Field Experiments in Bedfordshire on the Chemical Treatment of Soil infected with the Potato Eelworm Heterodera schachtii, during 1936—37

1938 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Hurst ◽  
Mary T. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Calcium Cyanamide

Preliminary investigations on the problem of affording protection to the potato plant growing in soil infested with cysts of Heterodera schachtii, were carried out by Hurst & Triffitt (1935, i, ii, 1937). In these experiments promising results were obtained by the application of calcium cyanamide or of ferric oxide to the soil, and trials with these chemicals were designed on a larger'scale. A small field experiment (Hurst & Franklin, 1937) was carried out in Lincolnshire during 1936, using dressings of 30 cwt. per acre of calcium cyanamide and 12 cwt. per acre of ferric oxide. On the cyanamide plots an increased yield of potatoes was accompanied by a relatively small increase in the cyst population of the soil. With ferric oxide the results were not significantly different from those on the untreated control plots.

A Second Series of Field Experiments in Lincolnshire on the Chemical Treatment of Soil infected with Heterodera schachtii

1938 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Hurst ◽  
Mary T. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Kind Permission ◽  
Calcium Cyanamide ◽  
Second Year

Previous experiments on the application of ferric oxide or of calcium cyanamide to “potato-sick” land were carried out at the Kirton Agricultural Institute. The results were reported by Hurst & Franklin (1937), and indicated that ferric oxide had no effect either on the yield of potatoes or on the hatching of H. schachtii larvae, but that calcium cyanamide showed promise and was worthy of further trial. Experiments with this chemical were, by the kind permission of Mr. J. C. Wallace, Principal of the Kirton Agricultural Institute, and with the co-operation of Mr. J. Wood, A.R.C.S., continued for a second year.

Further Experiments on the Chemical Treatment of Soil infected with Heterodera schachtii

1937 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Hurst ◽  
Marjorie J. Triffitt
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Calcium Cyanamide ◽  
Scale Field

Preliminary experiments were carried out during 1935, on the possible application of certain chemical substances to the problem of controlling “potato-sickness.” The results were published in two papers by Hurst & Triffitt (1935, i, ii) and it was shown that calcium cyanamide and ferric oxide were deserving of further trials on a larger scale. Field experiments were devised and carried out during 1936 in various parts of the country, and the results will be communicated when these are available. In the meantime the small-scale experiments were continued and are described below.

On the Relative Distribution of Cysts of Heterodera schachtii and a Chemical Dressing incorporated with Infected Land by means of a Rototiller

1938 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Richard H. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Calcium Cyanamide

A field experiment was commenced in Bedfordshire during 1937, when soil infested with cysts of Heterodera schachtii was treated with very heavy dressings of calcium cyanamide. For comparison, a treatment with ammonium sulphate and lime was included. The lay-out was in the form of four randomised blocks of five treatments: control, calcium cyanamide 40, 60 and 80 c.p.a., and ammonium sulphate 80 c.p.a. plus hydrated lime 63 c.p.a. The last dressing contained the same amounts of nitrogen and lime as 80 c.p.a. of calcium cyanamide.

Field Experiments in Lincolnshire on the Chemical Treatment of Soil infected with Heterodera schachtii

1937 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Hurst ◽  
Mary T. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Small Scale

This communication is concerned with the field trials of substances which in previous small-scale experiments had shown promise of controlling “potatò-sickness” when they were mixed with infected soil.

