The Church, the City, and Modernity

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Florian Mazel
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political History ◽  
The State ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Institutional Church ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church ◽  
Political Figure

Dominique Iogna-Prat’s latest book, Cité de Dieu, cité des hommes. L’Église et l’architecture de la société, 1200–1500, follows on both intellectually and chronologically from La Maison Dieu. Une histoire monumentale de l’Église au Moyen Âge (v. 800–v. 1200). It presents an essay on the emergence of the town as a symbolic and political figure of society (the “city of man”) between 1200 and 1700, and on the effects of this development on the Church, which had held this function before 1200. This feeds into an ambitious reflection on the origins of modernity, seeking to move beyond the impasse of political philosophy—too quick to ignore the medieval centuries and the Scholastic moment—and to relativize the effacement of the institutional Church from the Renaissance on. In so doing, it rejects the binary opposition between the Church and the state, proposes a new periodization of the “transition to modernity,” and underlines the importance of spatial issues (mainly in terms of representation). This last element inscribes the book in the current of French historiography that for more than a decade has sought to reintroduce the question of space at the heart of social and political history. Iogna-Prat’s stimulating demonstration nevertheless raises some questions, notably relating to the effects of the Protestant Reformation, the increasing power of states, and the process of “secularization.” Above all, it raises the issue of how a logic of the polarization of space was articulated with one of territorialization in the practices of government and the structuring of society—two logics that were promoted by the ecclesial institution even before states themselves.

scholarly journals Law and the Protestant Reformation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Witte
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Ius Commune ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Power Property ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Church

The sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation revolutionized not only theology and the Church, but also law and the state. Though divided into Lutheran, Anabaptist, Anglican, and Calvinist branches, the Reformation collectively broke the international rule of the medieval Church and its canon law, and permanently splintered Western Christendom into competing nations and regions. The Reformation also triggered a massive shift of power, property, and prerogative from the Church to the state. Protestant states now assumed new jurisdiction over numerous subjects and persons, and they gave new legal form to Protestant teachings. But these new Protestant laws also drew heavily on the medieval ius commune as well as on earlier biblical and Roman jurisprudence. This chapter analyses the new Protestant legal syntheses, with attention to the new laws of Church–state relations, religious and civil freedom, marriage and family law, education law, social welfare law, and accompanying changes in legal and political philosophy.

scholarly journals “Der Klagen über das verdorbene Christenthum” : Om interessekonflikter og censurprocedure vedrørende oversættelsen af et teologisk skrift i 1739

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Practical Consideration ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church ◽  
Personal Interests

Jesper Jakobsen: Censorship of “Der Klagen über das verdorbene Christenthum”.   In the summer of 1739, the manuscript of a Danish translation of Philip Jacob Spener’s (1635–1705) anti-separatist polemical text, Der Klagen über das verdorbene Christenthum, was submitted to the General Church Inspection Committee (Committee of the Church) that, according to laws then in effect, was to decide whether it could be published. During the 1730s, Spener’s “Halle” evangelical exegesis of pietism was elevated almost to the level of a State religion in Denmark and the Committee of the Church endeavoured to disseminate it. The translation had, as required, previously been scrutinised and approved by the bishop in Viborg, the town in which the translator, Johannes Treschow (1691–1751), lived. The Committee of the Church would not, however, allow the translation to be published without reservations, and the article examines the factors and agendas underlying the reserved opinion.   The article is based on the case documents stored in the archives in the Committee of the Church, the Faculty of Theology and the Diocese of Viborg.   The case confirms the general perception among Danish historians that the bishops’ role in the censorship process was to relieve the censorship authorities in Copenhagen. Bishop Andreas Wøldike’s (1687–1770) correspondence with the Committee of the Church provides evidence that he had read the document thoroughly before he sent the manuscript to Copenhagen. However, Wøldike also had personal interests at stake in the case. His ill-concealed enthusiasm for the translation of Spener’s text was connected partly to the fact that he knew the translator personally and partly to the fact that he, by promoting a text by Spener, could improve his relationship with the Church’s highest authorities, since he previously had been ambiguous in his attitude towards pietism.   The Committee of the Church’s reservations relative to the translation were not based on theological disagreements but on the practical consideration that the Viborg diocese had quite recently been witness to separatist unrest. The Committee of the Church, out of fear of new unrest, would probably have preferred to do without the text altogether, but it could not ban a text by a theologian around whom, at the same time, attempts were being made to unite the church. It could, however, prohibit the translation from including the interpretations and commentaries to Spener’s intention with the text that Treschow had added. It could thereby reduce the risk of new religious conflicts and best serve the interests of the State church.  

