scholarly journals Monsignor Ivan Illich's Critique of the Institutional Church, 1960–1966

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-586
Author(s):  
ROSA BRUNO-JOFRÉ ◽  
JON IGELMO ZALDÍVAR

This paper examines the process of radicalisation of Monsignor Ivan Illich during the 1960s, having as its setting Cuernavaca, Mexico – a creative, fluid space where Illich was in contact with Bishop Méndez Arceo, Erich Fromm and Gregorio Lemercier. Illich's writings and the reports from the centres led by him are placed here in context, and it is argued that his encounter with psychoanalysis in Cuernavaca shaped his critique of the Church as an institution. The radicalisation of his concept of the Church reached a high point with the publication of ‘The seamy side of charity’ and ‘The vanishing clergyman’, both in 1967.

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Pavel Èerný

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel stellt einen praktisch-theologischen Diskurs über die Präsenz und Bedeutung von Kirche und Gemeinde dar. Für viele, die am Christentum interessiert sind, gibt es unterschiedliche Hürden zu überwinden in Form einer institutionalisierten Kirche und organisierten Religion. Wir können nicht die Tatsache ausblenden, dass die Kirche keinen schmeichelhaften Ruf in unserer Gesellschaft genießt. Und das gilt nicht nur für Menschen, die sie von außen beobachten, sondern zuweilen erzeugt die bloße Existenz von Kirche und Gemeinde ein Problem für unsere individualistische Gesellschaft. Dieser Trend wurde in den 1960er und 70er Jahren gefördert, als Kirche und Gemeinde von Theologen unterschiedlicher christlicher Traditionen übersehen und abgelehnt wurden, einschließlich beispielsweise von Anhängern der Befreiungstheologie. Mitunter wurde die Gemeinde als deformierter Ausdruck einer gewissen Wesenseinheit verstanden, die eigentlich das Reich Gottes sein sollte.Jedoch misst die Lehre von Jesus in den Evangelien der Gemeinde eine durchaus bedeutende Rolle bei, und der Fokus der neutestamentlichen Briefe liegt auf Gemeindegründung und ‐bau. Trotz aller kritischen Kommentare und aller Entstellungen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart argumentiert der Autor dass das Christentum nicht ohne Kirche und Gemeinde existieren kann. Die Gemeinde ist kein Relikt aus der Vergangenheit, sondern ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Evangeliums. Wir dürfen kontextuelle Prägungen für die Gemeinde suchen, sie aber nicht insgesamt zu vermeiden suchen. Sie ist keine Erfindung von Christen, sondern sie ist die geliebte Braut von Christus, die eine wichtige Rolle im Erlösungsplan und einen entscheidenden Part bei der Auslegung der Heiligen Schrift spielt.SummaryThis article is a practical-theological discourse about the appearance and the importance of the Church. For many who are interested in Christianity, there are different obstacles in the form of the institutional Church and organised religion. We cannot avoid the fact that the Church does not have a favourable reputation in our society. Not just for people watching her from the outside, but even the mere existence of the Church sometimes creates a problem for our individualistic society. This trend was fostered in the 1960s and ‘70s when the Church was overlooked and rejected by theologians of various Christian traditions, including for example adherents of Liberation Theology. The Church was sometimes understood as a deformed expression of a certain entity that should in reality be the Kingdom of God.However, the teaching of Jesus in the Gospels gives the Church quite an important role, and the focus of the New Testament Epistles is church planting and building. In spite of all critical comments and distortions of the past and the present, I will argue that Christianity cannot exist without the Church. The Church is not a relic of the past but a substantial part of the gospel. We are allowed to seek a contextualised expression of the Church, but not to avoid her altogether. She is not an invention of Christians; she is the beloved bride of Christ that plays an important role in the plan of salvation and a crucial role in interpreting the Scriptures.RésuméCet article est un discours de théologie pratique sur la naissance et l’importance de l’Église. Bien des gens intéressés par le christianisme butent contre divers obstacles lorsqu’ils considèrent la forme de l’Église institutionnelle et de la religion organisée. On ne peut éviter le fait que l’Église n’a pas une réputation très favorable dans notre société. Non seulement c’est le cas d’observateurs extérieurs, mais la simple existence même de l’Église constitue parfois un problème dans notre société individualiste. Cette tendance est apparue dans les années soixante et soixante-dix du fait que l’Église était négligée et rejetée par des théologiens appartenant à diverses traditions, comme par exemple les tenants de la théologie de la libération. L’Église a parfois été considérée comme une expression déformée d’une certaine entité qui devrait en réalité être le Royaume de Dieu.Cependant, l’enseignement de Jésus dans les évangiles attribue à l’Église un rôle important et les épîtres du Nouveau Testament se concentrent sur l’implantation et l’édification d’Églises. Malgré toutes les critiques négatives et les distorsions du passé et du présent, je soutiens que le christianisme n’existe pas sans l’Église. L’Église n’est pas une relique du passé mais elle fait partie intégrante de l’Évangile. Il est permis de rechercher une expression contextualisée de l’Église, mais pas de renoncer à l’Église. Elle n’est pas une invention des chrétiens ; elle est l’épouse bien-aimée de Christ, elle joue un rôle important dans le plan du salut et a une fonction cruciale d’interprétation de l’Écriture.