Pot Experiments on the Chemical Treatment of Soils Infected with the Potato and Oat Strains of Heterodera schachtii

1938 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Calcium Cyanamide

It was observed in laboratory experiments that the lethal action of dilute solutions of calcium cyanamide on the larvae of Heterodera schachtii was more rapid when these solutions were rendered slightly acid. This might be due to the rate of decomposition of calcium cyanamide in aqueous solutions of varying þH. The changes which cyanamide undergoes in acid and alkaline media have been described by Crowther & Richardson (1932). Solutions of commercial calcium cyanamide are moderately alkaline because of their lime content, and in this alkalinity any free cyanamide which is formed tends to polymerise to dicyanodiamide. Experiments with solutions of dicyanodiamide showed that this substance has very little toxic action on H. schachtii larvae. In acid solution, on the other hand, cyanamide is hydrolysed to urea. This substance becomes toxic when it decomposes to ammonia, but in the slightly acid solutions used the change would be a slow process. It is probable, therefore, that the degree of toxicity of calcium cyanamide solutions would be greatest where the cyanamide radicle could be retained unchanged for the longest period.

scholarly journals A Non-Uniform Broadcast Fertilization Method and Its Performance Analysis under Basin Irrigation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Meijian Bai ◽  
Yinong Li ◽  
Shaohui Zhang ◽  
Di Xu
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Inflow Rate ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
Solute Content ◽  
Basin Surface ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basin Irrigation

The broadcast fertilization method is widely used under basin irrigation in China. A reasonable broadcast fertilization method can effectively improve application performance of fertilization and reduce pollution from non-point agricultural sources. In this study, firstly, a non-uniform broadcast fertilization method and a non-uniform application coefficient were proposed. The value of non-uniform application coefficient is defined in this paper. It represents the ratio of the difference between the maximum and the average fertilization amount of fertilizer applied on the basin surface to the average fertilization amount of fertilizer applied on the basin surface. Secondly, field experiments were conducted to study the movement characteristics of fertilizer under non-uniform broadcast fertilization for basin irrigation. Field experiment results showed that under the condition of basin irrigation, the non-uniform broadcast fertilization method could weaken the non-uniform distribution of fertilizer due to erosion and transport capacity of solid fertilizer by irrigation water flow, which could significantly improve the uniformity of soil solute content. Thirdly, the solute transport model for broadcast fertilization was corroborated by the field experiment results. The variation rule of fertilization performance with non-uniform application coefficient under different basin length and inflow rate was achieved by simulation. The simulation results showed that fertilization uniformity and fertilization storage efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase of non-uniform application coefficient. In order to be practically applicable, suitable irrigation programs of non-uniform application coefficient under different basin length and inflow rate conditions were proposed by numerical simulation.

High phosphorus concentrations in seed of wheat and annual medic are related to higher rates of dry matter production of seedlings and plants

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Burr Medic

Seed of 2 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 1 burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) with increasing phosphorus (P) concentrations (wheat 1.4-3.7 g P/kg dry matter, medic 3.3-7.9 g P/kg dry matter) were collected from field experiments with variable levels of applied superphosphate (wheat 0- 577 kg P/ha, medic 0-364 kg P/ha) in south-western Australia. These seeds were used in further experiments to examine the effect of seed P concentration on the subsequent dry matter (DM) production of seedlings and plants in 3 glasshouse pot experiments and 1 field experiment. Seed of the same size (wheat, 35 mg/seed; medic, 3.6 mg/seed) but with increasing P concentration produced substantially higher DM yields in the absence or presence of freshly applied superphosphate P up to 28-35 days after sowing in the pot experiments and 67 days after sowing in the field experiment.

Growth, freezing tolerance, and yield performance of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) cultivars grown under controlled and field conditions in northern latitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervi M. Seppänen ◽  
Ville Alitalo ◽  
Hanna K. Bäckström ◽  
Kirsi Mäkiniemi ◽  
Venla Jokela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Second Year

