On-line continuous potentiometric measurement of potassium concentration in whole blood during open-heart surgery.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
H F Osswald ◽  
R Asper ◽  
W Dimai ◽  
W Simon
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Flame Photometer ◽  
Blood Potassium ◽  
On Line ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract We describe a flow-through system with an ion-selective electrode for measurement of blood potassium ion concentration, continuously and on-line off the extracorporeal blood circulation in an operating theater during human open-heart surgery. Comparison measurements were made with the SMA flame photometer (blood plasma) and an Orion SS 30 sodium/potassium analyzer (whole blood). The potassium concentration values obtained with the flow-through system agree well with the ones determined with the flame photometer. The time delay of the measurement with the flow-through system was relatively long (2 min) but delays of only 10--20 s seem feasible. Short time delays can deepen insight and simplify rational treatment under surgery conditions.

Heparin Concentrations Correlated To The Activated Whole Blood Clotting Time (Act) During Extracorporeal Circulation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Stenbjerg ◽  
E Berg ◽  
O K Albrechtsen
Keyword(s):  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Blood Clotting Time

Heparin levels and ACT were followed during open heart surgery in lo patients. Heparin was assayed by an amidolytic method using substrate S-2222. ACT was determined with an automated method using celite and glass beads as activators of coagulation. Neither the hemodilution nor the depletion of platelets observed during extracorporeal circulation seemed to influence the ACT. An excellent correlation between the ACT and the actual heparin level was found in each patient with coefficients of correlation ranging from 0.73 – 0.97. A slightly better correlation was noticed for values of ACT below 600 seconds. It was concluded that the ACT is a valuable and reliable tool in control of heparinisation during open heart surgery.

The Effects of Phlebotomy, Hemodilution and Autologous Transfusion on Systemic Oxygenation and Whole Blood Utilization in Open Heart Surgery

CHEST Journal ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Cohn ◽  
Anna Mae Fosberg ◽  
Warwick P. Anderson ◽  
John J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Autologous Transfusion ◽  
Blood Utilization

The Relationship Between Blood Ions and Blood-Cell Density in Insects

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326
Author(s):  
JOHN BRADY
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Blood Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Matched Data ◽  
The Relationship

1. Pairs of blood samples were taken from individual Periplaneta americana, the first sample being used for a live-blood haemocyte count and the second (collected 10 sec. later) for potassium and sodium determinations. 2. Analysis of these matched data on cell count and whole-blood ion concentration reveals a positive correlation between the haemocyte density and the potassium concentration, the mean regression coefficient being +0·83 mM K+/l. of blood for 10,000 cells/µl. 3. Similar analysis of the sodium data gives a negative correlation, with a mean regression coefficient of -1·69 mM N+/l. for 10,000 cells/µl. 4. Haematocrit estimations on heat-fixed blood, whose haemocyte density was simultaneously determined, indicate a mean haemocyte volume of 720 µ3. 5. If the correlations relate entirely to the contents of the haemocytes, comparison with the haemocyte volume would indicate that the cell sap contains 115 mM/l. of potassium and probably less than about 60 mM/l. of sodium; these levels are very similar to those reported for other tissues of the cockroach. 6. Since cockroach blood contains relatively little potassium these figures suggest that a significant proportion of the whole-blood potassium may be contained within the haemocytes and so not be immediately available physiologically.

Effect of INS50589, a Reversible ADP-Receptor Antagonist, on Platelet Function and Blood Loss in a Canine Model of Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2172-2172
Author(s):  
Arthur P. Bode ◽  
Christopher S. Crean ◽  
You-Su Sun ◽  
Wiley Nifong ◽  
Jose L. Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Open Heart

