The first report of Xenorhabdus indica from Steinernema pakistanense: co-phylogenetic study suggests co-speciation between X. indica and its steinernematid nematodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Bhat ◽  
A.K. Chaubey ◽  
V. Půža
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
First Report ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Virulence Assay ◽  
First Time

AbstractDuring a survey in agricultural fields of the sub-humid region of Meerut district, India, two strains of entomopathogenic nematodes, labelled CS31 and CS32, were isolated using the Galleria baiting technique. Based on morphological and morphometric studies, and molecular data, the nematodes were identified as Steinernema pakistanense, making this finding the first report of this species from India. For the first time, we performed a molecular and biochemical characterization of the bacterial symbiont of S. pakistanense. Furthermore, a co-phylogenetic analysis of the bacteria from the monophyletic clade containing a symbiont of S. pakistanense, together with their nematode hosts, was conducted, to test the degree of nematode–bacteria co-speciation. Both isolates were also tested in a laboratory assay for pathogenicity against two major pests, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura. The morphology of the Indian isolates corresponds mainly to the original description, with the only difference being the absence of a mucron in first-generation females and missing epiptygmata in the second generation. The sequences of bacterial recA and gyrB genes have shown that the symbiont of S. pakistanense is closely related to Xenorhabdus indica, which is associated with some other nematodes from the ‘bicornutum’ group. Co-phylogenetic analysis has shown a remarkable congruence between the nematode and bacterial phylogenies, suggesting that, in some lineages within the Steinernema / Xenorhabdus complex, the nematodes and bacteria have undergone co-speciation. In the virulence assay, both strains caused a 100% mortality of both tested insects after 48 h, even at the lowest doses of 25 infective juveniles per insect, suggesting that S. pakistanense could be considered for use in the biocontrol of these organisms in India.

scholarly journals Diversity of pathogenic Pseudomonas isolated from citrus in Tunisia

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroua Oueslati ◽  
Magdalena Mulet ◽  
Mohamed Zouaoui ◽  
Charlotte Chandeysson ◽  
Jorge Lalucat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Cultivars

Abstract The damages observed in Tunisian citrus orchards have prompted studies on the Pseudomonas spp. responsible for blast and black pit. Prospective orchards between 2015 and 2017 showed that the diseases rapidly spread geographically and to new cultivars. A screening of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from symptomatic trees revealed their wide diversity according to phylogenetic analysis of their housekeeping rpoD and cts genes. The majority of strains were affiliated to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Phylogroup PG02b), previously described in Tunisia. However, they exhibited various BOX-PCR fingerprints and were not clonal. This work demonstrated, for the first time in Tunisia, the involvement of Pseudomonas cerasi (PG02a) and Pseudomonas congelans (PG02c). The latter did not show significant pathogenicity on citrus, but was pathogenic on cantaloupe and active for ice nucleation that could play a role in the disease. A comparative phylogenetic study of citrus pathogens from Iran, Montenegro and Tunisia revealed that P. syringae (PG02b) strains are closely related but again not clonal. Interestingly P. cerasi (PG02a) was isolated in two countries and seems to outspread. However, its role in the diseases is not fully understood and it should be monitored in future studies. The diversity of pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. and the extension of the diseases highlight that they have become complex and synergistic. It opens questions about which factors favor diseases and how to fight against them efficiently and with sustainable means.

Molecular phylogeny of Pemphiginae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) inferred from nuclear gene EF-1α sequences

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Zhang ◽  
G.X. Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThree traditional tribes of Fordini, Pemphigini and Eriosomatini comprise Pemphiginae, and there are two subtribes in Fordini and Pemphigini, respectively. Most of the species in this subfamily live heteroecious holocyclic lives with distinct primary host specificity. The three tribes of Pemphigini (except Prociphilina), Eriosomatini and Fordini use three families of plants, Salicaceae (Populus), Ulmaceae (Ulums) and Anacardiaceae (Pistacia and Rhus), as primary hosts, respectively, and form galls on them. Therefore, the Pemphigids are well known as gall makers, and their galls can be divided into true galls and pseudo-galls in type. We performed the first molecular phylogenetic study of Pemphiginae based on molecular data (EF-1α sequences). Results show that Pemphiginae is probably not a monophylum, but the monophyly of Fordini is supported robustly. The monophyly of Pemphigini is not supported, and two subtribes in it, Pemphigina and Prociphilina, are suggested to be raised to tribal level, equal with Fordini and Eriosomatini. The molecular phylogenetic analysis does not show definite relationships among the four tribes of Pemphiginae, as in the previous phylogenetic study based on morphology. It seems that the four tribes radiated at nearly the same time and then evolved independently. Based on this, we can speculate that galls originated independently four times in the four tribes, and there is no evidence to support that true galls are preceded by pseudo-galls, as in the case of thrips and willow sawflies.

Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters, with the description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2983 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIO PARAPAR ◽  
JUAN MOREIRA ◽  
GUDMUNDUR V. HELGASON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Bathymetric Distribution ◽  
North East ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Icelandic Waters

Based on material collected during the BIOICE project, the taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta; Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters is presented. Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1853 and Terebellides gracilis Malm, 1874 (as Terebellides williamsae Jirkov, 1989) were previously reported from the area. Terebellides atlantis Williams, 1984 is reported for the first time after the original description and redescribed. Terebellides bigeniculatus sp. nov. is diagnosed by the presence of two thoracic chaetigers with geniculate chaetae. Terebellides williamsae Jirkov, 1989 is proposed as a junior synonym of T. gracilis, whose holotype is redescribed herein. Several body characters with high taxonomic value in Terebellides are reviewed under the SEM; additions to the diagnosis and new potential characters for a future taxonomic revision and phylogenetic study of the genus are also suggested. The geographical and bathymetric distribution of each species in relation to the GIF Ridge is discussed, and a key to Terebellides species from North East Atlantic waters is provided.

scholarly journals Molecular and Phenotypic Descriptions of Cystodermella cinnabarina from Western Himalaya: A New Genus for Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abdul Razaq ◽  
Sobia Ilyas ◽  
Abdul Nasir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

Cystodermella cinnabarina is reported here for the first time from the moist temperate forests of western Himalaya and is the first collection of a Cystodermella from Pakistan. This species is redescribed here using morphological and molecular data. The phylogenetic analysis which is based on internal transcribed spacers (ITS) showed that the Pakistani collection clustered distinctly with similar European sequences in the Cystodermella clade. The Italian and north European sequences of this species clustered in two separate subclades and the Pakistani sequences closely matched the Italian sequences. It is evident that the Pakistani population has a very close evolutionary affinity with the Italian individuals rather than those from northern Europe. The species is distributed in Europe, in North America, and now in the western Himalaya of Asia.

scholarly journals First Report of Downy Mildew Caused by Peronospora sordida on Butterflybush (Buddleja stachyoides) in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-560
Author(s):  
S. T. Albuquerque ◽  
F. B. Rocha ◽  
R. W. Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Representative Specimen ◽  
Podosphaera Xanthii ◽  
First Report ◽  
Blast Search ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Plant Press ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Butterflybush (common name in Brazil, verbasco), Buddleja stachyoides Cham. & Schltdl. (Buddlejaceae), is an erect herb or small shrub, native to Brazil, that is listed both as a folk medicinal plant and as a pasture weed (4). In March 2012, a group of B. stachyoides plants growing in a pasture in Viçosa (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil), were found bearing typical downy mildew symptoms. The only pathogen reported associated with this plant species is Podosphaera xanthii (1) and because there is no record of downy mildew on members of Buddleja in Brazil, an investigation was carried out to clarify the pathogen identity. Diseased plants had lesions on living leaves that were vein-delimited, chlorotic, coalescing, and becoming necrotic adaxially and bearing downy mildew-like colonies over diseased tissues abaxially. The samples were dried in a plant press and a representative specimen was deposited in the local herbarium at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Accession No. VIC 31836). Reproductive structures were scraped from leaves with a scalpel and mounted in lactophenol. Preliminary observations indicated the pathogen as belonging to Peronospora (Peronosporaceae). The pathogen had the following morphology: Sporangiophores are 288 to 641 μm long, dichotomously branching up to seven times, hyaline, smooth, 5 to 16 μm wide at the trunk, branches 63 to 202 μm long; tips subacute, in pairs or rarely single, 5 to 19 μm long; sporangia subglobose to ellipsoidal, 12 to 22 × 11 to 17 μm, pale yellowish brown, non-papillate. Only one species of Peronospora is known to infect members of Buddleja, namely Peronospora hariotii Gäum. (1). Nevertheless, the pathogen on B. stachyoides has smaller sporangia as compared to those of P. hariotii (20 to 26 × 16 to 21 μm) (2) and it was closer to P. sordida (3). DNA of the pathogen from B. stachyoides was extracted and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were sequenced. Sequences were deposited in GenBank (COX2 as JX982637; ITS as JX982638). A BLAST search yielded 99% and 100% of maximum identity with P. sordida for COX2 and ITS, respectively. A more detailed phylogenetic study is necessary to clarify the relationship between P. sordida, P. hariotii, and related species causing downy mildew on closely related hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sordida occurring on a member of the genus Buddleja. This is also the first time that P. sordida is reported from South America. References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , 19 October 2012. (2) S. M. Francis. C.M.I. Descr. Pathog. Fungi Bact. 767:1, 1983. (3) G. Hall. I.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 1062:1, 1991. (4) K. G. Kissmann and D. Groth. Plantas Infestantes e Nocivas. São Paulo, BASF, 1997.

scholarly journals First report on molecular basis of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) aggravation by combined effect of tuber and prevailing aphid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Ansar ◽  
Kumari Rajani ◽  
Jitesh Kumar ◽  
Tushar Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
First Report ◽  
First Time

