The action of certain chemical substances on the zoospores of Pseudoperonospora Humuli (Miy. et Takah.) Wils

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Goodwin ◽  
E. S. Salmon ◽  
W. M. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Weak Solutions ◽  
Soft Soap ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Humuli ◽  
Other Substances

1. Both Pseudoperonospora Humuli and Phytophihora infestans are extremely susceptible in the zoospore stage to the action of weak solutions of soap or saponin. The zoospores are caused to disintegrate suddenly, apparently by changes in surface tension, within 60 seconds, in solutions containing over 0·1 per cent, soft soap. Those of P. Humuli are more vulnerable than those of P. infestans.2. The fungicidal action of soap and saponin mixed with certain adherent substances was tested on hop plants.3. The power of adhesion and the fungicidal efficiency of the mixtures were tested by allowing single drops to dry on the surface of watch glasses and by then adding drops of water containing zoospores.4. Other substances, e.g. aluminium-lime mixture, glycerine, iodine, bromine, were also found to kill zoospores rapidly.

The Measurement of SVOC Emission Rates from Building Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Hyun Tae Kim ◽  
Tae Woo Kim ◽  
Won Hwa Hong ◽  
Kang Guk Lee ◽  
Kim Kang Min
Keyword(s):  
House Dust ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Level ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Recent studies have reported that indoor house dust contains a large volume of SVOC chemical substances such as phthalates. This study measured the SVOC emission rate from various types of building materials and conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses on the emitted substances. DBP and DEHP were detected in all building materials based on the result obtained from measuring the building materials produced in Japan, South Korea, and China. The DBP and DEHP emission rates (95 percentile) from the building materials used for the measurement in this study were 2.56 [μg/m2・h] and 11.63[μg/m2・h] respectively. Larger DBP and DEHP emission rate from building materials are believed to be the reason why a high level of DBP and DEHP is detected in house dust found in residential homes compared to other substances.

The hydrolysis of sulphur in relation to its fungicidal activity

1930 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Soft Soap ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. It is suggested that the fungicidal action of sulphur upon the Erysiphaceae is due primarily to hydrolysis.2. The presence of alkali, which brings about an acceleration of this hydrolysis, should enhance the fungicidal properties of sulphur.3. An explanation is thus afforded of the inhibition of the fungicidal action of sulphur against the hop powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli) by gelatine or saponin solutions when employed as the spreader and of the promotion of fungicidal action in the presence of soft soap and alkali casein solutions.4. Attention is drawn to analogies between the action of sulphur upon the mildew and upon copper.5. Current views relative to the fungicidal action of sulphur are discussed from the standpoint of the hydrolysis hypothesis.

Long-term cycling of surfactant films in Wilhelmy balance

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Sun ◽  
T Curstedt ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Minimum Surface ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Surfactant Activity ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Dose Dependent

Surface properties of porcine surfactant were observed during long-term cycling in Wilhelmy balance. Various amounts of surfactant were applied onto the surface as dry particles or droplets, or were suspended in the hypophase, and the films generated by this material were subjected to 50% cyclic compression at a rate of 1 cycle per min. Film spreading was faster from a droplet than from a particle of lyophilized surfactant, but the 'stable period' during which minimum surface tension of the compressed film remained below 5 mN/m was significantly longer for the dry material. For surfactant suspensions the period of film 'refinement', defined as the number of cycles required to reduce minimum surface tension to a level below 5 mN/m, was inversely correlated with the concentration of surfactant in the hypophase. Thirteen batches of porcine surfactant, used successfully in clinical trials for treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, were evaluated in the same system suspended in the hypophase at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. Films adsorbed from these batches had a median refinement period of 4 cycles, and a median stable period of 2160 cycles (36 h). In the same assay system, surfactant activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by serum, fibrinogen, meconium, and bilirubin, but the specific inhibitory activity was significantly higher for bilirubin than for the other substances tested.

