Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telesca Giuseppe
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Over Time

The ambition of this book is to combine different bodies of scholarship that in the past have been interested in (1) providing social/structural analysis of financial elites, (2) measuring their influence, or (3) exploring their degree of persistence/circulation. The final goal of the volume is to investigate the adjustment of financial elites to institutional change, and to assess financial elites’ contribution to institutional change. To reach this goal, the nine chapters of the book introduced here look at financial elites’ role in different European societies and markets over time, and provide historical comparisons and country and cross-country analysis of their adaptation and contribution to the transformation of the national and international regulatory/cultural context in the wake of a crisis or in a longer term perspective.

Book Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-704
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
European Banking ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Over Time

Kim Oosterlinck of Université Libre de Bruxelles reviews “Financial Elites and European Banking: Historical Perspectives,” edited by Youssef Cassis and Giuseppe Telesca. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Nine papers look at the role of financial elites in different European societies and markets over time, providing historical comparisons and cross-country analysis of their adaptation and contribution to the transformation of the national and international regulatory/cultural context in the wake of a crisis in a long-term perspective.”

scholarly journals A Cross-Country Comparison of Dynamics in the Large Firm Wage Premium

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Colonnelli ◽  
Joacim Tåg ◽  
Michael Webb ◽  
Stefanie Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Large Firm ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Industry Trends ◽  
Over Time

We provide stylized facts on the existence and dynamics over time of the large firm wage premium for four countries. We examine matched employer-employee micro-data from Brazil, Germany, Sweden, and the UK, and find that the large firm premium exists in all these countries. However, we uncover substantial differences among them in the evolution of the wage premium over the past several decades. Moreover, we find no clear evidence of common cross-country industry trends. We conclude by discussing potential explanations for this heterogeneity, and proposing some questions for future work in the area.

scholarly journals Remembering for our Future: Affirming the Religious Education Tradition as a Guide for the Religious Education Movement

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Horell
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Field Mapping ◽  
Education Movement ◽  
Religious Educators ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Over Time

This article addresses doubts about the viability, and hence future, of religious education. The researcher utilized structural analysis based on the questions: What central concepts and commitments have provided structure for the field of religious education as it has developed over time? How have social and cultural factors and changes in social and cultural context shaped the ways the structuring concepts and commitments of religious education have been embraced? To what extent can an understanding of the structuring concepts and commitments of the field enable us to make sense of the contemporary doubts about religious education? Additionally, the methodology of field mapping was used to map the models and approaches to religious education that have developed over time. The researcher found, and these findings are presented in this article, that structural analysis informed by field mapping can enable us to understand both the strengths and limitations of contemporary religious education. The researcher concluded that, based on a structural analysis of the field, religious educators can and should respond to the present crisis in religious education by defining the purpose and scope of religious education more clearly. The analysis in the final section of this article is based on that conclusion.

scholarly journals MULTILEVEL RELATIONS BETWEEN EXTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY, INTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY, AND MATH ACHIEVEMENT: A CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-332
Author(s):  
Pilnam Yi ◽  
In-soo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Educational Equity ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Internal Accountability ◽  
External Accountability

External accountability policies have spread fast across various educational systems over the past decades. This research examines the relations of internal and external accountability with students’ math achievement drawing on PISA 2012. With a sample of 44 educational systems, of which external accountability policies were identified, the research conducted three-level hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) analyses. This research found that some internal accountability factors had tighter relations with math achievement, while the relations of external accountability policies with student performance were rather tenuous. However, equity of student math achievement was better ensured under strong accountability systems. The results suggest that policy makers of each country should consider strengths and weaknesses of external accountability in their own educational contexts. Keywords: external accountability, educational equity, internal accountability, math achievement, PISA.

