much to be done in this area, in which education plays important part. Keyword: women; education; feminism; citizenship.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Yusdar Yusdar

The right to vote and be elected is a constitutional right of citizens who are recognized as part of the rights to the same position in law and government. Elections are a very important momentum, in fact, the Election still often raises problems for persons with disabilities. Persons with disabilities are a group of persons with disabilities who most need special facilities so that they can choose independently so they can fulfill the principle of elections, namely Direct, General, Free and Confidential and Honest and Fair. So that the political rights of persons with disabilities have not been maximally fulfilled through the provision of accessibility in elections for them. This research is normative legal research. By using several methods of approach, namely: Legislative approach (statute approach), conceptual approach (conceptual approach), case approach (case approach). The results of the study show that the provision of accessibility space, not only on the momentum of giving rights (giving ballots to be tested) to persons with disabilities on voting days and hours in elections but giving accessibility to persons with disabilities in elections was given since the stages of election implementation were echoed. Ideally, Disabled Persons must have access as election organizers as well as election participants. The accessibility of persons with disabilities should not only be given to access rights as voters on the day and time of voting. Keywords:People with Disabilities; Elections; Integrity


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Elena Mitskaya

In this article the author examines the dynamics of changes in the implementation of political rights of the citizens of Kazakhstan, and specifically the right to choose from the beginning of its independence and sovereignty, and to the present. Freedom and the desire of citizens of Kazakhstan to develop direct democracy is directly dependent on how much the person is not only aware of itself as an active, self-realized person, but is relevant to this socio-political, economic and other conditions. Conditions of occurrence and development of civil society is social freedom, democratic governance, the existence of a public sphere of politics and political discussions. The author proves the relationship of civil society and development of the active implementation of the political rights of citizens. In the political sphere, the degree of freedom of society is determined by the level of development of democracy in the country and warranty democracy as a whole and of each of the political right in particular. The degree of force activity of citizens in the implementation of political rights is the example of Kyrgyzstan. The gradual transition from passive participation of citizens in a democracy to active is a natural phenomenon, not only for Kazakhstan, but also a number of post-Soviet countries, which is shown in the example of the Russian Federation. The author concludes that Kazakhstan has gone through a period when citizens remained passive in exercising their political rights. Now the citizens of Kazakhstan are actively participate in the process of democracy, indicating a high degree of development of Kazakhstan's civil society.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-302
Author(s):  
Amir Ahmetović ◽  

Abstinence is a conscious and voluntary waiver of one original political right, the right to vote. Often, the very act of abstinence is understood as a kind of election, as an expression of disagreement with political alternatives, candidates and parties participating in the elections. Abstinence is close to the notion of apolitical, that is the disinterest and indifference of citizens, of individuals and groups to politics and participation in the political life of the community. The paper analyzes the difference between abstinence in elections and apoliticality and attempts to point to the problem of increasing abstinence from voting in general elections in post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina.


2006 ◽  
pp. 54-75
Author(s):  
Klaus Peter Friedrich

Facing the decisive struggle between Nazism and Soviet communism for dominance in Europe, in 1942/43 Polish communists sojourning in the USSR espoused anti-German concepts of the political right. Their aim was an ethnic Polish ‘national communism’. Meanwhile, the Polish Workers’ Party in the occupied country advocated a maximum intensification of civilian resistance and partisan struggle. In this context, commentaries on the Nazi judeocide were an important element in their endeavors to influence the prevailing mood in the country: The underground communist press often pointed to the fate of the murdered Jews as a warning in order to make it clear to the Polish population where a deficient lack of resistance could lead. However, an agreed, unconditional Polish and Jewish armed resistance did not come about. At the same time, the communist press constantly expanded its demagogic confrontation with Polish “reactionaries” and accused them of shared responsibility for the Nazi murder of the Jews, while the Polish government (in London) was attacked for its failure. This antagonism was intensified in the fierce dispute between the Polish and Soviet governments after the rift which followed revelations about the Katyn massacre. Now the communist propaganda image of the enemy came to the fore in respect to the government and its representatives in occupied Poland. It viewed the government-in-exile as being allied with the “reactionaries,” indifferent to the murder of the Jews, and thus acting ultimately on behalf of Nazi German policy. The communists denounced the real and supposed antisemitism of their adversaries more and more bluntly. In view of their political isolation, they coupled them together, in an undifferentiated manner, extending from the right-wing radical ONR to the social democrats and the other parties represented in the underground parliament loyal to the London based Polish government. Thereby communist propaganda tried to discredit their opponents and to justify the need for a new start in a post-war Poland whose fate should be shaped by the revolutionary left. They were thus paving the way for the ultimate communist takeover


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