Nodule development and nitrogen fixation in cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. as influenced by planting density

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Graham ◽  
J. C. Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stem Development

SUMMARYThree cultivars of P. vulgaris, tested 39 and 69 days after planting, differed in the extent to which nitrogen (C2H2) fixation and nodule development were affected by plant density.At the 39-day harvest the climbing cultivar P590 declined in fixation from 15·1 μmol C2H4 produced/plant/h at 8·5 plants/m2, to only 4·2 μmol C2H4 produced/plant/h at 41·5 plants/m2; while the prostrate P498 showed consistently high fixation from 8·5 to 41·5 plants/m2. Variation in nitrogen fixation could be explained largely by change in nodule weight, though specific nodule activity (SNA) was affected, particularly in the cultivar P590. Since the percentage soluble carbohydrate in nodules of two varieties increased at certain planting densities while SNA decreased, some nodule dysfunction is possible.Density changes affected leaf, root and stem development in all cultivars, leaves on the lower nodes being most severely affected.At the 69-day harvest two varieties were advanced in filling the pods and showed poor nodulation and limited fixation, even at the widest plant spacings, while nodulation and nitrogen (C2H2) fixation in the third variety, which had just flowered, showed optima similar to the earlier harvest.

scholarly journals Yield Performance and Response to High Plant Densities of Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars under Semi-Arid Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Alma Delia Baez-Gonzalez ◽  
Ricardo Fajardo-Diaz ◽  
Jose Saul Padilla-Ramirez ◽  
Esteban Salvador Osuna-Ceja ◽  
James R. Kiniry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid

To identify eco-efficient bean cultivars that can be planted at high densities for sustainable bean production under climate change, this study analyzed the performance of ten dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown at 90,000, 145,000 and 260,000 plants ha−1 under rainfed semi-arid conditions in Mexico. The study compared the yield and yield components (leaf area index (LAI), pods per plant, and hundred seed weight) of the cultivars. We also analyzed the dry matter distribution (DMD), growth rate (GR), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and harvest index (HI) of the best performing cultivars to determine how they respond to higher densities. The cultivars were established under similar planting and management conditions during two growing seasons. The precipitation for the first and second seasons were 175 and 492 mm, respectively, representing 57% and 160% of the mean precipitation in the area during the July–October growing period. Pinto Saltillo, a drought-tolerant indeterminate semi-prostrate cultivar, and Azufrado 2, a determinate shrub cultivar, performed best at high densities under low-precipitation conditions (175 mm). Both cultivars responded to the highest density (260,000 plants ha−1) with increases of 54% to 69% (0.7 to 1.1) in LAI and 21% to 86% (0.32–0.81 Mg ha−1) in yield. The two cultivars responded to increasing plant density with a modification in their fraction of DMD over plant parts and a change in their GR from 0.23–0.25 at low density to 0.96–1.74 gr m−2 day−1 at high density. The two cultivars had an RUE of 3.8 to 4.4 g MJ−1 and HI of 0.31 to 0.36 at high planting density. Farmers’ use of these commercially available cultivars proven to have high yields and the ability to respond favorably to high densities under rainfed conditions can be a viable short-term strategy to increase dry bean production for sustainable agriculture in semi-arid temperate regions.

Influence of temperature on growth and nitrogen fixation in cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L., inoculated with Rhizobium

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Response To Temperature

SUMMARYGrowth and nitrogen fixation of three cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L., inoculated with strain CIAT 161 of R. phaseoli, were compared at day-night temperatures of 36–25, 30–20 and 26–15 °C.Temperature affected the duration and magnitude of N2 (C2H2) fixation. Maximum fixation increased from 33·8 μmol C2H4 produced/plant/h at 35–25 °C to 73·0 μmol C2H4 produced/plant/h at 25–15 °C, but the peak in fixation was increasingly delayed as growth temperature was reduced. In the 25–15 °C treatment this delay in the onset of fixation led to decreasing leaf nitrogen concentrations and visible N-deficiency symptoms at the 28 day harvest.Varietal differences in response to temperature were not marked, though one cultivar achieved greater nodule development at 35–25 °C than the others. This earlyflowering cultivar again appeared weak in N2 (C2H2) fixation with low specific nodule activity at all temperatures studied.Results are related to bean production in Latin America, and to the possible need for ‘starter’ nitrogen in the cooler bean-producing regions.