scholarly journals Golem i Lewiatan. Judaistyczne źródła teologii politycznej Thomasa Hobbesa

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2(59)) ◽  
pp. 207-232
Author(s):  
Tomasz Tulejski ◽  
Arnold Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
The State ◽  
Rabbinic Judaism ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Church

Golem and Leviathan: Judaic Sources of Thomas Hobbes’s Political Theology In the article, the Authors point out that Hobbes’s political philosophy (and in fact theology) in the heterodox layer is inspired not only by Judeo-Christianity, but also by rabbinic Judaism. According to them, only adopting such a Judaic and in a sense syncretistic perspective enabled Hobbes to come to such radical conclusions, hostile towards the Catholic and Calvinist conceptions of the state and the Church. In their argument they focused on three elements that are most important for Hobbesian concept of sovereignty: the covenant between YHWH and the Chosen People, the concept of the Kingdom of God, salvation and the afterlife, and the concept of a messiah.

scholarly journals Il Castello di “Carta”. Excursus della presenza del castello di Gallipoli nella cartografia storica

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Quarta
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
The State ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Over Time

The Castle of "paper". Excursus of Gallipoli’s castle presence in historical cartographyThe castle is located at the eastern part of the Gallipoli’s old town: the first data in archives and libraries started from the sixth century under the mention of castrum and in the following centuries there are many informations on parchments, written documents and bibliography published until today. The Syllabus Grecarum Membranarum from the twelfth century and the Statutum de reparatione castrorum of Frederick II are two precious sources about the primitive castle’s architecture.The structure endured the passage of the Byzantines, Normans, Swabians, Angevins and again, Aragonese, Venetians, Spaniards, Austrians and finally the Bourbons, until it became property of the State and now of the Gallipoli’s municipality. It has suffered over time numerous interventions to adapt it to new military needs: the castle was no longer effective with leading defence from new siege weapons, as for other architectures of the same period.The numerous representations preserved in Italian and European archives give a complete picture of the Gallipoli’s urban development and include the defensive system of the city: the different views illustrate the walls and allow us to understand the castle’s main evolutionary dynamics and its connection with the town.

scholarly journals Urban plan of Uzice from 1863 by Emanuel Sefel: From oriental to European urban planning

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Dusko Kuzovic ◽  
Nedeljko Stojnic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
The State ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Plan ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The City of Uzice had 2490 inhabitants in mid 1862. Following the order of the state administration that every city must have an urban plan, firstly a Geodetic plan of the current state of the city center was made and based on it, in May 1863 the first urban plan proposal (author Emanuel Sefel) appeared. The Ministry of Internal Affairs, because of a large number of complaints of the population and of a short period time available to make changes to the plan sent the engineers Joseph Vesely and Joseph Klinar to Uzice so that they could assist. The second urban plan proposal was completed towards the end of 1863. The first urban plan of Uzice transformed the town, previously fully regulated by oriental principles, into a city organized according to European urban principles. The plan was effective from 1871 to 1891.

The Church of Ireland: a critical bibliography, 1536–1992 Part I: 1536–1603

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (112) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
James Murray
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
Church Of Ireland ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Church

One of the things which has united historians across the generations when writing about the Reformation in its Tudor Irish context is the conviction that the state was ultimately unsuccessful in securing the allegiance of the indigenous population to its religious dictates. Where this agreement has broken down, and continues to break down, is in the significance attached to the Tudor state’s failure, and in determining precisely when it became apparent.Until the end of the 1960s most examinations of sixteenth-century Ireland identified the Tudor failure as being synonymous with the practical and absolute failure of the Protestant Reformation. These studies were generally characterised by a partipris approach and by their employment of an interlinked and deterministic vision to explain this failure. Echoing the observations of contemporaries like Archbishop Loftus of Dublin, who spoke of the Irish people’s ‘disposition to popery’, writers of all religious persuasions saw the Reformation’s failure as an inevitable consequence of the inherently conservative character of the island’s inhabitants.

