scholarly journals The Measure of Man and Older Age Mortality: Evidence from the Gould Sample

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
DORA L. COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
White Men ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Civil War Soldiers ◽  
Over Time

This article documents differences in body size between white, black, and Indian mid-nineteenth-century American men and investigates the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of frame size using a unique data set of Civil War soldiers. It finds that over time men have grown taller and heavier and have relatively less abdominal fat, implying that “modern” chronic diseases such as ischemic heart disease were common in the past. Changes in frame size explain almost half of the mortality decline among white men between 1914 and 1988 and predict even sharper declines in older age mortality between 1988 and 2022.

Marketplace Lending, Information Aggregation, and Liquidity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Franks ◽  
Nicolas Serrano-Velarde ◽  
Oren Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Information Aggregation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Information Efficiency ◽  
Liquidity Shocks ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Retail Investors ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Lending marketplaces aimed at directly connecting retail lenders and borrowers retreat from auctions and, instead, set prices and allocate credit on their own, despite evidence that retail investors possess valuable soft and nonstandard information. We investigate this puzzle by analyzing a unique data set of 7,455 auctions and 34 million bids from a leading British peer-to-business platform. We find that the platform was vulnerable to liquidity shocks, resulting in sizable deviations from information efficiency. Deviations increased over time because of a growing role played by noncrowd players, particularly large investors and algorithms.

scholarly journals How COVID-19 Have Changed Crowdfunding: Evidence From GoFundMe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junda Wang ◽  
Xupin Zhang ◽  
Jiebo Luo
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

While the long-term effects of COVID-19 are yet to be determined, its immediate impact on crowdfunding is nonetheless significant. This study takes a computational approach to more deeply comprehend this change. Using a unique data set of all the campaigns published over the past two years on GoFundMe, we explore the factors that have led to the successful funding of a crowdfunding project. In particular, we study a corpus of crowdfunded projects, analyzing cover images and other variables commonly present on crowdfunding sites. Furthermore, we construct a classifier and a regression model to assess the significance of features based on XGBoost. In addition, we employ counterfactual analysis to investigate the causality between features and the success of crowdfunding. More importantly, sentiment analysis and the paired sample t-test are performed to examine the differences in crowdfunding campaigns before and after the COVID-19 outbreak that started in March 2020. First, we note that there is significant racial disparity in crowdfunding success. Second, we find that sad emotion expressed through the campaign's description became significant after the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering all these factors, our findings shed light on the impact of COVID-19 on crowdfunding campaigns.

scholarly journals Confidence Calibration in a Multi-year Geopolitical Forecasting Competition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don A Moore
Keyword(s):  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Confidence Calibration ◽  
And Training ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Good Calibration

This research examines the development of confidence and accuracy over time in the context of forecasting. Although overconfidence has been studied in many contexts, little research examines its progression over long periods of time or in consequential policy domains. This study employs a unique data set from a geopolitical forecasting tournament spanning three years in which thousands of forecasters predicted the outcomes of hundreds of events. We sought to apply insights from research to structure the questions, interactions, and elicitations to improve forecasts. Indeed, forecasters’ confidence roughly matched their accuracy. As information came in, accuracy increased. Confidence increased at approximately the same rate as accuracy, and good calibration persisted. Nevertheless, there was evidence of a small amount of overconfidence (3%), especially on the most confident forecasts. Training helped reduce overconfidence and team collaboration improved forecast accuracy. Together, teams and training reduced overconfidence to 1%. Our results provide reason for tempered optimism regarding confidence calibration and its development over time in consequential field contexts.

Confidence calibration in a multi-year geopolitical forecasting competition (CAC)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don A Moore ◽  
Elizabeth R. Tenney
Keyword(s):  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Confidence Calibration ◽  
And Training ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Good Calibration

This research examines the development of confidence and accuracy over time in the context of forecasting. Although overconfidence has been studied in many contexts, little research examines its progression over long periods of time or in consequential policy domains. This study employs a unique data set from a geopolitical forecasting tournament spanning three years in which thousands of forecasters predicted the outcomes of hundreds of events. We sought to apply insights from research to structure the questions, interactions, and elicitations to improve forecasts. Indeed, forecasters’ confidence roughly matched their accuracy. As information came in, accuracy increased. Confidence increased at approximately the same rate as accuracy, and good calibration persisted. Nevertheless, there was evidence of a small amount of overconfidence (3%), especially on the most confident forecasts. Training helped reduce overconfidence and team collaboration improved forecast accuracy. Together, teams and training reduced overconfidence to 1%. Our results provide reason for tempered optimism regarding confidence calibration and its development over time in consequential field contexts.

