Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.) of barley in England, 1960–65

1966 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. F. Macer ◽  
M. Van Den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Physiologic Races

Yellow rust of barley has been observed more frequently at Cambridge in the period 1960-65 than the previous five years. The disease occurs in most parts of England but appears to be prevalent and more damaging in the south and west of the country. The increased incidence of the disease is probably associated both with the greatly increased acreage of barley now being grown and with the introduction of more susceptible barley varieties.Two isolates of Puccinia striiformis differing in virulence characteristics have been found to be representative of the population of the pathogen in England. These isolates are similar to, if not identical with, physiologic races 23 and 24 which are widespread in continental Europe.A survey of the seedling resistance to P. striiformis of the currently cultivated barley varieties showed that, of the twelve varieties tested, nine were susceptible to both isolates of the pathogen and three were susceptible to one isolate and resistant to the other. No varieties were resistant to both isolates.

scholarly journals Evolution of Physiologic Races and Virulence of Puccinia striiformis on Wheat in Syria and Lebanon

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Yahyaoui ◽  
M. S. Hakim ◽  
M. El Naimi ◽  
N. Rbeiz
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Land Race ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Virulence-avirulence phenotypes of Puccinia striiformis isolates collected in Lebanon and Syria were determined on seedlings of the wheat-yellow rust differential genotypes. We found 25 and 11 physiologic races over 6 years (1994 to 1999) in Syria and Lebanon, respectively. The composition of physiologic races found in Syria and Lebanon differed greatly between 1994 and 1999. Races identified in 1999, such as 230E150 and 230E134, have wider spectra of virulence on resistant genotypes than races collected in 1994. In Lebanon, three races were found in 1994 compared with six races in 1999. Yellow rust differential genotypes were used in a trap nursery to monitor yellow rust populations under natural conditions. Races identified from cultivars in the trap nursery in Syria and Lebanon, and from land race cultivars in Iraq, were recovered among the races identified from farm fields. Yellow rust samples were collected from Yemen, and none of the races identified from Yemen samples were identical to those in Syria and Lebanon. Virulence frequencies in the yellow rust population on the differential genotypes tested in the trap nurseries were above 70% for some resistance genes. Yellow rust populations in Syria and Lebanon have diverse virulence phenotypes. P. striiformis populations appear to be changing over, and this would be an important consideration for wheat breeding programs in the region.

Distribution of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races and virulence in wheat growing regions of Kenya from 1970 TO 2014

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy Wamalwa ◽  
Ruth Wanyera ◽  
Julian Rodriguez-Algaba ◽  
Lesley Boyd ◽  
James Owuoche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Virulence Diversity

Stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a major threat to wheat (Triticum spp.) production worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence of Pst races prevalent in the main wheat growing regions of Kenya, which includes Mt. Kenya, Eastern Kenya, and the Rift Valley (Central, Southern, and Northern Rift). Fifty Pst isolates collected from 1970 to 1992 and from 2009 to 2014 were virulence phenotyped using stripe rust differential sets, and 45 isolates were genotyped with sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers to differentiate among the isolates and identify aggressive strains PstS1 and PstS2. Virulence corresponding to stripe rust resistance genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr25, Yr27 and the seedling resistance in genotype Avocet S were detected. Ten races were detected in the Pst samples obtained from 1970 to 1992, and three additional races were detected from 2009 to 2014, with a single race being detected in both periods. The SCAR markers detected both Pst1 and Pst2 strains in the collection. Increasing Pst virulence was found in the Kenyan Pst population, and that diverse Pst race groups dominated different wheat growing regions. Moreover, recent Pst races in east Africa indicated possible migration of some race groups into Kenya from other regions. This study is important in understanding Pst evolution and virulence diversity and useful in breeding wheat cultivars with effective resistance to stripe rust. Keywords: pathogenicity, Puccinia f. sp. tritici stripe (yellow) rust, Triticum aestivum

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of wheat seedling resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Mei Du ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Mingxiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Seedling Resistance

Abstract Background: Stripe rust or yellow rust (Yr), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici (Pst), is one of the most globally devastating fungal disease that significantly reduces yield and quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Although some Yr genes have been successfully used in wheat breeding and a little number of them have been cloned, large of the regulating networks and the molecular mechanisms of Pst resistance remains unknown. In this study, a pair of Yr-gene pyramiding line L58 and its background parent cv. Chuanyu12 (CY12) were used to study the transcriptome profiles after inoculated with Pst physiological race CYR34. Results: The results revealed that the different expression genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction and MAPK signaling pathways after Pst-CYR34 inoculation. Compared with CY12, L58 showed greater up-regulated DEGs in those pathways by Pst infection at 24hpi. However, these DEGs became lower expression in L58 and opposite expression in CY12 at 7dpi. Besides, the activities of enzymes (PAL, POD) and products of phenylpropanoid pathway (lignin content) were significantly increased in both CY12 and L58, and the increase was greater and faster in the resistant line L58. Some candidate genes and transcription factors (TFs) associated with Pst resistance were identified, including LRR receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinase, disease resistance protein, MYB, NAC and WRKY transcription factors involved in the fine-tuning of Pst infection responses. Conclusions: Our results give insights into the regulating networks of Pst resistance and pave the way for durable resistant breeding in bread wheat.