Author(s):  
Sam Brewitt-Taylor

This chapter outlines three examples of how secular theology was put into practice in the 1960s: Nick Stacey’s innovations in the parish of Woolwich; the radicalization of the ‘Parish and People’ organization; and the radicalization of Britain’s Student Christian Movement, which during the 1950s was the largest student religious organization in the country. The chapter argues that secular theology contained an inherent dynamic of ever-increasing radicalization, which irresistibly propelled its adherents from the ecclesiastical radicalism of the early 1960s to the more secular Christian radicalism of the late 1960s. Secular theology promised that the reunification of the church and the world would produce nothing less than the transformative healing of society. As the 1960s went on, this vision pushed radical Christian leaders to sacrifice more and more of their ecclesiastical culture as they pursued their goal of social transformation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Florian Mazel

Dominique Iogna-Prat’s latest book, Cité de Dieu, cité des hommes. L’Église et l’architecture de la société, 1200–1500, follows on both intellectually and chronologically from La Maison Dieu. Une histoire monumentale de l’Église au Moyen Âge (v. 800–v. 1200). It presents an essay on the emergence of the town as a symbolic and political figure of society (the “city of man”) between 1200 and 1700, and on the effects of this development on the Church, which had held this function before 1200. This feeds into an ambitious reflection on the origins of modernity, seeking to move beyond the impasse of political philosophy—too quick to ignore the medieval centuries and the Scholastic moment—and to relativize the effacement of the institutional Church from the Renaissance on. In so doing, it rejects the binary opposition between the Church and the state, proposes a new periodization of the “transition to modernity,” and underlines the importance of spatial issues (mainly in terms of representation). This last element inscribes the book in the current of French historiography that for more than a decade has sought to reintroduce the question of space at the heart of social and political history. Iogna-Prat’s stimulating demonstration nevertheless raises some questions, notably relating to the effects of the Protestant Reformation, the increasing power of states, and the process of “secularization.” Above all, it raises the issue of how a logic of the polarization of space was articulated with one of territorialization in the practices of government and the structuring of society—two logics that were promoted by the ecclesial institution even before states themselves.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
João Luís Marques

Since the 1960s, the artistic and architectural interventions carried out in the church of Santa Isabel and Rato Chapel, in Lisbon, brought to the debate the overlap of different narratives in these two different spaces of worship: the first, is a parish church preserved by the earthquake of Lisbon (1755), which had its liturgical space redesigned before the Second Vatican Council; the second, is a private chapel annexed to a 18th century palace that became a symbolic worship space for students and engaged young professionals since the 1970s. Enriched with the work of either well-known artists or, sometimes, anonymous architects, the two case studies show us the life of monuments, where Modern and Contemporary Art and Architecture participate in preserving and enhancing their cultural value. At the same time, the liturgical and pastoral activities are shown to be the engine behind successive interventions.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Van Aarde

