Genetic control of blood potassium concentration in Welsh Mountain sheep

The distribution of whole blood potassium concentration in 1783 Welsh Mountain sheep shows marked bimodality, varying about two modes, of 44 and 14 m-equiv./l.The difference between high (HK) and low (LK) potassium types was not clear-cut. About 5 % of animals lay in the area where the tails of the two distributions merge.Haematocrit values and plasma potassium concentrations were used to estimate erythrocyte potassium levels. They confirmed that the bimodality is due to variation within erythrocytes but did not offer a satisfactory method of allocating intermediate animals.

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Association between Blood Potassium Level and Recovery of Postoperative Gastrointestinal Motility during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Patient Undergoing Open Abdominal Surgery

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/6392751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yi Yang ◽

Jingjuan Yang ◽

Xiner Yao ◽

Yu Cui ◽

Xiabing Lang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Surgery ◽

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

Potassium Level ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Open Abdominal Surgery ◽

Blood Potassium

Background. The aim of this study was to identify the blood potassium level beneficial to the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal motility during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patient undergoing open abdominal surgery. Materials and Methods. 538 critically ill patients after open abdominal surgery and receiving CRRT were retrospectively recruited as the study cohort. Demographic and clinical data were recorded along with an evaluation of the postoperative gastrointestinal motility. Results. Correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation coefficient, and then the variables with correlation coefficient value less than 0.5 were included in the binary logistic regression model. Binary logistic regression model indicated that the postoperative blood potassium level was independently associated with the recovery of gastrointestinal motility (OR=0.109, 95% CI= 0.063 to 0.190, p<0.001). Based on the normal range of blood potassium level, we selected the cut-off point of blood potassium level via Weight of Evidence analysis, which was 4.00 mmol/L. Compared with the patients with insufficient blood potassium levels (plasma potassium concentration < 4.00 mmol/L), those with sufficient blood potassium levels (plasma potassium concentration≥ 4.00 mmol/L) conferred an increase in the rate of 4-day postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal motility (OR= 4.425, 95% CI = 2.933 to 6.667, p<0.001). Conclusions. Maintaining the blood potassium concentrations at a relatively high level of the normal blood potassium range during CRRT would be beneficial to postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal motility.

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Influence of Erythrocytes on Direct Potentiometric Determination of Sodium and Potassium

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456328302000211 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 116-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P Bijster ◽

H L Vader ◽

C L J Vink

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Reference Electrode ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

General Phenomenon ◽

Liquid Junction ◽

Direct Potentiometry ◽

The Difference ◽

Sodium And Potassium

We have shown that the sodium concentration in whole blood measured by direct potentiometry is higher than in plasma. The ‘erythrocyte-effect’, already described by Siggaard Andersen, is most pronounced for instruments equipped with a reference electrode with an open static liquid junction and is thus a general phenomenon. Instruments with a modified liquid junction show less interference. The same phenomenon appears for the determination of the potassium concentration, although the difference between whole blood and plasma, when measured with instruments equipped with a modified liquid junction, can be neglected in practice.

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Pseudohyperkalemia in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.4061/2011/759749 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Stephen I. Rifkin

Keyword(s):

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Blood Potassium

Pseudohyperkalemia occurs occasionally in patients with extreme leukocytosis. Increased white blood cell fragility coupled with mechanical stress is felt to be causal. Serum and plasma potassium levels have been both associated with pseudohyperkalemia. Whole blood potassium determination will usually verify the correct diagnosis. It is important to diagnose this condition early so that patients are not inappropriately treated. Two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and extreme leukocytosis are presented, one with pseudohyperkalemia and one with probable pseudohyperkalemia, and diagnostic considerations are discussed

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On-line continuous potentiometric measurement of potassium concentration in whole blood during open-heart surgery.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/25.1.39 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

H F Osswald ◽

R Asper ◽

W Dimai ◽

W Simon

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Open Heart Surgery ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Open Heart ◽

Flame Photometer ◽

Blood Potassium ◽

On Line ◽

Flow Through

Abstract We describe a flow-through system with an ion-selective electrode for measurement of blood potassium ion concentration, continuously and on-line off the extracorporeal blood circulation in an operating theater during human open-heart surgery. Comparison measurements were made with the SMA flame photometer (blood plasma) and an Orion SS 30 sodium/potassium analyzer (whole blood). The potassium concentration values obtained with the flow-through system agree well with the ones determined with the flame photometer. The time delay of the measurement with the flow-through system was relatively long (2 min) but delays of only 10--20 s seem feasible. Short time delays can deepen insight and simplify rational treatment under surgery conditions.