A Lament on the Death of John of Legnano

1972 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 180-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Joseph Schork ◽  
John P. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

When John of Legnano died in Bologna on 16 February 1383, the University lost an esteemed professor and the city one of its best loved leaders. Born in Milan and educated at Bologna, Legnano became well known as a professor of canon law at the University and a man of wide learning, loyal both to the Church and to the city which adopted him. His writings were numerous, ranging from standard legal commentaries and tracts to treatises on theology, moral and political philosophy, astronomy, and optics. His broadest reputation, however, came from the authorship of De Fletu Ecclesiae (1378-1380), a series of arguments defending the validity of Urban VI's election at the outbreak of the Great Western Schism. Through this work he became the chief spokesman for the Italian Pope on a politicalecclesiastical question which concerned every state in Europe.

scholarly journals "Golden Dawn" of the Kyiv Metropolis and the leading tendencies of confessionalization of the Ukrainian church-religious environment in the first half of the XVII century

2013 ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Mykola Shkriblyak
Keyword(s):  
Local Church ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
Political Figure

Actualization of the study of the phenomenon of the "golden age" of the Kyiv Metropolis is due to many factors, the key place of which is the idea of ​​national-religious self-identification of Ukrainians at the present stage of state-building and development of the Ukrainian nation. This complex task is inextricably linked with the idea of ​​sovereignty and unity of the state, which is one of the important prerequisites for the proclamation of the autocephalous structure and territoriality of the church, and therefore requires not only theoretical substantiation but also the search for historical and title models of its realization, one of which is the idea Ukrainian Patriarchate as a Local Church. This idea, left to us by inheritance as a great devotee of faith and piety, is a church-religious and political figure, a scientist and theologian, the first-priest of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Peter Mogila, and still remains unrealized to this day.

scholarly journals Diocesan Codices Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The 'Codex of Gjirokastër' (S. Albania)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Giakoumis
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Local History ◽  
The State ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Ecclesiastical Administration ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

The present paper presents a first set of conclusions drawn from the study of the “Codex of Gjirokastër”. Compiled upon the accession of Bishop Dositheos of Dryinoupolis and Gjirokastër, the codex extends from 1760 to 1858, namely well beyond the end of his prelacy (1760-1799). Kept in the Metropolis of Gjirokastër until shortly before the Italian bombardment of the city, the codex was transferred to Tirana. Previously thought to be lost, it is now held in the Archives of the State, under the classification number F. 139, D. 2. It is written in Greek, the official language of the Church at that period, and records several documents that reflect the competences and privileges that Christian prelates enjoyed at least in issues of ecclesiastical administration and civil law. The focus here is first on the role of laymen in the accession of Bishop Dositheos in the Diocese of Dryinoupolis, then on the issue of divorces in the regions of Gjirokastër between 1786 and 1858. Placing the “Codex of Dositheos” in its context, the study underlines the importance of diocesan codices as documents of religious, cultural, social, economic, educational, administrational and juridical history.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF THE PRE-REGULAR SPATIAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF THE TOWN OF TOTMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Alena V. SIDOROVA
Keyword(s):  
The Creation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church

The article is devoted to the pre-regular period of evolution of the planning structure of the town of Totma in the period from the second half of the XV to the beginning of the XIX century. Based on the sources, the main prerequisites and factors for the formation of a pre-regular town layout are considered, and the main stages are highlighted. The emergence and development of the city’s religious centers and the features of the pre-regional planting structure in accordance with the gradual formation of the city’s territory have been analyzed. The characteristic features of the architecture of the church complexes of the city and the creation of a panorama at diff erent stages of the existence of the city of Totma have been studied. The panoramas of the city from the river, the staging of the city’s temples on the relief are analyzed.

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