Production of New Physiologic Races in Puccinia striiformis (Yellow Rust) by Heterokaryosis

Nature ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 213 (5074) ◽  
pp. 422-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. LITTLE ◽  
J. G. MANNERS
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Physiologic Races

Personal Discernment and Dialogue. Learning from ‘the Other’

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Michael Barnes SJ
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Spiritual Exercises ◽  
The South ◽  
Ignatian Spirituality ◽  
Michel De Certeau ◽  
Personal Interactions ◽  
Ignatius Of Loyola

This article considers the theme of discernment in the tradition of Ignatian spirituality emanating from the Spiritual Exercises of St Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556), the founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). After a brief introduction which addresses the central problematic of bad influences that manifest themselves as good, the article turns to the life and work of two Jesuits, the 16th C English missionary to India, Thomas Stephens and the 20th C French historian and cultural critic, Michel de Certeau. Both kept up a constant dialogue with local culture in which they sought authenticity in their response to ‘events’, whether a hideous massacre which shaped the pastoral commitment and writing of Stephens in the south of the Portuguese enclave of Goa or the 1968 student-led protests in Paris that so much affected the thinking of de Certeau. Very different in terms of personal background and contemporary experience, they both share in a tradition of discernment as a virtuous response to what both would understand as the ‘wisdom of the Spirit’ revealed in their personal interactions with ‘the other’.

The Fable of the Writer in Southern Fiction

Prospects ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 249-266
Author(s):  
Lewis P. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Deep South ◽  
The South ◽  
Southern Fiction ◽  
Yoknapatawpha County ◽  
The One

No scene in Faulkner is more compelling than the one that transpires on a “long still hot weary dead September afternoon” in Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi, toward the end of the first decade of this century. Quentin Compson sits with Miss Rosa Coldfield in a “dim airless room” still called “the office because her father called it that,” and listens to Miss Rosa tell her version of the story of the “demon” Sutpen and his plantation, Sutpen's Hundred. As she talks “in that grim haggard amazed voice”—“vanishing into and then out of the long intervals like a stream, a trickle running from patch to patch of dried sand”—the 22-year-old Mississippi youth discovers he is hearing not Miss Rosa but the voices of “two separate Quentins.” One voice is that of the “Quentin preparing for Harvard in the South, the deep South dead since 1865 and peopled with garrulous baffled ghosts.” The other voice is that of the Quentin “who was still too young to deserve yet to be a ghost, but nevertheless having to be one for all that, since he was born and bred in the deep South the same as she [Miss Rosa] was.” The two Quentins talk “to one another in the long silence of notpeople, in notlanguage: It seems that this demon—his name was Sutpen—(Colonel Sutpen)—Colonel Sutpen. Who came out of nowhere and without warning upon the land with a band of strange niggers and built a plantation”.

scholarly journals Mutations in Wheat Exhibiting Growth-Stage-Specific Resistance to Biotrophic Fungal Pathogens

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1242-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil H. Smith ◽  
John A. Howie ◽  
Anthony J. Worland ◽  
Rebecca Stratford ◽  
Lesley A. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Dominant Mutation ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
The Third ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Seedling Leaf

Two mutants were isolated in wheat that showed enhanced resistance towards Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the fungal causal agent of yellow rust. The altered phenotype of I3-48 is due to a minimum of two mutation events, each showing a partial, additive effect, with one mutation segregating with a deletion on the long arm of chromosome 4D. In the case of I3-54, the enhanced resistance is due to a single, dominant mutation. In both mutants, the expression of the enhanced resistance is growth-stage specific. With I3-54, the full resistance phenotype is apparent from the third seedling leaf onwards, while with I3-48, a full resistance phenotype is only seen on the tenth and subsequent leaves. In addition to the enhanced resistance towards yellow rust, I3-48 also shows enhanced resistance towards brown rust, and I3-54 shows enhanced resistance to powdery mildew.

scholarly journals Contributions to Marine Bionomics: III. The Systematic Features, Habits, and Respiratory Phenomena of Portumnus nasutus (Latreille)

1897 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Garstang
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
South Side ◽  
Water Spring

The crab whose habits I now describe has not previously been recorded as an inhabitant of British seas. I found two specimens, both male, imbedded in a patch of coarse shell sand on the south side of Drake's Island at low water, spring tides: one on August 11th, 1896, and the other on the following day.

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