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Investigation of outpatients referred to a chemical pathologist with potential pseudohyperkalaemia

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jcp.2008.062141 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 920-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A K Kapoor ◽

A Ravi ◽

P J Twomey

Keyword(s):

Major Part ◽

Systematic Approach ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Full Blood Count ◽

Haematological Abnormality ◽

Blood Potassium ◽

Male Patients

Background:Pseudohyperkalaemia is when the in vitro blood potassium concentration is artefactually raised while the in vivo concentration is normal. With unexplained hyperkalaemia, pseudohyperkalaemia needs to be excluded to avoid unnecessary and potentially detrimental therapy. There are numerous causes, but no systematic approach for the investigation of outpatients with potential pseudohyperkalaemia exists in the literature.Aims:To evaluate the in-house protocol.Methods:Patients referred for investigation of potential pseudohyperkalaemia underwent an outpatient based protocol which is designed to determine whether the cause was due to delayed blood separation, clotting, centrifugation or a haematological abnormality.Results:32 patients with serum potassium of 5.5–7.1 mmol/l were referred. All patients had pseudohyperkalaemia; the most frequent causes were full blood count (FBC) abnormalities (28%), time >4 hours from sampling to centrifugation (28%) and sample clotting (25%). Anaemia was more likely to be found in male patients.Conclusion:Before a problem can be treated, it must be confirmed and its aetiology identified. A systematic approach to investigate potential pseudohyperkalaemia has been presented. This confirmed the clinician’s suspicion of pseudohyperkalaemia and in the majority of patients the aetiology was also identified. The use of serum and plasma potassium with an FBC in the initial investigation will identify whether clotting or a haematological abnormality is the cause in about half of the cases. Assay of whole-blood potassium is less important as centrifugation is a rare cause. Time to centrifugation is likely to play a major part in the majority of the remaining cases.

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The Relationship Between Blood Ions and Blood-Cell Density in Insects

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.47.2.313 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 313-326

Author(s):

JOHN BRADY

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Regression Coefficient ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Blood Potassium ◽

The Mean ◽

Matched Data ◽

The Relationship

1. Pairs of blood samples were taken from individual Periplaneta americana, the first sample being used for a live-blood haemocyte count and the second (collected 10 sec. later) for potassium and sodium determinations. 2. Analysis of these matched data on cell count and whole-blood ion concentration reveals a positive correlation between the haemocyte density and the potassium concentration, the mean regression coefficient being +0·83 mM K+/l. of blood for 10,000 cells/µl. 3. Similar analysis of the sodium data gives a negative correlation, with a mean regression coefficient of -1·69 mM N+/l. for 10,000 cells/µl. 4. Haematocrit estimations on heat-fixed blood, whose haemocyte density was simultaneously determined, indicate a mean haemocyte volume of 720 µ3. 5. If the correlations relate entirely to the contents of the haemocytes, comparison with the haemocyte volume would indicate that the cell sap contains 115 mM/l. of potassium and probably less than about 60 mM/l. of sodium; these levels are very similar to those reported for other tissues of the cockroach. 6. Since cockroach blood contains relatively little potassium these figures suggest that a significant proportion of the whole-blood potassium may be contained within the haemocytes and so not be immediately available physiologically.

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The Investigation of the Relationship between Whole Blood Potassium Concentration and Hematocrit in Uremic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Nephron ◽

10.1159/000182079 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 320-322

Author(s):

G. Buzzigoli ◽

M. Gonella ◽

W. Bencivelli ◽

V. Bartolini ◽

G. Betti

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Blood Potassium ◽

Uremic Patients ◽

The Relationship

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FACTITIAL HYPERKALEMIA DUE TO ICING BEFORE ANALYSIS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.38.5.900 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 900-902

Author(s):

T. K. Oliver ◽

G. A. Young ◽

G. D. Bates ◽

J. S. Adamo

Keyword(s):

Blood Plasma ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Mean Value ◽

Red Cell ◽

Red Cell Volume ◽

The Mean

Both adult and newborn blood plasma potassium concentration rose significantly when whole blood was kept on ice for periods of 5 hours. This appears to be due to inhibition of red cell glycolysis. The rise in plasma potassium concentration of blood from newborn infants is significantly greater than that occurring in blood from adults; this difference is a function of the neonate's increased red cell volume. Meaningful interpretation of potassium concentration, particularly in the newly born, demands that the plasma be separated immediately. The plasma potassium concentration of normal newborns at birth does not differ significantly from adults; in this study the mean value in 20 infants was 4.81 mEq/l.

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Evidence-Based Validation of Hemolysis Index Thresholds by Use of Retrospective Clinical Data

The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1373/jalm.2017.024992 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 109-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James A Mays ◽

Dina N Greene ◽

Anna E Merrill ◽

Patrick C Mathias

Keyword(s):

Drug Administration ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Retrospective Review ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Clinical Validation ◽

High Agreement ◽

Significant Percentage ◽

Blood Potassium

Abstract Background Semiquantitative hemolysis indices (HIs) are used by chemistry analyzers to measure sample integrity, but there is little standardization in HI reporting or validation of analyte-specific HI flagging. Additional methods of HI threshold validation are needed. Methods We retrospectively queried serum and plasma potassium measurements, HIs, and contemporaneous whole blood potassium measurements. Serum and plasma values were compared to whole blood values drawn within 6 h (n = 6422 pairs), and discrepancies between values were compared across HIs. We also retrieved orders of potassium-lowering medications occurring shortly after release of potassium results from hemolyzed samples. Results While nonhemolyzed samples showed high agreement, a significant percentage of released hemolyzed samples (36.1% of the most hemolyzed group) were discrepant by 1 mEq/L or more. In total, 15.5% of patients with an order from the hyperkalemia order set had the order after a hemolyzed value; the majority of those patients (42 of 46; 91.3%) received a potassium-lowering medication, most of whom did not have a redraw before drug administration. Conclusions Retrospective review of discrepancies identified marked inconsistencies among higher HI samples and identified opportunities for improving the laboratory reporting policy, offering a clinical validation of the HI thresholds for potassium. Clinicians generally treated patients with hemolyzed samples, underscoring the importance of maintaining sample quality.

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