Suicidal behaviours in vulnerable adolescents

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Fombonne
Keyword(s):  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secular Increase ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundSuicide rates have increased over the past three decades, especially in young men. Depression, conduct disorder, crime and substance misuse have also increased. This study tested hypotheses on the possible links between the secular increase in the rates of these behaviours.MethodA data set on 6091 subjects aged 8–18 years (58.4% boys) referred to psychiatric services over & 21-year period (1970–1990) was used. & detailed analysis of & random sample of 80 case notes was conducted.ResultsSuicidal behaviours increased significantly among pubertal male adolescents only (n=1313). In this sub-sample, substance misuse accounted for the increase over time. The rates of both suicidal behaviours and of substance misuse almost doubled between 1979 and 1990 in this patient group. The case note analysis showed that solvent and alcohol misuse had also increased over the study period. Moreover, among the subjects misusing substances, alcohol was the only substance with & strong and positive association with suicidal behaviours. Substance misuse pre-dated suicidal behaviours in most patients.ConclusionsA link has been found between the increase over time of suicidal behaviours in adolescent boys and & contemporaneous increase in substance misuse. The strength and direction of the association suggests that alcohol misuse is the causal factor.

scholarly journals The The Shift in Firms’ Reliance on Debt Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Tu Cam Ho
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Bank Debt ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Private Placement ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Over Time

Structural changes in capital market and information innovations have altered characteristics of debt sources, make them more or less favourable to firms. This could possibly lead to a shift in firms' reliance on debt sources. Using a unique data set of debt mix of 1,100 U.S. non-financial firms, I conduct data analysis to reveal changes in firms' preference for different debt sources over a decade from 2004 to 2014. I find that bank debt remains the most common source of borrowing, followed by public debt and finally private placement debt. In addition, over time, firms have become more reliant on bank and public debt while less reliant on private placement debt. This pattern is consistent across different industries.  

scholarly journals Wages of Information Technology Professionals - A Czech and Slovak Republic Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Luboš Marek ◽  
Petr Doucek ◽  
Lea Nedomová
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Information Technology Professionals ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: The objective of this article is to compare the trend in wages of ICT Professionals in the Czech and Slovak economies during the past two decades. Methodology/Approach: The input data set for ICT Professionals was relatively large - over 2.2 million (of which ICT represented over 60 thousand) in the Czech Republic and 1.1 million (of which ICT represented over 24 thousand) in the Slovak Republic. For the purposes of presented analyses, we used basic statistical methods and characteristics. Findings: We can make the following general conclusions based on our analyses: all analyzed wage characteristics increased over time, with the exception of the economic crisis during 2009-2014 when they stagnate. Research Limitation/Implication: Our data include outliers, especially wages above EUR 4,000. However, these wages, which are relatively rare, significantly influence the total volume of wages. Originality/Value of paper: Analysis of our data offers information about development of average real wages in ICT oriented jobs. There can be found analysis of wages in all sectors in literature. Analysis of ICT Professionals wages is rarely published in journals.

scholarly journals The Implications of Offering Free Versions for the Performance of Paid Mobile Apps

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Arora ◽  
Frenkel ter Hofstede ◽  
Vijay Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
App Development

The mobile application (app) industry has grown tremendously over the past ten years, primarily fueled by small app development businesses. Lacking advertising budgets, these small and relatively unknown businesses often offer free versions of their paid apps to be noticed in the crowded app industry and to reduce customer uncertainty about app quality and fit. The authors build on the existing marketing and information systems literature on sampling and versioning to investigate the implications of offering free versions for the adoption speed of paid apps. Using a unique data set of 7.7 million observations from 12,315 paid apps, and accounting for endogeneity, the authors find that although the practice of offering free versions of paid apps is popular, it is negatively associated with paid app adoption speed. They also find that this negative association between free version presence and paid app adoption speed is stronger both for hedonic apps and in the later life stages of paid apps. The authors hope that the study's results will encourage app developers to reevaluate their current strategy of offering free versions of paid apps and prompt academics to produce more work focusing on this industry.

The Dynamics of Advice Giving by Venture Capital Firms: Antecedents of Managerial Cognitive Effort

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1660-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta Bacon-Gerasymenko ◽  
J. P. Eggers
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advice Giving ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Venture Capital Firms ◽  
Empirical Tests

This study investigates what leads managers to allocate constrained cognitive effort toward new versus familiar aspects of a business. Specifically, we explore advice giving by venture capital firms (VCs) to their portfolio companies, distinguishing between business topics on which a VC has advised other ventures in the past and topics new to the VC that may be outside its areas of expertise. We use both demand-side (venture-driven) and supply-side (VC-driven) perspectives to offer a novel theory about the antecedents of cognitive effort underlying advice giving. Empirical tests in a unique data set of French VCs show that both perspectives explain important aspects of advice-giving dynamics for VCs. VCs facing dynamic environments and capacity constraints strongly respond to stimuli from ventures, but VCs also adjust their behavior as they accumulate experience in ways that reflect both expanding confidence in their ability to add value and concerns about overextension of their efforts, depending on the valence of VC experience. Our findings provide important insights to the antecedents of cognitive effort and to research on the VC–venture relationship by exploring the dynamics of how advice-giving relationships evolve over time as VCs gain experience.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telesca Giuseppe
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Over Time

The ambition of this book is to combine different bodies of scholarship that in the past have been interested in (1) providing social/structural analysis of financial elites, (2) measuring their influence, or (3) exploring their degree of persistence/circulation. The final goal of the volume is to investigate the adjustment of financial elites to institutional change, and to assess financial elites’ contribution to institutional change. To reach this goal, the nine chapters of the book introduced here look at financial elites’ role in different European societies and markets over time, and provide historical comparisons and country and cross-country analysis of their adaptation and contribution to the transformation of the national and international regulatory/cultural context in the wake of a crisis or in a longer term perspective.

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