scholarly journals Trends in dietary patterns and compliance with World Health Organization recommendations: a cross-country analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Mazzocchi ◽  
Cristina Brasili ◽  
Elisa Sandri
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate time patterns of compliance with nutrient goals recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).DesignA single aggregated indicator of distance from the key WHO recommendations for a healthy diet is built using FAOSTAT intake data, bounded between 0 (maximum possible distance from goals) and 1 (perfect adherence). Two hypotheses are tested for different country groupings: (1) whether adherence has improved over time; and (2) whether cross-country disparities in terms of diet healthiness have decreased.SettingOne hundred and forty-nine countries, including 26 countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and 115 developing countries (including 43 least developed countries), with yearly data over the period 1961–2002.ResultsThe Recommendation Compliance Index (RCI) shows significant improvements in adherence to WHO goals for both developing and especially OECD countries. The latter group of countries show the highest levels of the RCI and the largest increase over time, especially between 1981 and 2002. No improvement is detected for least developed countries. A reduction in disparities (convergence of the RCI) is observed only within the OECD grouping.ConclusionsAdherence to healthy eating guidelines depends on economic development. Diets are improving and converging in advanced economies, but developing and especially least developed countries are still far from meeting WHO nutrition goals. This confirms findings on the double burden of malnutrition and suggests that economic drivers are more relevant than socio-cultural factors in determining the healthiness of diets.

scholarly journals Three Different Ways to Skin a Cat: Financialization in the Emergence of National e-ID Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Eaton ◽  
Jonas Hedman ◽  
Rony Medaglia
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
The Public ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
On Line ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Societal Dimensions ◽  
Over Time

The growing phenomenon of financialization influences an array of societal dimensions that go beyond the economic realm, to include public policy-making and information technology (IT). This study presents a cross-country analysis of the emergence of national electronic identification (e-ID) solutions as the result of interaction between the financial and the public sector in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Drawing on on-line sources, documents, and interviews with key actors in the three cases, we adopt a cross-disciplinary perspective by applying the lens of collective action theory to identify the role of interests, resources, and governance in the emergence of national e-ID solutions. Findings show that different governance solutions can emerge as the result of the convergence of interests and of interdependency of resources between the actors over time. We contribute to research on financialization and IT by proposing a dialectic process model and identifying five mechanisms that drive the process forward.

scholarly journals DOES REVENUE DIVERSIFICATION STILL MATTER IN BANKING? EVIDENCE FROM A CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
SIMONE ROSSI ◽  
ALBERTO DREASSI ◽  
MARIAROSA BORRONI ◽  
ANDREA PALTRINIERI
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Revenue Diversification ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
Supervisory Practices ◽  
Over Time

Banks have been revising their business models since the financial crisis, diversifying income sources to pursue profitability and stability in a rapidly evolving environment. The effectiveness of this strategy is still debated. We investigate if revenue diversification of 1250 EU and US banks improved performance or its stability between 2008 and 2016. We adopt a broad econometric approach and define diversification as the share of non-interest revenue and the HH index of the net operating income. We find that diversification is not clearly associated with performance or its volatility, that benefits change remarkably over time and, where present, show significant variability. Our results support recent evidence on the limitations of diversification in banking, raising potential concerns on converging supervisory practices and general calls for revenue diversity. The variability of business models and the impacts of different economic and institutional environments matter.

RNA polymerase: Preparation and structural analysis of helical polymers

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
E. Loren Buhle ◽  
Pamela Rew ◽  
Ueli Aebi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Helical Polymers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ordered Arrays ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

While DNA-dependent RNA polymerase represents one of the key enzymes involved in transcription and ultimately in gene expression in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, little progress has been made towards elucidation of its 3-D structure at the molecular level over the past few years. This is mainly because to date no 3-D crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis have been obtained with this rather large (MW ~500 kd) multi-subunit (α2ββ'ζ). As an alternative, we have been trying to form ordered arrays of RNA polymerase from E. coli suitable for structural analysis in the electron microscope combined with image processing. Here we report about helical polymers induced from holoenzyme (α2ββ'ζ) at low ionic strength with 5-7 mM MnCl2 (see Fig. 1a). The presence of the ζ-subunit (MW 86 kd) is required to form these polymers, since the core enzyme (α2ββ') does fail to assemble into such structures under these conditions.

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