The fungicidal properties of certain spray-fluids, VI

1930 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Goodwin ◽  
H. Martin ◽  
E. S. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Soap Solution ◽  
Soft Soap ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Alkaline Reaction ◽  
Colloidal Sulphur ◽  
Acid Nature

1. The action of various forms of sulphur—ground sulphur, flowers of sulphur and colloidal sulphur—as fungicides against the hop powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca Humuli) was tested in a number of experiments.When ground sulphur or flowers of sulphur was wetted by a soft soap solution and applied to the mildew patches in the form of a spray, the fungicidal action was always very marked and, under the conditions of the experiments, became complete with suspensions containing 5 gm. sulphur per 100 c.c. of 0·5 per cent, soft soap solution. Owing, however, to the settling of the sulphur particles during the process of spraying, the amount of sulphur actually applied to the fungus was not strictly in accordance with the strength of the suspension.2. Striking differences in fungicidal action were obtained when gelatine or saponin were used in place of soft soap as a spreader. Spreaders of an acid nature, viz. gelatine and saponin, inhibited the fungicidal action. With alkaline spreaders other than soft soap, e.g. lime casein and soda casein and the dry-mix sulphur lime, the alkaline reaction favoured the fungicidal action of the sulphur.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Surface Tension on First Edible Oil and Frying the Mixed with Candles by Using Torsion Dynamometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Dwi Windarti ◽  
M. Faruq Najib ◽  
Frida Agung Rakhmadi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Difference

Cooking oil pure with the content that has been determined according to the needs that require measurement data minimum and the measurement of the maximum permissibility of the oil it consumed, and the content contained in the oil should have a standard that had been determined by laboratory results that do not interfere with the system of the body when consumed. However, when the pure cooking oil that has been supplemented with other substances or other material that would change the sound into different standard. By way of meeting the data compare surface on pure cooking oil and cooking oil wax mixture. So with this study we can know the difference in surface tension characteristics with Torsion Dynamometer that the elections were not arbitrary and cooking oil consumed well and healthy.

scholarly journals Existence of weak solutions for particle-laden flow with surface tension

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 4979-4996
Author(s):  
Roman M. Taranets ◽  
◽  
Jeffrey T. Wong ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Weak Solutions ◽  
Existence Of Weak Solutions ◽  
Particle Laden Flow

scholarly journals The ways to increase efficiency of soil bioremediation

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Wołejko ◽  
Urszula Wydro ◽  
Tadeusz Łoboda
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Biological Remediation ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Degradation Of Pollutants

Abstract The aim of this paper was to present possibilities of using different substrates to assist the bioremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides and other substances. Today's bioengineering offers many solutions that enable the effective conduct of biological remediation, including both biostimulation and bioaugmentation. For this purpose, they are used to enrich various organic substances, sorbents, microbiological and enzymatic preparations, chemical substances of natural origin or nanoparticles. The use of genetic engineering as a tool to obtain microorganisms and plants capable of efficient degradation of pollutants may cause the risks that entails the introduction of transgenic plants and microorganisms into the environment. In order to determine the efficacy and possible effects of the various bioremediation techniques, it is required to conduct many studies and projects on a larger scale than only in the laboratory. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that bioremediation involves interdisciplinary issues and therefore, there is a need to combine knowledge from different disciplines, such as: microbiology, biochemistry, ecology, environmental engineering and process engineering.

Some Chemical Influences in regard to the Endocrine Glands and the Central Nervous System

1922 ◽  
Vol 68 (283) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Meakins
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Function ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen,—In view of what has already been said to-day I am afraid that anything which I may be able to contribute to this discussion will be superfluous, but perhaps, by approaching the subject from the point of view of the influence of certain chemical substances on the general function of the animal organism, an additional side-light may be obtained on this subject. It is difficult to separate many of these chemical actions, as the functional activity of the endocrine glands and the nervous system are so intimately connected. In addition the active principles of some of the endocrine secretions are now identified as definite chemical compounds closely allied to other substances which may possibly be produced in the organism under pathological conditions.

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