Experimental infection of larval Echinococcus multilocularis in the rodent brain as a model for cerebral alveolar echinococcosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sato ◽  
M. Nakao ◽  
K. Nakaya ◽  
A. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
Rodent Brain ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
The Brain

AbstractExperimental infection of larval Echinococcus multilocularis in the rodent brain was attempted to establish a murine model for cerebral alveolar echinococcosis. Balb/c mice and jirds were injected intracranially with 10% of a homogenated hydatid cyst mass. Small cystic larvae were observed macroscopically in the cranial cavity 1, 2 and 5 months post-infection in both mice and jirds. Some larval cysts from both rodents contained mature or immature protoscoleces. In mice, the laminated layer was found in the lateral ventricle 2 months post-infection but without protoscoleces. At five months post-infection, larger larval cysts were found in the cranial cavity of a mouse, which also demonstrated partial palsy of the legs. A laminated layer with mature protoscoleces was observed in the third ventricle and the mouse also harboured, in the left lung, a larval cyst containing protoscoleces surrounded by lymphocytes. Jirds were also found to be infected with metacestodes in the cranial cavity, but neither unusual behaviour nor establishment of cysts inside the brain was observed in jirds during the course of infection.

scholarly journals Combining Computed Tomography and Histology Leads to an Evolutionary Concept of Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Grimm ◽  
Annika Beck ◽  
Juliane Nell ◽  
Julian Schmidberger ◽  
Andreas Hillenbrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Progression Model ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Laminated Layer

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the intermediate stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. We aimed to correlate computed tomography (CT) data with histology to identify distinct characteristics for different lesion types. We classified 45 samples into five types with the Echinococcus multilocularis Ulm Classification for Computed Tomography (EMUC-CT). The various CT lesions exhibited significantly different histological parameters, which led us to propose a progression model. The initial lesion fit the CT type IV classification, which comprises a single necrotic area with the central located laminated layer, a larger distance between laminated layer and border zone, a small fibrotic peripheral zone, and few small particles of Echinococcus multilocularis (spems). Lesions could progress through CT types I, II, and III, characterized by shorter distances between laminated layer and border zone, more spems inside and surrounding the lesion, and a pronounced fibrotic rim (mostly in type III). Alternatively, lesions could converge to a highly calcified, regressive state (type V). Our results suggest that the CT types mark sequential stages of the infection, which progress over time. These distinct histological patterns advance the understanding of interactions between AE and human host; moreover, they might become prognostically and therapeutically relevant.

scholarly journals Brain and lung metastasis of alveolar echinococcosis in a refugee from a hyperendemic area

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1420-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Tappe ◽  
David Weise ◽  
Uwe Ziegler ◽  
Andreas Müller ◽  
Wolfgang Müllges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Hyperendemic Area ◽  
Perifocal Oedema ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
The Brain

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) of the liver with cerebral and pulmonary metastasis was diagnosed in a Tibetan monk who initially presented with severe headache to an emergency department in Germany. Multiple lesions with perifocal oedema and severe compression of the third ventricle were seen with computed tomography (CT) of the brain. Glioma or cerebral metastasis of a hitherto undiagnosed abdominal or pulmonary malignancy was suspected. CT scans of the lung and liver demonstrated further tumorous masses. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed the cystic nature of the cerebral lesions and the patient had a highly positive serology for AE. The echinococcal aetiology of the brain lesions was confirmed by PCR for this refugee from an area where two disease entities, AE and cystic echinococcosis, are hyperendemic.

scholarly journals Disseminated Alveolar Hydatid Disease Resembling a Metastatic Malignancy: A Diagnostic Challenge—A Report of Two Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Bulakci ◽  
Erdem Yilmaz ◽  
Ferhat Cengel ◽  
Ahmet Gocmez ◽  
Merve Gulbiz Kartal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Definite Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Alveolar Hydatid Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hematogenous Route

Alveolar hydatid disease or alveolar echinococcosis is a disease of the parasiteEchinococcus multilocularisthat is potentially fatal if left untreated. It primarily involves the liver but can be disseminated to other organs like the lungs and the brain by hematogenous route. Multiorgan involvement and the aggressive appearance of lesions make alveolar hydatid disease easy to confuse with a metastatic malignancy. For this reason, histopathological confirmation is essential for definite diagnosis. We present the imaging features of this disease in two patients in order to emphasize that these lesions can be easily misdiagnosed as malignancies.