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most popular forage legume crops worldwide. Its cultivation in the boreal and sub-boreal zone is restricted by inadequate winter hardiness, but global warming may increase its adaptability in these latitudes. Here, we examined variation in growth and freezing tolerance of four alfalfa cultivars recommended for the northern temperate climates of Europe (Alexis, Lavo, Live, and Nexus) and two cultivars with adaptation to milder or Mediterranean climates (Rangelander and Hunter River). Two experiments under controlled conditions (growth cessation and cold acclimation experiments) along with a 2-yr field experiment were conducted. Lavo was the most freezing-tolerant cultivar in both the cold acclimation and field experiments. Both Rangelander and Hunter River showed poor freezing tolerance. Lavo responded to decreasing temperatures, unlike the response to shorter day length, by allocating biomass to the roots. In general, better freezing tolerance was associated with high total nonstructural carbohydrate and low starch content. The field experiment results revealed that the more freezing-tolerant cultivars may have some advantages regarding yield, especially in the second year, but the differences between the cultivars were modest.

scholarly journals Efficacy of newer insecticides against sucking pests of rice fallow blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Swathi ◽  
P. Seetharamu ◽  
S. Dhurua ◽  
M. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Cent Disease ◽  
Thrips Population

A field experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of different insecticides against sucking pests viz., thrips, Caliothrips indicus Bangall and whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, infesting blackgram in North coastal Andhrapradesh at Agricultural College, Naira during rabi 2017-2018.The experimental results revealed that all the treatments showed significant differences in reducing the population of sucking pests over untreated check. Among the tested insecticides, thiacloprid 21.7 SC @ 0.0325% was found to be highly effective against thrips by reducing74.80 per cent thrips population followed by acetamiprid 4 % + fipronil 4% @ 2ml l-1 with 70.81 per cent over untreated control, whereas flonicamid 50 WG @ 0.0325% was very effective against the population of whitefly byreducing 72.19 per cent and lowest per cent disease incidence (17.66%) followed by acetamiprid 4% + fipronil 4% @ 2ml l-1 (64.94%) and thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.005% (62.21%) which were on par with each other over control.

scholarly journals Activity of insecticides on coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) (Coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudilait Metellus ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Sampaio ◽  
Fernando Juari Celoto
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Artificial Infestation ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Residual Control ◽  
Green Stage

The objective of this work was to evaluate the topical, residual and agronomic effects of the insecticides Voliam Targo, Benevia, Lorsban 480 BR, Curbix 200 SC, Sperto, Verismo, Polytrin 400/40 CE, Curyom 550 EC, Polo 500 SC and Vertimec 18 EC in the control of the berry borer of coffee (H. hampei). The experimental design was completely randomized and four replicates were used in the trials. In the laboratory, a direct spray was sprayed on the insect (topical effect) and applied to the fruits of the coffee (residual contamination). In both experiments, each plot consisted of a Petri dish lined with filter paper, 10 fruits in the green stage and 10 adult females of the berry borer, originating from artificial breeding. Two field experiments were carried out at Campus Glória Experimental Farm. The first one was carried out with the objective of evaluating the residual effect of the insecticides on artificial infestation of the berry borer after applying the products to fruits at the beginning of maturation. The number of perforated fruits, dead females, number of eggs and larvae were evaluated in laboratory and field experiments. The second field experiment had as objective to evaluate the effectiveness in controlling the natural population of the berry borer. Two applications were performed with a 30-day interval, using a motorized turbocharger. The number of fruits bored in 50 fruits per plot and percentage of seeds bored in a sample of 250 seeds per replicate were evaluated. In the laboratory, all insecticides provided mortality higher than 80% in topical application and greater than 73% by residual contamination, except the insecticide Polo 500 SC, which provided a 55% mortality. In the field experiment with artificial infestation, all the insecticides differed from the control, maintaining residual control until 30 days after application and with mortality higher than 70%, reaching up to 100% of mortality. In the test with natural berry borer females infestation the insecticides differed from the control in all evaluated parameters, showed efficacy higher than 75% at 35 days after the second application. The insecticides Voliam Targo, Lorsban 480 BR, Curbix 200 SC, Sperto, Polytrin 400/40 CE and Verismo presented the best control results, being indicated for use in the management of the berry borer of coffee.

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