Abstract Objective: The Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) is one of the most devastating virus causing severe yield losses worldwide in potato. The comprehensive observations were made to study the PLRV infestation in major potato growing areas of Bihar (India) and further detailed molecular basis of PLRV aggravation was established. Results: Although aphids population were found comparatively lower with maximum symptomatic plants, our molecular data further confirms the presence of PLRV in all possible symptomatic tissues such as tubers, shoots and leaves. For the first time, we have proposed molecular basis of aggravation of PLRV, where tuber acts as a reservoir during off-season and further transmitted by aphids.

scholarly journals TAXONOMIC IDENTITY OF ARISAEMA CONDAOENSE (ARACEAE) BASED ON NEW MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Van Hong Thien ◽  
Phi Nga Nguyen ◽  
Luu Hong Truong
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Matk Gene ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Arisaema condaoense V.D. Nguyen was described as a new species from Con Dao National Park, Ba Ria–Vung Tau Province, Vietnam in 2000. However, this species has been suspected of being a form of Arisaema roxburghii Kunth, a species widespread in the whole Indochina and Malay Peninsula. This was due to the original description based on dried specimens with male inflorescences only. Morphological characteristics of female inflorescences, which are of taxonomical importance to identify the species, have not been known. In June 2015, we re-sampled the plant in Con Dao National Park with both male and female inflorescences for detailed examination of morphological characteristics. Besides, the matK gene of the chloroplast genome of this species was sequenced to analyse its phylogenetic relationship with other Arisaema species. The gathered morphological and molecular data indicate that A. condaoense is certainly a distinct species, not a synonym of A. roxburghii. The noted morphological characteristics also provide key differences to distinguish A. condaoense from two other morphologically close species of sect. Fimbriata (i.e A. maxwellii from Thailand and A. pierreanum from Vietnam which also share yellow spathes and several other characteristics in common), which are supported by the molecular data. Thus, the species is endemic to Con Dao National Park in Ba Ria–Vung Tau Province, Vietnam. Furthermore, this study allows us revising the description of A. condaoense with, for the first time, supplemental key taxonomic characteristics and illustrating colourful photographs taken from the fresh materials. A key to all eight known Vietnamese species of sect. Fimbriata is also given.

New combinations in Asiatic Oxybasis (Amaranthaceae s.l.): evidence from morphological, carpological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Sukhorukov ◽  
Pertti Uotila ◽  
Mingli Zhang ◽  
Hong-Xiang Zhang ◽  
Anna S. Speranskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Specific Rank ◽  
First Time ◽  
Species Being ◽  
A New Species

Two new combinations are proposed in Oxybasis (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae or Amaranthaceae s.l.). Chenopodium micranthum, described from Russia in the 1860s and known as C. urbicum subsp. sinicum in China, is assigned specific rank in Oxybasis. It appears to be widespread in China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and Asiatic Russia. The Siberian-Mongolian C. gubanovii, recently described as a new species in Chenopodium sect. Pseudoblitum, is also assigned to Oxybasis. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods confirmed the placement of C. micranthum and C. gubanovii in the genus Oxybasis. Distribution maps of O. micrantha and O. gubanovii are provided, the latter species being reported for the first time in the Chinese part of the Altai Mountains. A lectotype for C. micranthum (= O. micrantha) is designated.

scholarly journals First report in France of Caenoplana decolorata, a recently described species of alien terrestrial flatworm (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Lou Justine ◽  
Delphine Gey ◽  
Jessica Thévenot ◽  
Clément Gouraud ◽  
Leigh Winsor
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

AbstractAlien land flatworms (family Geoplanidae) are invading many countries in the world. Some can easily be identified by their morphology and colour pattern, but some are more cryptic and necessitate a molecular approach. Caenoplana decolorata Mateos et al., 2020 was recently described, from specimens found in Spain, as a sibling species to C. coerulea Moseley, 1877. We found that one specimen collected in Nantes, France in 2014 had a 100% identity of its COI sequence with one specimen of the original description of C. decolorata, and thus we record here the species for the first time in France.

First report of Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) from king ratsnakes (Elaphe carinata) in Shanghai, with description of a new species

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Han ◽  
Youling Wu ◽  
Hui Dong ◽  
Shunhai Zhu ◽  
Liujia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
First Report ◽  
Hepatozoon Species ◽  
Elaphe Carinata ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

AbstractHepatozoon species are the most common hemoparasites of snakes. In this study, Hepatozoon parasites were examined for the first time in king rat snakes (Elaphe carinata) from Shanghai, China. All 10 snakes were found to be infected with Hepatozoon gamonts. The gamonts were folded back in a hook-wise fashion for about 3 μm at one end. Parasitemia levels ranged from 4-43 infected erythrocytes per 1,000 examined. The gamonts changed the morphology of the parasitized erythrocytes. Although the gamonts showed some distinct variations in both the parasite and its nucleus, phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the E. carinata in this study formed a monophyletic group, and were distinct from all other published Hepatozoon species. A new species, Hepatozoon chinensis, was proposed based on the molecular and morphologic evidence.

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