Surgical treatment of alveolar echinococcosis: a single centre experience and systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Single Centre Experience ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures

Introduction: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. AE is primarily localised in the liver. Echinococcus multilocularis imitates tumour-like behaviour. It can metastasise through blood or lymphatic system to distant organs. Echinococcosis often remains asymptomatic due to its long incubation period and indistinct symptoms. Clinical symptoms are determined by the parasite’s location. Diagnosis of echinococcosis is based on medical history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, serology results, imaging methods and final histology findings. Surgical removal of the cyst with a safety margin, followed by chemotherapy is the therapeutic method of choice. Case report: We present a case report of alveolar echinococcosis in a thirty-year-old female patient in whom we surgically removed multiple liver foci of alveolar echinococcosis. The disease recurred after two years and required another surgical intervention. Conclusions: Alveolar echinococcosis is a disease with a high potential for a complete cure provided that it is diagnosed early and that the recommended therapeutic procedures are strictly adhered to.

scholarly journals Wireless logging of extracellular neuronal activity in the telencephalon of free-swimming salmonids

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Takahashi ◽  
Takumi Hombe ◽  
Riku Takahashi ◽  
Kaoru Ide ◽  
Shinichiro Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Fish Movement ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Head Direction ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Rodent Brain ◽  
River Migration ◽  
Spike Waveforms ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Salmonids return to the river where they were born in a phenomenon known as mother-river migration. The underpinning of migration has been extensively examined, particularly regarding the behavioral correlations of external environmental cues such as the scent of the mother-river and geomagnetic compass. However, neuronal underpinning remains elusive, as there have been no biologging techniques suited to monitor neuronal activity in the brain of large free-swimming fish. In this study, we developed a wireless biologging system to record extracellular neuronal activity in the brains of free-swimming salmonids. Results Using this system, we recorded multiple neuronal activities from the telencephalon of trout swimming in a rectangular water tank. As proof of principle, we examined the activity statistics for extracellular spike waveforms and timing. We found cells firing maximally in response to a specific head direction, similar to the head direction cells found in the rodent brain. The results of our study suggest that the recorded signals originate from neurons. Conclusions We anticipate that our biologging system will facilitate a more detailed investigation into the neural underpinning of fish movement using internally generated information, including responses to external cues.

scholarly journals An intact laminated layer is important for the establishment of secondary Echinococcus multilocularis infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 822-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Gottstein ◽  
Wen Dai ◽  
Mirjam Walker ◽  
Marianne Stettler ◽  
Norbert Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Laminated Layer

Experimental Third Ventriculostomy Performed Using Endovascular Surgical Techniques and Their Adaptation to Percutaneous Intradural Neuronavigation: Proof of Concept Cadaver Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Horowitz ◽  
Kamal Ramzipoor ◽  
Ajit Nair ◽  
Susan Miller ◽  
George Rappard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Cadaver Study ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Brain

Abstract OBJECTIVE Endoscopic third ventriculostomy has developed into a therapeutic alternative to shunting for the management of carefully selected patients with primarily noncommunicating hydrocephalus. This procedure, however, requires a general anesthetic and necessitates violation of the brain parenchyma and manipulation near vital neural structures to access the floor of the third ventricle. Using two cadavers and off-the-shelf angiographic catheters, we sought to determine whether it was possible to navigate a catheter, angioplasty balloon, and stent percutaneously through the subarachnoid space from the thecal sac into the third ventricle so as to perform a third ventriculostomy from below. METHODS Using biplane angiography and off-the-shelf angiographic catheters along with angioplasty balloons and stents, we were able to pass a stent coaxially from the thecal sac to and across the floor of the third ventricle so as to achieve a third ventriculostomy from below. RESULTS Coaxial catheter techniques allowed for the percutaneous insertion of a stent across the floor of the third ventricle. Ventriculostomy was confirmed by injecting contrast medium into the lateral ventricle and seeing it pass through the stent and into the chiasmatic cistern. CONCLUSION We describe the performance of third ventriculostomies in two cadavers by use of the new concept of percutaneous intradural neuronavigation. This procedure may obviate the need for general anesthetic and minimize the potential for brain and vascular injury, especially if ultimately combined with magnetic resonance fluoroscopy.

scholarly journals Observations on Septicemia of Cattle Caused by a Haemophilus-Like Organism

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Panciera ◽  
Robert R. Dahlgren ◽  
Harold B. Rinker
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Necrosis ◽  
The Brain

A septicemia caused by a Haemophilus-like organism occurs singly and multiplicate in feedlot and pastured cattle and has been reproduced experimentally. Clinically the disease may be peracute and neurologic, acute and respiratory, subchronic to chronic and arthritic, or an amalgam. Grossly, lesions are widespread but most prevalent are multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis of the brain, meningitis, polyarthritis, polyserositis, and pseudomembranous or ulcerative laryngitis. Histologically, there are intense vasculitis, thrombosis, infarction, and a purulent exudate. The lesions of the experimental infection in cattle and mice resemble the natural ones.

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