Plant and nodule development and nitrogen fixation in climbing cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. grown in monoculture, or associated with Zea mays L.

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Graham ◽  
J. C. Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Slight Inhibition

SummaryPlant and nodule development and nitrogen fixation were studied in two climbing cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris, grown in monoculture, or associated with two maize populations differing in growth characteristics.Bean cultivar P590 showed similar plant and pod fresh weight development in monoculture and when associated with a vigorous landrace maize, interspecific competition becoming significant only 92 days after planting. Nitrogen (C2H2) fixation in this cultivar was greatest 68 days after planting and declined rapidly thereafter, showing no significant differences between monoculture and associated plantings. When the bean cultivar P526 was associated with the landrace maize, plant development was depressed as early as 50 days after planting. While slight inhibition of nitrogen fixation, specific nodule activity (SNA) and nodule carbohydrate content was also observed at this time, it could not be concluded that such inhibition was definitely due to the associated planting.Association with an improved maize, amarillo subtropical, did not affect plant development in P590 but did decrease growth of P526 at the 80 and 92 day harvests.

EFFECTS OF PLANTING DENSITY AND DESIGN ON POD YIELD OF BUSH SNAP BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. J. WAHAB ◽  
D. H. DABBS ◽  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Density Relationship ◽  
Equal Spacing

Because of interest in maximizing production per unit area in regions where the land base is limited, the effects of planting density; (16–116 plants m−2) and planting design on pod yield of bush snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were measured in replicated field trials with cv. Harvester in 1980 and 1981. Three planting designs were used: (a) conventional row designs with interplant spacing of 5 cm and interrow spacing of 20, 45, 80 and 125 cm; (b) square designs with interplant and interrow spacings both at 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm; and (c) triangle designs (honeycomb) with plants arranged at equal distances of 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm from each of their six nearest neighbors. In all three planting designs, higher planting densities (up to 116 plants m−2) gave higher pod yields per unit area. Except for the lower response in the square design in 1981, increases in yield with increasing density were similar for all designs in both years. Pod yields did not differ from one design to the other in 1980. In 1981, the triangle design gave the highest average yield and the row design gave the lowest average yield. The results confirm observations of yield advantages in planting designs which use equal spacing in all directions.Key words: Yield-density relationship, row spacing, honeycomb design, snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

Yields and components of yield of dry beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) in the United Kingdom

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hardwick ◽  
J. M. Hardaker ◽  
N. L. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Seedling Cold Tolerance

SummaryExotic accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris selected for seedling cold tolerance by Austin & Maclean (1972) in a test in controlled environments were grown in a field experiment at Wellesbourne in 1974. Yields of up to 4·;7 t/ha at a plant density of 34 plants/m2 were obtained. In 1975, six selected accessions were grown at 21 plants/m2 at six different sites. Mean site yields ranged from 1·0 to 3·1 t/ha. The six accessions all had better emergence and higher yields than two commercial cultivars used as controls. The genotype × site interactions for yield (and for yield components) were small. The variation in yield between accessions (from 2·0 to 2·5 t/ha) was smaller than the variation in yield between sites. Variation in yield components tended to be additive between sites, and compensatory between accessions. There was a negative correlation between crude protein content and yield across accessions; the correlation between protein content and yield across sites was not significant. Accessions differed significantly in the amount of green leaf still attached to plants at harvest. This variation was not related to maturity as judged by moisture content of the seed. There was a negative correlation across accessions between the weight of leaf per plant at harvest and harvest index (the ratio of seed weight to stem weight).

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