The missional church is a new consciousness which has been raised for the missionary sending of the church in the West to be a witness for the Kingdom of God in its own context. The missional church has returned mission to the centre of ecclesiology. A structural functioning of the missional church and its relation to existing church structures are essential to rescue the missional church from simply becoming the latest fad. The present missional church conversation in advocating for an organic church structure undermines existing institutional church structures. A dynamic functioning church structure in which the inward and outward dimensions of the church�s single ecclesiological structure are able to function in a cohesive unity is set out in Ephesians. The function of the gifted persons in the task of equipping of the believers to fulfil their missional calling, vocation and function is paramount to the healthy integration of the missional church model in existing mission and church paradigms and for it to function within the framework of existing church structures.Interdisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article suggests that a dynamic unity exists between the ecclesiology of the church and missional structure and function of the church. The article explores interdisciplinary implications from the fields of the New Testament and missiology.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Raymond Downing

ABSTRACT Fifty years ago, Ivan Illich – then a trainer of missionaries – declared that the Church should withdraw from its current role in third world development and focus instead on “the annunciation of the gospel.” This would be the church's “contribution to development which could not be made by any other institution.” Since then church institutions have instead greatly expanded their role in relief and development. This article examines why we need to listen to Illich.


2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Andrew Atherstone

The twenty-five theological colleges of the Church of England entered the 1960s in buoyant mood. Rooms were full, finances were steadily improving, expansion seemed inevitable. For four years in succession, from 1961 to 1964, ordinations exceeded six hundred a year, for the first time since before the First World War, and the peak was expected to rise still higher. In a famously misleading report, the sociologist Leslie Paul predicted that at a ‘conservative estimate’ there would be more than eight hundred ordinations a year by the 1970s. In fact, the opposite occurred. The boom was followed by bust, and the early 1970s saw ordinations dip below four hundred. The dramatic plunge in the number of candidates offering themselves for Anglican ministry devastated the theological colleges. Many began running at a loss and faced imminent bankruptcy. In desperation the central Church authorities set about closing or merging colleges, but even their ruthless cutbacks could not keep pace with the fall in ordinands.


Author(s):  
Mark Newman

Recollections from former students often present a positive appreciation of black Catholic schools primarily for their educational quality but also, in many cases, for their emphasis on self-worth and also, occasionally, on black culture and heritage. African American Catholics valued black schools and churches as religious and community institutions. Prelates generally sought to achieve desegregation by closing or downgrading black Catholic institutions. African American Catholics differed in their response. While some black Catholics reluctantly accepted such action as a necessary price for desegregation, others opposed these measures, upset by the one-sided nature of Catholic desegregation and inspired by the rise of black con consciousness in the second half of the 1960s. Some disillusioned African Americans, especially younger Catholics, left the church.


2018 ◽  
pp. 95-124
Author(s):  
Donald Westbrook

This chapter introduces features of Scientology’s systematic theology as developed in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1959, L. Ron Hubbard established a headquarters at Saint Hill Manor in East Grinstead, England. This location became the international base of Scientology until the founding of the Sea Organization in 1967. The Saint Hill period was instrumental in the intellectual development of Scientology. During these years, Hubbard systematized Scientology’s educational methodology (Study Technology), theology of sin (overts and withholds), theology of evil (suppressive persons), and standards of orthodoxy and orthopraxy (“Keeping Scientology Working” or KSW). KSW serves to legitimate Dianetics and Scientology within the church because it self-referentially dictates that Hubbard’s “technologies” provide mental and spiritual benefits only insofar as they are uniformly understood, applied, and perpetuated by others.


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