Abstract Open-heart surgery performed with cardiopulmonary extracorporeal bypass (CPB) of anticoagulated blood often is complicated by excessive postoperative hemorrhage due to an acquired platelet function defect and thrombocytopenia inherent to the procedure. One strategy for reducing excessive blood loss is to protect the platelets pharmacologically from activation and damage during the surgical procedure and the CPB, but most inhibitors of platelet activation used in this way would exacerbate bleeding because of the duration of their effect. INS50589 is a competitive and selective P2Y12 receptor antagonist in development by Inspire Pharmaceuticals Inc. Previous studies in normal dogs indicate that 20μM ADP induced ex vivo whole blood platelet aggregation is completely inhibited by the administration of INS50589 and that the effect is quickly reversed upon discontinuation of the administration. This drug is now being tested for efficacy and safety in a canine model of CPB established at East Carolina University. Subjects in the range of 20–30 kg are prepared by sternotomy for extracorporeal recirculation of blood after systemic heparinization. CPB occurs for ninety minutes, followed by weaning from the pump and maintenance for a four hour postoperative period. INS50589 was administered by continuous infusion at a rate of 17 mg/kg/min at initiation of sternotomy and throughout CPB until weaned. Special testing in all subjects includes ex vivo whole blood aggregometry with two doses of ADP, thromboelastography with the TEG® ADP Mapping kit, bleeding times using a 23 gauge puncture of the exposed jugular vein, and measurements of blood loss from the surgical fields. In the placebo treated group, there was a significant loss of platelet response to ADP during CPB that remained in the post-op period at approx 50% of initial values; in contrast, the drug-treated subjects show post-op recovery of ADP response to within 90% of initial values (p<0.01). The vessel bleeding time (VBT) within both groups was greatly prolonged during CPB. Preliminary analysis suggests that in the post-operative period the VBT returned to baseline values after the infusion was discontinued; however, the return was faster in the INS50589-treated animals when compared with the placebo group. The volume of post-operative blood loss was variable but appears to be less in the drug-treatment group versus placebo controls. When adjusted on the basis of red cell mass in the shed blood per body weight the difference was significant (4.78±1.99e10 vs. 10.1±2.91e10 red blood cells/kg), p <0.05. Other preliminary findings in the treatment group included a lesser CPB-related decrease in platelet count, a higher average hematocrit, higher post-op fibrinogen concentration, and a more stable post-op course. These preliminary findings suggest that INS50589 should be effective in protecting platelet function and reducing blood loss in human patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

scholarly journals Comparison of the hemostatic effects of fresh whole blood, stored whole blood, and components after open heart surgery in children

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Manno ◽  
KW Hedberg ◽  
HC Kim ◽  
GR Bunin ◽  
S Nicolson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Transfusion Requirements

Abstract In a double-blind study, we compared the postoperative (post-op) blood loss in 161 children undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass whose immediate post-op transfusion requirements were met with either very fresh whole blood (VFWB), 24- to 48-hour-old whole blood or reconstituted whole blood (packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma [FFP], and platelets). Assignment to treatment groups was not strictly random but dependent, in part, on the ability of families to provide directed donors for fresh blood. The three patient groups were comparable with respect to patient age, pre-op coagulation profiles (bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, fibrin split products, fibrinogen, and platelet aggregation tests) difficulty of operative procedures and time spent on CPB. Mean 24-hour post-op blood loss in milliliters per kilogram was 50.9 +/- 9.3 in the VFWB group, 44.8 +/- 6.0 in the 24- to 48-hour-old group, and 74.2 +/- 8.9 in the reconstituted group (p = .03). When blood loss was compared in the 93 children less than 2 years of age, mean blood loss was 52.3 +/- 10.8 in the VFWB group, 51.7 +/- 7.4 in the 24- to 48-hour-old group, and 96.2 +/- 10.7 in the reconstituted group (P = .001). For subjects who had received reconstituted blood, 30- minute and 3-hour post-op platelet aggregation responses to adenosine diphosphate (10 mumol/L) and 30-minute aggregation response to epinephrine (2.5 mumol/L) were more depressed than in the VFWB and 24- to 48-hour groups (P less than .001, P = .005, and P = .02). Comparison of other post-op coagulation tests could not explain the increased blood loss in the reconstituted group. We conclude that the transfusion of less than 48 hours old whole blood is associated with significantly less post-op blood loss than the transfusion of packed red blood cells, FFP, and platelets in children under 2 years old who underwent complex cardiac surgery. The blood losses associated with the transfusion of VFWB and 24- to 48-hour-old blood are comparable and may be, in part, due to better functioning platelets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document