scholarly journals Razorbacks, Ticky Cows, and the Closing of the Georgia Open Range: The Dynamics of Institutional Change Uncovered

1991 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Everett Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
Closed Range ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Distributional Conflicts

This article attempts to explain why the adoption of potentially productive institutions is delayed and why inefficient ones persist by exploring the dynamics of institutional change in a particular historical case—the closing of the Georgia open range in the late nineteenth century. A closed range policy would have generated net benefits for specific regions of Georgia, but distributional conflicts, coupled with high transaction costs, made a voluntary agreement to do that unattainable. The article describes the Georgia legislature's important role in facilitating the adoption of a policy that led to more rapid agricultural development in the postbellum period.

On Being in Time: Modern African Elites and the Historical Challenge to Claims for Alternative and Multiple Modernities

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Dlamini
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Alternative Modernities ◽  
Multiple Modernities ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter examines the ways in which African elites define their relation to the Europe with which they were confronted by the settlers in both appreciative and combative terms. It considers how scholars might use the idea of temporality — identified by both C. A. Bayly and Peter Wagner as being central to a subject's experience of modernity — to engage critically in debates about what Shmuel Eisenstadt has called ‘multiple modernities’ and Dilip Gaonkar has referred to as ‘alternative modernities’. Drawing on a specific historical case, involving a group of Christianised African elites in colonial South Africa from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, the chapter demonstrates the importance of temporality as a dimension of what it meant to be modern.

scholarly journals Interwar Japan, Institutional Change, and the Choice of Austerity

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
World War I ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth

AbstractIn interwar Japan the gold standard became conflated with austerity but, historically, there had been no such connection in Japan. Nineteenth and twentieth century British rhetoric made the gold standard an adjunct of deflation, but that was a British fixation, not Japanese. In addition to being highly political, this late-nineteenth century understanding and use of the gold standard was based on, and promoted, expansionary monetary policy and long-term development. In the interwar period this changed. Japanese governments chose austerity under the guise of complying with international rules and standards and turned the expansionary gold standard of the pre-World War I years into a deflationary system of austerity, depression, and, ultimately, nationalist reaction.

Mortgage Rates and American Capital Market Development in the Late Nineteenth Century

1987 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Regional Pattern ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Mortgage Rates ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Substantial regional differentials in mortgage rates persisted throughout the postbellum period. I find that these differentials reflected not only variations in lending risk, but also the costs incurred in transferring funds between markets and unexplained regional premia. The results are consistent with the traditional interpretation that capital markets were at least partially segmented throughout the late nineteenth century. The effects on home and farm mortgage rates in the South and West were substantial and suggest that market segmentation could have had a substantial impact on the regional pattern of urbanization as well as agricultural development.

scholarly journals Agrarian Nationalism or “Imperial” Science? “El Sabio” Moisés S. Bertoni and Paraguayan Agricultural Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-222
Author(s):  
Robert Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Paraguayan War

As a contribution to recent discourse over the practice of natural science in Latin America’s liberal years, this paper examines Swiss-born botanist Moisés S. Bertoni’s place in Paraguay’s agricultural development following the Paraguayan War (1864-70). The war forced leaders in a devastated Paraguay to promote the immigration of European scientific experts and farmers, with the expectation that their knowledge of modern agricultural science and practice would revitalize the nation’s agriculture and lift Paraguay out of its poverty. From the late nineteenth century Bertoni’s work and knowledge of Paraguay’s tropical and semi-tropical climate and botany shaped much of Paraguayan agricultural policy and practice. And while his contributions were influential in understanding the nation’s environment and agriculture, what is unclear is how much his approach was the product of deliberate introduction of European agricultural science or the result of autochthonous experience and his own trial and error.

The long intervention: continuity in the Balkan theatre

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1169-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN L. WOODWARD
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Nearly Continuous

AbstractGreat Power intervention in the Balkans since the late nineteenth century shows a striking continuity in motivations, methods, and consequences. The article proposes that current intervention practices are largely a response to the Balkan theatre in the 1990s and thus institutionalise this continuity more than arguments about normative and institutional change since 1990 suggest. Three continuities are emphasised: the concept of a ‘turbulent frontier’ to explain an unintended dynamic of nearly continuous intervention, the importance of local actors' interests (the pull of intervention) alongside those of major power interests (the push), and the primary influence on domestic orders and cause of the ‘turbulence’ of economic relations.

Contents of Western Sociology of Religion as a Science and Educational Discipline

2002 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Sociology of religion in the West is a field of knowledge with at least 100 years of history. As a science and as a discipline, the sociology of religion has been developing in most Western universities since the late nineteenth century, having established traditions, forming well-known schools, areas related to the names of famous scholars. The total number of researchers of religion abroad has never been counted, but there are more than a thousand different centers, universities, colleges where religion is taught and studied. If we assume that each of them has an average of 10 religious scholars, theologians, then the army of scholars of religion is amazing. Most of them are united in representative associations of researchers of religion, which have a clear sociological color. Among them are the most famous International Society for the Sociology of Religion (ISSR) and the Society for Scientific Study of Religion (SSSR).

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